2023学年完整公开课版主谓一致

主谓一致一、主谓一致的原则主谓一致是指主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。一般遵循下列原则：1.

语法一致原则：主语和谓语在人称和数上一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。2.

意义一致原则：谓语的单复数取决于主语的意义。有时主语形式上为单数，但意义上却是复数，那么谓语根据意义也用复数形式；有时主语形式上为复数，但意义上却是单数，那么谓语根据意义应用单数形式。3.

就近一致原则：谓语动词的形式与邻近的主语在人称和数上一致，如“Therebe

句型”即适用这一原则。二、主谓一致的具体应用1.

名词作主语1)集合名词作主语，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的这类名词有：army,audience,class,family,team,crowd,staff,committee,enemy,government,population等。

有些集合名词如cattle,people,police等，通常看作复数，谓语动词必须用复数。e.g.Theteam

isthebestintheleague.Theteam

aredrivingtothegameintheirowncars.（team意为“队员们”）

Thepolice

arealsolookingforasecondcar.2)单复数同形的名词作主语，应根据其意义来决定谓语形式，常见的这类名词有：deer,fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese,means,works（工厂）等。

e.g.Theonlymeansofcommunicationbetweenthemwassignlanguage.Allmeans

havebeentriedouttoincreaseagriculturalproduction.3)表示单数概念的复形名词，如：学科（maths，physics等）、机构、书名、剧名等作主语，谓语动词通常用单数。

e.g.Mathsisoneofthemostimportantcoursesintheseniorschool.

TheTimesisBritain’soldestnationaldaily.4)表成双成对的名词作主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式，有：trouser,shoe,chopstick,sunglass等。但如果其前有apairof,akindof等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数。

e.g.Apairoftrousersisonthebed.Mybluetrousershavewornout.5)当名词短语中心词为表示距离、金额、时间等的复数名词时，往往把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。

e.g.Sevenkilometerswascoveredintwohours.

Fourthousanddollarsismorethanshecanafford.

Tenminuteswasgiventopreparetheanswer.6)“the+形容词或过去分词”结构作主语时，如表示一类可数的人或事物，谓语动词用复数，这类词有wounded,rich,unemployed,blind等。

e.g.Theunemployed

leadamiserablelife.7)“morethanone/manya+单数名词”作主语，谓语动词通常用单数形式；“more+复数名词+thanone”作主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。

e.g.Thereis

morethanoneanswertoyourquestion.

Manyacriticissatisfiedwiththeplay.

Moreboxesthanonehavebeenusedatthestation.8)“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数。

e.g.Onlyonethirdofthework

wasdone

yesterday.

Threefourthsofthestudents

cometo

schoolon

time.2.代词作主语1)由代词each,everyone,noone,either,neither,another以及合成代词something,anything,nothing,everything,somebody,anybody,nobody,everybody,someone,anyone,everyone作主语时，谓语动词均用单数。

e.g.Twoboysentered.Eachwascarryingasuitcase.

Anyonewhoisoversixteenisallowedin.2)关系代词who,that,which等在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。

e.g.Davidisoneofthosepeoplewhohave

troublemakinguptheirminds.（先行词是people）

Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho

waslatethismorning.（当one前有

theonly时，先行词是one）3)all,most,none,some等作主语时，谓语动词的形式要根据它们所代替的内容来定。

e.g.Allwhohavestudiedthisquestion

havecometo

thesameconclusion.

None

ismorequalifiedforthetask

thanhe.3.由连接词连接的名词或代词作主语1)用and或both...and...连接并列主语，如果意义为复数，谓语动词通常用复数。但由and连接的并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词则用单数形式，这时and后面的可数名词不带冠词。e.g.Boththesecretaryandthemanagerhaveagreedtobepresent.

Lawandorder

meansdifferentthingstopeoplewithdifferentpoliticalopinions.

Thereisawatchandchainonthetable.（watchandchain带链的表）2)当主语后跟有说明主语的修饰语，如用with,aswellas,alongwith,ratherthan,togetherwith,including,inadditionto与修饰语连接时，谓语动词的人称和数与主语保持一致。

e.g.Themissingthings,aswellasthebag,havebeenfoundandreturnedtotheowner.3)由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词要与邻近的主语相一致。

e.g.Eitherhisbrotheror

hisfriendsare

wrong.

Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteachergoestotheexhibition.4.从句及非谓语动词作主语1)名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。但如果是两个或两个以上的从句由and连接表两个概念时，谓语动词用复数。另外，what从句作主语时，谓语动词的数由其表示的意义来决定。e.g.Whetherwegocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.

Whatcausedthesnowslideandhowmanytouristsareinjuredarestillunknown.

Whatyouwantisabigbag.Youneednotgetanymorestamps.What

wehavearequitesufficient.2)动词-ing形式短语或不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。

e.g.Smoking/Tosmokeisabadhabit.用be动词的适当形式填空。1.ThepublicationofGreatExpectations,which_________bothwidelyreviewedandhighlypraised,strengthenedDickens'statusasaleadingnovelist.（江苏2017）was2.Fastfood________fulloffatandsalt;byeatingmorefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.（2017全国卷I）is3.Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow43.____oftenacceptable.（2016新课标全国卷II）4.Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand69.________tooviolentforuseatthetable.（2016新课标全国卷III）iswereI.用括号内动词的正确形式填空。1.Everypossiblemeans_____________(use)topreventtheairpollutionsofar,butthingsarestillserious.2.TheUnitedNations________(be)thoughttobeoneofthemostimportantinternationalorganizationsnowadays.3.ProfessorSmith,alongwithhisassistants,__________(work)ontheprojectdayandnighttomeetthedeadlinenow.hasbeenusedisisworking4.Thatyourfrienddoesn'tofferyouagiftonyourbirthdaypossibly________(mean)thatheforgetsaboutit.5.Manyaforeigner________(be)lookingforwardtovisitingthemysteriousChinanowadays.6.Asurveyoftheopinionsofexpertsshowsthatthreehoursofoutdoorexerciseaweek________(be)goodforone'shealth.meansisis7.Thecompanyhadabout20notebookcomputersbutonlyone-third________(use)regularly.8.MostofwhathasbeensaidaboutJohn________(be)alsotrueofJack.9.Apoetandartist________(be)comingtospeaktousaboutChinesepaintingtomorrowafternoon.10.Mycolleagueistheonlyoneoftheteacherswho________(know)German.wereusedisisknowsII.用括号内动词的正确形式补全下面短文。

ThedoorofapopularcoffeebarincentralDelhi1.________(be)seldomshutforlongasasteadystreamofcustomerswalkinandout.Manyofthem2.________(be)youngsters—collegestudentsandyoungworkingpeoplewantingtorelaxoveracupofcoffee.“Withoutbeingdisturbed,youcansitforalongtimeandhaveacupofcoffee,andchat,nobody3.________(disturb)youhere,”saidagirl.isaredisturbs“Youcansit,talkandspendtimehere,andhaveacupofcoffee,hangoutwithyourf