高考英语非谓语动词复习要点课件

TheNon-PredicateVerbs非谓语动词形式非谓语动词种类非谓语动词定义在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词形式有动词不定式(theInfinitive)---todo动名词(theGerund)---doing现在分词(thePresentParticiple)---doing过去分词(thePastParticiple)---done主语宾语表语定语宾补状语不定式动名词现在分词过去分词

非谓语动词的句法功能一、作主语1.不定式Tofinishtheworkintenminutesisveryhard.动词不定式短语作主语时,常用形式主语it作形式主语Itisveryhardtofinishtheworkintenminutes.Itis+形容词(+of/forsb.)+todosth.通常用

of的词有brave,clever,careful,hopeless,silly,foolish,stupid,wise,naughty,kind,good,generous,nice,considerate,thoughtful等。Itisveryhardforthosewhohaveneverbeentothesmallvillage

todescribeitsbeauty.ItwasgenerousofRick

todonate$1,000totheHopeProject.一、作主语2.动名词Takingexerciseearlyinthemorninghasbecomepartofherretiredlife.Herecognizedthatdonatingbloodrequireslittleworkandvirtuallynopainwhilehelpingsavelives.当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。It’snousequarrellingwiththem.有时加上该动名词的执行者或承受者作其逻辑主语，逻辑主语通常是名词的所有格或形容词性的物主代词Peter’scominglatemadethepresidentangry.Yourpassingtheexamwillpleaseallyourfamily.二、作表语1.不定式Theonlydifficultyistogetmoreorchids.Heappearstohavecaughtacold.Manyproblemsstillremaintobesolved.Whathecoulddothenwas(to)findadoctor.2.动名词Theonlydifficultyisgettingmoreorchids.Oneofthewayswouldbemovingtheconcerthalltoanotherplace.二、作表语3.现在分词Thefilmbeingshowninthecinemaisexciting.Thepresentsituationisinspiring.4.过去分词Theywerefrightenedattheterriblesight.Thewindowisbroken.现在分词表“令人…”，过去分词表“感到…”amazing/amazed;confusing/confused…只用过去分词，表示状态、特点等upset,distinguished,married,experienced,crowded,unexpected…三、作宾语1.常跟不定式的动词afford,agree,aim,ask,appear,choose,dare,decide,decline,desire,determine,expect,fail,happen,hope,manage,offer,ought,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,seek,undertake,volunteer,wish,hesitate,long,bother,tend,trouble等2.常跟动名词的动词acknowledge,admit,advocate,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,face,fancy,forgive,finish,imagine,include,keep,mind,miss,pardon,postpone,practise,resist,risk,suggest,understand等Thesquirrelwassoluckythatitjustmissed___________(catch).Iwouldappreciate____________(you,call)backthisafternoon.Wehavetodosomethingtostopwildanimals___________(kill).We’reconsidering_________(practise)_________(speak)Englishinpairsafterclass.Idon’twant___________(sound)likeI'mspeakingillofanyone,butthemanager'splanisunfair.Ihadn’texpected___________(give)suchawarmwelcome.beingcaughtyourcallingbeingkilledtobegiventosoundpractisingspeaking3.两者均可，差异不大(多用todo)attempt,begin,continue,hate,intend,learn,like,love,prefer,start等4.两者均可，意义不同forget,remember,stop,regret,try,mean,can’thelp,beusedto,goon等动词Heforgot__________(tell)metoposttheletter.Ishallneverforget_______(find)thatrarestamponanordinaryenvelope.Remember_______(write)touswhenyougetthere.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped________(rest)onabigrockbythesideofthepath.towritefindingtotelltorestInsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeans_________(wait)foranotherhour.Iregret________(tell)youthatIcan’tgotoyourbirthdayparty.Theyregretted_________(agree)totheplan.Hetried_____________(pretend)toshareinthepleasurewithhisfriend.Shetried________(read)anovel,butthatcouldn’tmakeherforgethersorrow.Ididn’tmean_________(hurt)you.Afriendindeedmeans__________(help)othersfornothinginreturn.Shedidn’tremember

____________(meet)

himbefore.waitingtotellagreeingtopretendreadingtohurthelpinghavingmet9.Shecan’thelp________(clean)thehousebecauseshe’sbusymakingacake.10.Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan’thelp_____________(persuade)intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.beingpersuade(to)clean5.在SVOC句型中，用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语(不定式)后置，放在宾语补足语后面Wefeelitourdutytohelptheneedy.我发现很难与那些一贯固执己见的人合作。(…it…)Ifindithardtocooperatewiththosewhoalwayssticktotheirownopinions.他没有说清楚他回来的时间.(it)Hehasn’tmadeitclearwhenheiscomingback.6.动名词作need,want,require,beworth的宾语时，用主动式代替被动式。Thewashing-machineneedsrepairing/toberepaired.Thepointwantsreferringto.常跟动名词的短语cannotstandbeabsorbedincongratulatesb.onhavetrouble(in)preventsb.fromspendtimeormoneyinwastetimeormoneyinThereisnopointingiveupbeworthfeellikeinsistonkeeponsucceedindreamofaccusesb.ofto是介词的常用固定结构lookforwardtodevote…to/bedevotedtobe/getusedtogetdowntopayattentiontobelimitedtoamounttocontributetoleadtorefertopointtoobjecttoequaltobelongtoThelittleboyenteredtheclassroomwithout_____________(notice).Iapologizefor________________(not,keep)mypromise.Mr.Reedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto__________(setup)someschoolsforpoorchildren.Shelooksforwardeveryspringto________(walk)intheflower-linedgarden.HedidnothinglastSundaybut________(repair)hisbike.Onlyoneofthesebooksisworth________(read).settingupnothavingkeptbeingnoticedwalkingrepairreading四、宾语补足语1.主+谓+宾+todosth.want,wish,expect,desire,ask,tell,order,beg,advise,allow,permit,help,persuade,prepare,cause,force,oblige,invite,require,remind,inform,callon,waitfor,arrangefor,appealto,dependon等不用于此句型的动词：demand,suggest,hope,agree2.主+谓+宾+dosth.make,let,have,feel,hear,listento,see,lookat,watch,notice,observe等Isawhimcrosstheroad.Hewasseentocrosstheroad.四、宾语补足语3.主+谓+宾+doingsth.have,get,keep,leave,feel,hear,listento,find,see,lookat,watch,notice,observe,catch等。Canyouhearhersingingthesonginthenextroom?Hekeptthecarwaitingatthegate.4.主+谓+宾+doneIheardthesongsungseveraltimeslastweek.Heisverypopularamonghisstudentsashealwaystriestomakethem__________(interest)inhislectures.InthedreamPetersawhimself_______(chase)byafiercewolf,andhewokesuddenlywithastart.Thesalesmanscoldedthegirlcaught_______(steal)andletheroff.Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher

______(grow)

upfromchildhood.Johnwasmade_________(wash)thetruckforaweekasapunishment.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered_________________(invent)thefirstcomputer.Thepatientwaswarned__________(not,eat)

oilyfoodaftertheoperation.interestedchasedstealinggrowtowashtohaveinventednottoeat四、宾语补足语5.with复合结构—Comeon,pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject.—Sorry.Withsomuchwork_______(fill)mymind,Ialmostbreakdown.—Sorry.Withmymind_____(fill)withsomuchwork,Ialmostbreakdown.John

received

an

invitation

to

dinner,

and

with

hiswork________(finish),he

gladlyaccepted

it.Withalotofdifficultproblems________(settle),thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.fillingfilledfinishedtosettle五、定语1.不定式与所修饰名词有动宾关系：Ihaveanimportantmeeting________(attend).Thechildhasnothing______________(worry).Haveyougotanythingtobetakentoyourfather?说明所修饰名词的内容：Wehavemadeaplan____(finish)theworkthisweek.intention,promise,invitation,way,time,wish,ideachance,opportunity等被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语：Chinaisthethirdcountry______(send)amanintospace.toattendtoworryaboutto～tosend五、定语2.动名词Hecan’twalkwithoutawalking-stick.Isthereaswimmingpoolinyourschool.Thecave,hishiding-place,issecret.Hishabit,listeningtothenewsontheradio,remainsunchanged.五、定语3.现在分词单个分词做定语时，放在名词前，如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后。一般说来，havingdone,havingbeendone不作定语。Inthefollowingyearsheworkedevenharder.ThemanspeakingtotheteacherisTom’sfather.现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：inthefollowingyears也可用

intheyearsthatfollowedthemanspeaking可改为

themanwhoisspeakingTherewasaterriblenoise_________(follow)thesuddenburstoflight.Atpresent,thereisanewsupermarket____________(build)inthesouthofthetown.followingbeingbuilt五、定语4.过去分词OurclasswentonanorganizedtriplastMonday.Thoseelectedascommitteememberswillattendtomorrow’smeeting.Languageexpertsclaimthatchildren__________(expose)totheEnglish-speakingenvironmentwillpickupEnglishquickly.Lookathis___________look.Itseemsasifhehadmeta____________tiger.(frighten)exposedfrightenedfrightening请用动词build的适当形式填空:Thebeautifulhouseoverthere__________________lastyear__________________now__________________nextyearisintendedfortheagedpeople.builtbeingbuilttobebuiltTheTownHall_________(complete)inthe1800’swasthemostdistinguishedbuildingatthattime.Theoldman,_____________(work)abroadfortwentyyears,isonthewaybacktohismotherland.Sheistheonlyonetothinkthereisnoneed________(carry)outtheplan.We’relookingforwardtoattendingtheopeningceremonyoftheartfestival____________(hold)tomorrow.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor______(say)“Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.”Mostofthepeople________(invite)tothepartywerefamousscientists.Hisanxiety_________(leave)theofficewasobvious.completedhavingworkedtocarrytobeheldsayinginvitedtoleave五、状语1.不定式(1)表示目的Tokeepusingoodhealth,weshouldsparesometimetodoexerciseeveryday.Shesoldherringtobuyherhusbandapresent.注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致Wrong:Tosavemoney,everymeanshasbeentried.right:Tosavemoney,hehastriedeverymeans.Inordernottodisturbhisparents,hegotupearlyandcookedbreakfasthimself.Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident______________(not,lose)hisjob.inordernottolose(2)表示结果(常用only放在不定式前表示强调)Hearrivedattheairport,only___________(tell)theactresshadleft.ThedifferencesbetweenAmericanandBritishEnglisharesotrivialashardly____________(notice).(3)与形容词连用It’stoodarkforus________(see)anything.Thequestionissimpleforhim__________(answer).tobetoldtobenoticedtoseetoanswer五、状语2.分词Whilewatchingtelevision,____.A.thedoorbellrang

B.weheardthedoorbellrangC.thedoorbellringsD.weheardthedoorbellrings___moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.HavinggivenHedroppedtheglass,_______(break)itintopieces.

Though______(rain)heavily,itclearedupverysoon.Though_____ofthedanger,hestillriskedhislifetosavetheboy.toldbreakingraining五、状语3.独立结构Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool,theirlessons___fortheday.A.finishingB.finishedC.hadfinishedD.werefinishedThefield_______(plough),hebegantospreadseed.Time_________(permit),we’lldoanothertwoexercises.There_____(be)nobus,Ihadtowalkhome.ploughedpermittingbeing五、状语4.特殊形式作状语分词类：Generallyspeaking总的说来，Strictlyspeaking严格地说，Judgingfrom/by从…判断，Talkingof说到，Allowingfor/Considering考虑到，Counting算上，Given…考虑到…不定式类：

Totell(you)thetruth,老实说，

Tobeginwith,首先，

Tobeexact/brief,精确地说/简言之，

Toconclude,Tosumup,总而言之，

Todohimjustice,说句对他公道的话，

Tomake/cutalongstoryshort,长话短说，

Tomakemat