Unit 1 语法讲练【 知识精讲+提升专练 】 人教版八年级 上册英语 课件

Unit1Wheredidyougoonvacation?语法讲练语言能力1.辨析指人和指物的不定代词的用法。2.复习一般过去时的疑问结构;3.能在半控制语用情景中练习使用一般过去时和不定代词用法。4.在真实语境中运用不定代词，做一次采访，写一篇报道。文化意思通过分享别人的旅游经历来丰富自已的知识。思维品质学会和朋友一同分享度假经历，相互分享旅行中的收获。学习能力学会运用“感知、发现、总结”的微策略辨别不定代词;在小组中自主合作探究，学习不定代词的一般规律。学会运用小组进行探究式学习；提高语法阅读填空能力LearningGoals（教学目标）动LeadinEnjoyavideoandanswer动1.Wheredidtheboygoonhissummervacation?2.Whatdidheandhisfamilydothere?3.Whatdidthegirldoonhervacation?4.WheredidMollygoonhersummervacation?5.Whatdidsheandhersisterdothere?HewenttoJejudowithhisfamily.TheyrodehorsesandwalkedalongJejuolle.Hetooktaekwondolessons.HewenttoXinjiangwithhissister.Theyrodehorsesthere.GrammarFocusWheredidyougoonvacation?IwenttoNewYorkCity.Didyougooutwithanyone?No,Noonewashere.Everyone

wasonvacation.Didyoubuy

anythingspecial?

Yes,Ibought

somethingformyfather.No,Ibought

nothing.Howwasthefood?Everything

tastedreallygood.Did

everyonehaveagoodtime?Oh,yes,EverythingwasexcellentReadandtranslate1.你去了什么地方去度假？___________yougoon_________?2.我去了纽约市。I___________NewYorkCity.3.你和别的什么人一起去的吗？____________gooutwith________?4.不，没有别人在这儿。每个人都在度假。No._________washere.________wason________.5.你买了什么特别的东西了吗？____youbuy_______________?6.是的，我为我爸爸买了些东西。Yes,I__________formyfather.7.不，我没有买什么东西。No,I________________.8.吃的怎么样？________thefood?9.所有的东西尝起来都很好。_________________reallygood.10.每个人都玩得很开心吗?_____________haveagoodtime?11.是的。一切事物都很棒。Yes.__________wasexcellent.vacationWheredidwenttoDidyouanyoneHaveatestCompletethesentencesNooneEveryonevacationDidanythingspecialboughtsomethingboughtnothingHowwasEverythingtastedDideveryoneEverythingGrammarFocusWheredidyougoonvacation?IwenttoNewYorkCity.Didyougooutwithanyone?No,Noonewashere.Everyone

wasonvacation.Didyoubuy

anythingspecial?

Yes,Ibought

somethingformyfather.No,Ibought

nothing.Howwasthefood?Everything

tastedreallygood.Did

everyonehaveagoodtime?Oh,yes,EverythingwasexcellentReadandfind动发现一一般过去时用法1.表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。2.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。

谓语构成常用时间(thedaybefore)yesterdaylastnight/weekin1990/justnowOnSundaymorningtwodaysago系动词be的过去时.am(is)→wasare→were肯定句：主语+was

(were)

+表语

Hewasathomeyesterday.否定句：主语+was

(were)

+not+表语

We

weren't

late

yesterday.

.疑问句：Was

(Were)

+主语+表语？

Were

you

ill

yesterday?

特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was

(were)

+主语+其他？行为动词的一般过去时:肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其他。Iwenttothemovie.否定句：主语+助动词didn’t+动词原形+其他？→Ididn’tgotoschool.一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其他？Didyou

have

breakfast?Yes,I

do./No,Idon’t.Yes,Idid./No,Ididn’t.特殊疑问句：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他？When

did

you

visit

theGreatWall?动词过去式的构成规则动词regularverbs不规则动词irregularverbs

规则动词过去式的变化有以下几种：(1)一般情况下在动词后加-ed。e.g.play—playedvisit—visitedwalk—walkedclean—cleaned

(2)以不发音的e结尾的词，在词尾加-d。e.g.

like—liked

dance—danced

live—liveduse—used(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的单词，先改y为i，再加-ed。

e.g.study—studied

carry—carriedworry—worried

(4)以重读闭音节结尾并且词尾只有一个辅音字母，要先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed。e.g.stop—stoppeddrop—dropped

plan—planned温馨提示：以元音字母+y结尾的，直接加ed：e.g.enjoy——enjoyed

play——played

规则动词过去式词尾-ed的读音读音规则读音例词在浊辅音和元音后面/d/moved/mu:vd/在浊辅音和元音后面/t/passed/pa:st/在清辅音后面/id/needed/’ni:did/am,is—was

are—werego—went

do—didhave—had

come—cametake—took

say—saideat—ate

see—sawget—got

put—putsleep—sleptgive—gavewrite—wrotread—readbuy—bought

sit—satrun—ranswim

—swammake—made

feel—felhear—heard

grow—grewtell—told

know—knewfind—foundbegin—beganbring

—broughtstand—stoodspend—spentcatch—caughtteach—taught动词不规则变化/red/一般过去时肯定主语+was/were+其他.主语+动词的过去式+其他.否定主语+was/werenot+其他.主语+didn’t+动词原形+其他.一般疑问句及回答Was/Were+主语+其他?(肯)Yes,主语+was/were.(否)No,主语+wasn’t/weren’t.Did+主语+动词原形+其他?(肯)Yes,主语+did.(否)No,主语+didn’t.动词一般过去时，表示过去发生的事；be用was或用were,have,has变had；谓语动词过去式，过去时间作标志；一般动词加-ed，若是特殊得硬记。否定句很简单，主语之后didn’t添；疑问句也不难，did放在主语前；如果谓语之前有did，谓语动词需还原；动词若是was,were,否定就把not添。易记歌谣【语境应用】完成句子。1)刚才Sandy尝了尝汤。Sandy_____________________justnow.2)我昨晚在聚会上待到很晚。I______________atthepartylastnight.

3)他们昨天下午四点到达北京的。They______________Beijingat4:00yesterdayafternoon.tastedthesoupstayedlatearrivedin/gotto4)Cathy在母亲节给她妈妈买了一件礼物。Cathy_____________________forhermotheronMother'sDay.5)今天早上我起晚了，因此什么都没有吃。Igotuplatethismorning,soI______________.6)Bob在公共汽车上感觉很糟，因为太挤了。Bob______________onthebusbecauseitwastoocrowded.boughtagiftatefeltterriblenothing1.get—2.say—

3.have—4.be—5.tell—6.think—7.write—

8.drive—9.run—10.read—

I.写出下列单词的过去式。gotsaidhadwas,weretoldthoughtwrotedroveranreadExercises巩固练习11.see—12.stand

—

13.put

—14.eat

—

15.buy

—16.drink

—

17.sleep

—18.come

—19.play

—20.study

—

21.listen

—

sawstoodputateboughtdranksleptcameplayedstudiedlistenedA:How

yourvacation,Lin?B:It

prettygood.A:How

thebeaches?B:

They

great.A:How

theweather?B:It

hotandwet.A:How

thepeople?B:They

unfriendly.A:How

thestores?B:

They

expensive.waswaswerewerewaswaswerewerewerewereBe—am/is(was)are(were)Be填空II.用所给动词的适当形式填空。We______(live)inJapanlastyear.Jack________(stop)thecarlastSunday.Tom_______(clean)hisroomand________(study)fortheChinesetestlastweekend.4.What______you______(do)lastnight?5.OnSundaymorningI_____(play)tennis.livedstoppedcleanedstudieddiddoplayedIII.句型转换。

Lucy

did

her

homework

at

home.

（改否定句）

2.He

found

some

meat

in

the

fridge(冰箱).

（变一般疑问句)

3.She

stayed

there

for

a

week.（画线部分提问）

Lucy

didn’t

doher

homework

at

home.Didhe

findany

meat

in

the

fridge?

Howlongdidshe

stay

there?

4.ShewenttothebeachlastSunday.(变一般疑问句)5.Theystayedathomeonvacation.(就画线部分提问)DidshegotothebeachlastSunday?Wheredidtheystayonvacation?6.Theweatherwashotandhumid.(变否定句)7.Nancywenttothecinemalastnight.(改为同义句)

8.ThepeopleinNewYorkwerefriendly.(就画线部分提问)Theweatherwasn’thotorhumid.Nancywenttoseeafilmlastnight.HowwerethepeopleinNewYork?四、汉译英。1.最近每个人都很忙。2.—你假期做什么有趣的事了吗？

—是的。我去北京了。Everyoneisverybusythesedays.—Didyoudoanythingfunonyourvacation?—Yes,Idid.IwenttoBeijing.3.你假期过得怎么样？

Howwasyourvacation?4.晚上没有什么事可做，只好看书。

Therewasnothingmuchtodointheeveningbutreading.5.我给我父母买了一些礼物，却没给自己买。

Iboughtsomegiftsformyparents,butnothingformyself.1.Itwassunny.2.Ididmyhomeworkyesterday.3.SheplayedsoccerlastSunday.4.Hecleanedhisroomlastweek.

Didyoudoyourhomeworkyesterday?

DidsheplaysoccerlastSunday?

Didhecleanhishomeworklastweek?Was

itsunny?

一、改成一般疑问句巩固练习1.Itwassunny.2.Ididmyhomework

yesterday.3.Hecleanedhisroom

lastweek.4.

Theyhadasummercamplastweekend.5.Myfatherwenttothebeach

threeyearsago.6.TomandJackstudiedforthetest

threedaysago.

Ididn’t

domyhomeworkyesterday.

Hedidn’t

cleanhisroomlast

week.二、改成否定句Itwasnotsunny.

Theydidn’t

haveasummercamplast

weekend.

Myfatherdidn’t

gotothebeachthreeyears

ago.

TomandJackdidn’t

studyforthetestthreedays

ago.1.He

____here

only

a

few

minutes

_____.仅仅几分钟前他还在这里。2.I

____

home

just

____.我刚回到家。

3.I

________

very

early

this

morning.今天早晨我起床很早。4.He

________

for

school

again

today.今天他又迟到了。5.I_____myroom_____week.

上周我打扫了我的房间。6.I____myhomework_________morning.

昨天早晨我做了家庭作业。三、根据汉语完成句子，每空一词。wasagocamenowgotupwaslatecleanedlastdidyesterdayLastsummer,I______tothebeachwithmyparents.Myvacation_____prettygood.I____therebybus_____mybustrip______relaxing.Thebeach______verybeautiful.It_______sunny.I_________beachvolleyballand______swimming.Thepeople______friendlyandthefoodwas________.I__________myvacationverymuchandI_________togothereagain.wentwaswentandwaswaswasweredeliciousenjoyedhopeplayedwentWriteaboutyourvacationandgiveareport.GrammarFocusWheredidyougoonvacation?IwenttoNewYorkCity.Didyougooutwithanyone?No,Noonewashere.Everyone

wasonvacation.Didyoubuy

anythingspecial?

Yes,Ibought

somethingformyfather.No,Ibought

nothing.Howwasthefood?Everything

tastedreallygood.Did

everyonehaveagoodtime?Oh,yes,Everything

wasexcellentReadandfind动发现二复合不定代词some,any,no,every与-one,-body,-thing可以组成12个不定代词，他们分别是：某人某事任何人任何事没有人没有东西每人一切someonesomebodyanyone\anybodynoone\nobodyeveryoneeverybodysomethinganythingnothingeverything动【用法】1.观察Let’sdosomething

interesting.Didyoubuyanything

special?当形容词修饰不定代词时，应放在其____(前面/后面)。

e.g.

让我们给她不同的东西吃。Let's

give

her

something

different

to

eat

.

我有一些重要的事情告诉你。Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.巩固练习：这本书里有什么新东西吗？Isthere______________inthisbook?

今天没有什么特别的事。There’s________________today.

后面anythingnewnothingspecial动2.观察Everyoneinthisvillageisfriendly.Nobody

knowswhatthefuturewillbelike.复合不定代词作主语时，都作_____(单数/复数)看待，其谓语动词用_____________形式。相应的人称代词和物主代词用单数he,him,his(不一定指男性)。但在非正式文体中常用复数代词they,them,their.

第二部分为-thing的复合代词只能用于指物。相应的人称代词也只能用it，而不用they。

e.g.

Something____(is/are)wrongwithmywatch.

我的手表出了点毛病。Well,everyone______(want)towin.是的，每个人都想赢。

单数单数第三人称iswantsEveryoneknowsthis,doesn’the[don’tthey]?Everythingisready,isn’tit?一切都准备好了，是吗?动3.some-的复合不定代词常用于肯定句中；any-类的复合不定代词一般用于否定句或疑问句中，表示“某事；某物；某人”；也可用于肯定句或条件从句中，表示“任何东西；任何人”。e.g.Ididn’tseeanythingintheroom.DoyouknowanythingaboutEnglishlearning?IfanyoneseesLisa,askhertocallme.巩固练习：我想吃点东西。I’dlike___________toeat.今天有人给我打电话吗？Did______callmetoday?somethinganyone

但是，在Wouldyoulikesometea?这类问句中则用some,而不用any,这是因为问话者希望得到对方肯定的答复。复合不定代词是由some-，any-，no-，every-加上-one，-body，-thing等所组成的不定代词。复合不定代词包括something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, none, everything, everybody, everyone等十二个。这些复合代词具有名词性质，在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语，但不能用作定语。复合不定代词的构成某人某事任何人任何事没有人没有东西每人一切someone复合不定代词anyonenooneeveryonesomethinganythingnothingeverything指物指人复合不定代词用法例句something常用于肯定句中Youcaneatsomethingfirst.anything常用于否定句及疑问句中Ididn’teatanythingforlunch.Didyoueatanythingforlunch?用于肯定句中Youcantakeanythingyoulike.复合不定代词用法例句everything用于肯定句、否定句及疑问句中Hersoniseverythingtoher.Moneyisn’teverything.Howiseverything?nothing用于否定句，相当于notanythingIhavenothingtosaynow.=Idon’thaveanythingtosaynow.复合不定代词用法例句someone常用肯定句中Isawsomeoneinthatroom.anyone常用否定句及疑问句中Ididn’tseeanyoneintheroom.Didanyonecallmeyesterday?用肯定句中Anyonecandothat.复合不定代词用法例句everyone用于肯定句、否定句及疑问句中Everyoneisheretoday.Everyonedoesn’tlikethefoodhere.Dideveryoneinyourclassgoforatrip?noone常用于否定句中Noonewantstowalktothezoo.Let’sdosomethinginteresting.当形容词修饰不定代词时，应放其后。

e.g.

这本书里有什么新东西吗？Isthere______________inthisbook?

今天没有什么特别的事。There’s________________today.anythingnewnothingspecialEveryoneinthisvillageisfriendly.Nobodyknowswhatthefuturewillbelike.复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

e.g.

Something____(is/are)wrongwithmywatch.

我的手表出了点毛病。Well,everyone______(want)towin.

是的，每个人都想赢。iswants一般疑问句中，当问话人希望得到对方肯定回答时，要用some-类的复合不定代词；当问话人只是提出问题，对回答没有倾向性时，用any-类的复合不定代词。

a.Doyouhavesomethingtotellme?你有事要告诉我吧？b.Doyouhaveanythingtotellme?有什么事要告诉我吗？a表示说话人期望有事告诉他，b无此含义。a.Didsomebodyphonelastnight?昨晚有人来电话了吧？b.Didanybodyphonelastnight?昨晚有人来过电话吗？a意味着说话人期望或预料有人来过电话，b无此含义。no-类的复合不定代词表示否定的意义。e.g.Welookedbutsawnothing.【注意】not...anywhere=nowhere.

意为“任何地方都没有”。

如：Momcouldn’tfindherIDcardanywhere.

=MomcouldfindherIDcardnowhere.妈妈到处找不到她的身份证。【口诀】

复合代词美名扬，修饰成分后边藏。

如果它来当主语，谓语动词用单数。动3aFillintheblankswiththewordsintheboxandpracticetheconversation.Linda:Didyoudo_________funonyourvacation,Alice?Alice:Yes,Idid.IwenttoSanya.Linda:Howdidyoulikeit?Alice:Well,itwasmyfirsttimethere,so_________wasreallyinteresting.Linda:Didyougowith________?Alice:Yes,Idid.Iwentwithmysister.Linda:Didyougoshopping?Alice:Ofcourse!Ibought________formyparents,but_________formyself.

anyonesomethinganythingeverythingnothing方法指导：首先，应通读对话，掌握短文大意；其次，回顾一下复合不定代词的用法。然后，仔细阅读每个句子，根据空格前后的词语进行推敲。比如，第一句话是一个一般疑问句，空格前有do一词，可知空格处应anything一词，意为“做什么事情”。其他类似。anythingeverythinganyonesomethingnothing动自主探究1.Iboughtsomethingformyparents,butnothingformyself.___________________________________________Whydidn'tyoubuyanythingforyourself?___________________________________________myself意为_____,yourself意为_____,像这样表示“某人自己的词”叫_________。myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself我自己你自己他自己她自己它自己ourselvesyourselvesthemselves我们自己你们自己他们自己我给父母买了一些东西，但给自己什么也没买。你为什么不给自己买东西呢？我自己你自己反身代词反身代词有：动1)Didyoubuyanything

for

yourself?

你为你自己买什么东西了吗?（做介词宾语）2)Theoldman

taught

himself

English.

那位老人自学英语。（做动词宾语）3)

Thething

itselfisnotimportant.事情本身并不重要。（做同位语）4)

I

myselfvisitedmyauntlastweekend.

上周我自己去拜访了姑姑。(做同位语)

反身代词用法：动2.Howdidyoulikeit?________________________句型：Howdo/didyoulike…?意思是“_________”，相当于Whatdoyouthinkof...?，和

Howdoyoufeelabout…?意为“某人过得……怎么样？”。如：

HowdoyouliketheTVshow?=____________________theTVshow?你觉得这个电视节目怎么样？Whatdoyouthinkof你觉得它怎么样？你觉得…怎样？anythingeveryone/anyoneEverythingnothingnoone1.WheredidMarkgoonvacation?2.Howwashisvacation?3.Whatwastheonlyproblem?4.Whatdidtheydothere?anythingeveryone/anyoneEverythingnothingnoone称呼，正文结束语Whenyouwriteanemail:“Byfornow”英语口语，接近“暂时，就此”的意思，常在书信，电邮的结尾出现Therearesomeimportantimpressionsinthemessage.Theonlyproblemis/wasthat…nothingmuchtodobutreadseemtobe…Byefornow!动3.Stillnooneseemed

tobebored.

________________________________seem意为“好像；似乎；看来”，其主要用法如下：seem+(tobe)+adj.

如：Themovie___________________.这部电影似乎很有趣。seemtodosth.

如：Theboy__________nothingaboutit.这个孩似乎对它一无所知。Itseemsthat...

如:ItseemsthatMr.Zhangisathome.张先生好像在家。seemlike…“好像，似乎……”。

Itseemslikeagoodidea.它好像是个好主意。仍然没有人似乎看起来无聊。seems(tobe)interestingseemstoknow自主探究4.Theonlyproblemwasthattherewasnothingmuchtodointheeveningbutread._________________________________________

nothingmuchtodo意为“没什么事可做”。

a.Ihave____________________thisafternoon.

今天下午我没什么特殊的事可做。

b.Thereis_________________，soIgotobedearly.

没什么事可做，因此我就早早睡觉了。拓展：nothing…but…意为“除……之外什么也没有；只有”。but后可接名词或动词原形。

a.Ihadnothingbutacupofteathismorning.我今天早上只喝了杯茶。

b.IhadnothingtodobutwatchTV.我无事可做，只有看电视。nothingmuchtodonothingmuchtodo唯一的问题是晚上除了读书没什么事可做。Didyou…EveryoneSomeone(writetheclassmates’name)Nooneeatanything

atarestaurant?readanythinginteresting?visitanyoneinyourfamily?buyanything?keepadiary?Askyourgroupquestionsabouttheirlastvacation.Thentelltheclassyourresults.Inourgroup,everyoneatesomethingatarestaurant...3cInourgroup,everyoneatesomethingatarestaurant.Noonereadanythinginteresting.LiLeivisitedhisgrandparentsinthetown.LiuXueboughtsomethinginteresting.XuLikeptadiary.Nowworkbyyourselves.Thengiveyourownreportonyourgroup.Report1.YesterdayMom________mesomemoneytobuyadictionary.A.gives

B.gave C.hasgiven D.wasgiving

B一般过去时2.On

January

29th,

2020,

Zhong

Nanshanandhisteam_____over

four

hoursonline_____fivepatients

who

were

seriously

ill,

and

made

a

treatment

plan

for

those

patients.

A.

spent;

checking B.

spent;

to

check C.

spend;

checking D.

spend;

to

check

A3.Sally_______whereshehadleftthecarandthepolicefounditthismorning.A.forgotB.hasforgotten C.forgets

D.hadforgotten

4.

Ericoften______hisauntbeforehemovedtothecity.A.hasvisited B.visits C.visited

AC1.________hopesforasweethomeasitprovidesuswithwarmthandtrust.A.None B.Everyone C.Nobody D.Somebody(2020·江苏扬州中考)2.—It’sunbelievablethat5Gtechnologyisprogressinginsucharapidway!—_______isimpossible.A.SomethingB.AnythingC.NothingD.Everything(2020湖北宜昌中考)复合不定代词BC3.—Haveyouasked_________aboutthecase?—No,exceptBob.A.everybodyB.anybodyC.nobodyD.somebody

4.—Sally,Ihave_______excitingtotellyou.Wewillgobacktoschoolsoon.—Great！A.anything B.something C.everything

ABgoshopping

购物keepadiary

记日记inthecountryside

在乡下feedhens

喂母鸡*anyone,someone,everyone,noone,anything,something,everything及nothing的用法*一般过去时的用法及动词过去式的变化Ⅰ.从方框中选择合适的词语填空，使每个句子在结构、句意和逻辑上正确。1.Thereis_______inthebox.Itisempty(空的).2.____________isreadynowfortheparty.Let'sstart.3.—Isthere__________importantintoday'snews?—No,thereisn't.4.—Wouldyoulike___________toeat,Emily?—Yes.Twocakes,please.

something,everything,anything,nothingnothingEverythinganythingsomethingsomeone,everyone,anyone,noone5.—Did_______callmewhenIwasout,Alice?—Yes.Bobcalledyou.

6.I'mverybusy.Iwant_________tohelpmewithmywork.7.Thegameisverypopular.__________isinterestedinit.8.—Whohelpedyoucleantheclassroomyesterday?—_______.Ididitallbymyself.anyone

someoneEveryoneNoone动一、单项选择ClassTest1.Ihave____totellyou.A.anythinginterestingB.somethinginterestingC.interestinganything