人教版八年级上册英语Unit1知识点梳理及语法讲义（教师版）

八年级上册英语Unit1知识点与语法精讲精练词汇梳理词汇梳理完成单词梳理：名词：1.hen母鸡2.pig猪3.diary日记；记事簿4.activity活动5.paragliding滑翔伞运动6.bird鸟7.bicycle自行车8.building建筑物；房子9.trader商人10.difference差别；差异11.top顶部；表面12.umbrella伞；雨伞13.hill小山；山丘14.duck鸭动词：1.seem好像；似乎；看来2.decide决定；选定3.wonder想知道；琢磨4.wait等待；等候代词：1.anyone任何人2.something某事；某物3.nothing没有什么4.everyone每人；人人；所有人5.myself我自己；我本人6.yourself你自己；您自己7.someone某人副词：1.anywhere在任何地方形容词：1.wonderful精彩的；绝妙的2.bored厌倦的；烦闷的3.enjoyable有乐趣的；令人愉快的4.wet湿的；潮湿的5.hungry饥饿的兼类词：1.few（adj/pron）不多；很少2.most（adj/adv/pron）最多；大多数3.try（n/v）尝试；设法；努力4.below（prep/adv）在……下面5.enough（adj/adv）足够的（地）6.dislike（v/n）不喜爱（的事物）7.as（adv）像……一样（conj）当……时；如同(二)词汇变形小结：1.wonder(v.想知道)—wonderful(adj.精彩的；绝妙的)—wonderfully(adv.精彩地)2.bore(v.使……厌烦)—bored(adj.厌倦的）—boring(adj.令人厌倦的）3.diary(n.日记)—diaries(复数)4.enjoy(v.喜爱)—enjoyable(adj.有乐趣的；令人愉快的)5.activity(n.活动)—activities(复数)6.decide(v.决定)—decision(n.决定)7.build(v.建造)—building(n.建筑物；房子)trade(n/v贸易；买卖)—trader(n.商人)9.difference(n.差别；差异)—different(adj.不同的)10.wait(v.等候；等待)—waiter(n.男服务员)—waitress(n.女服务员)11.like（v.喜欢）—dislike反义词()【练一练】用所给词的适当形式填空–Mom.Iplantowashclothesby___myself____(I)thissummervacation.Goodgirl!Goforit.Canyoutellmesome__differences___(different)betweenthetwopictures?Thestudentshavequiteafewactivities(activity)afterclass.Theycansing,danceandplaybasketball.Ithinkitwillbeaveryenjoyable(enjoy)tripforyoutotraveltoBeijing.Hiscousinisatrader(trade),sellingfruitandvegetables.TheTVshowisreallyboring(bore).Idon’twanttowatchit.Asateacher,Mr.Greenalwaystriestomakehislessons_enjoyable__(enjoy).Thisfilmis_wonderful___(wonder).Iliketoseeitverymuch.Icanlookafter__myself____(my).Don’tworryaboutme.Youmustlookafter__yourself____(you)wellwhileI'maway,Tom.(三)短语攻关：goonvacation去度假 stayathome 待在家里goout 出去quiteafew相当多；不少mostofthetime 大部分时间ofcourse 当然haveagoodtime=enjoyoneself 玩得高兴 feellike 给……的感觉；感觉像takephotos拍照；照相keepadiary写日记 buysthforsb 买某物给某人decidetodosth 决定做某事somethingimportant 重要的事 findout找出；查明inthepast 在过去 makeadifference产生影响；起作用enjoydoingsth 喜欢做某事toomany太多arriveat/in 到达becauseof因为；由于waitfor等待；等候starttodo/doingsth开始做某事知识点梳理知识点梳理1.Wetookafewphotosthere.我们在那里拍了很多照片。【用法详解】重点：quiteafew意为“相当多；不少”，相当于many，修饰可数名词复数。Eg.Quiteafewstudentstookpartinthesportsmeetingheldinourschool.很多学生参加了在我们学校举办的运动会。【拓展】quitealittle也表示“相当多；不少”，但它相当于much，修饰不可数名词Eg.Wehavequitealittlebreadforbreakfast.我们有相当多的面包作早餐。肯定意义（“有一点”）否定意义（“几乎没有”）修饰可数名词复数afewfew修饰不可数名词alittlelittle【口诀】“有a表示有一点，没a表示几乎没有”2.Ijuststayedathomemostofthetimetoreadandrelax.我大部分时间只是待在家里读书、休息。【用法详解】most在该短语中作代词，意为“最多，大多数”，mostof+可数名词复数/不可数名词，表示“……中的大多数”。Eg.MostofthestudentsinourclasslikeEnglish.我们班的大多数学生喜欢英语。【注意】mostof…做主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式与of后面的名词的单复数保持一致。【即学即用】Mostofmyfriendslike（like）popmusic.Mostofthebuildingis（be）yellow.3.Everythingtastedreallygood!所有的食物尝起来都很好吃！【用法详解】taste为感官动词，在此处作系动词，后接形容词作表语，不用于进行时。（感官动词+adj）【拓展】“五个感官动词”：【即学即用】1.—Howaboutthefruitsalad?—Yummy!IttasteveryA.Bytheway,whomadeit?A.goodB.badC.wellD.badly4.Howdidyoulikeit?你觉得它怎么样？【用法详解】Howdoyoulike...?意为“你觉得……怎么样？”，用于询问对方的观点或看法。Howdoyoulike...?=Whatdoyouthinkof...?Eg.—Howdoyoulikethisnewmovies?=Whatdoyouthinkofthisnewmovies?你觉得这部新电影怎么样？—It’swonderful！非常棒！5.Stillnooneseemedtobebored.不过似乎没有人感到厌烦。【用法详解】seem（tobe）+n/adj似乎……；好像……，用于说明主语的特征或状态【翻译句子】Themovieseemsveryinteresting.这部电影好像很有趣。【拓展延伸】seem的其他用法：（1）seemlike+n“似乎……”（2）seemtodosth.“似乎做某事”（3）Itseems/seemedthat+句子“看来好像/似乎……”【易混辨析】bored与boringbored厌倦的；烦闷的作表语，用来描述人的感受boring令人厌倦的作表语或定语，用来描述事物在英语中，形容词以ed结尾通常用来修饰人（人/物），形容词以ing结尾通常用来修饰物（人/物）如：interesting（有趣的，修饰物）interested（感兴趣的，修饰人）relaxing（令人放松的，修饰物）relaxed（放松的，修饰人）【即学即用】1.Inthefuture,robotswilldoCjobsinplaceofpeopleinordernottogetus.A.bored;bored B.boring;boring C.boring;bored D.bored;boring2.Thestudentsareso_excited__(excite)tohavesuchan_exciting___(excite)vacation.3.—Thenewmoviewasso__C____.—Yes.Ifelt________withit.A.boring;boring B.bored;bored C.boring;bored D.bored;boring4.—Therearedarkclouds,andthewindisblowinghard.—It___C___thatatyphoon(台风)ising.A.feels B.sounds C.seems D.looks6.IarrivedinPenanginMalaysiathismorningwithmyfamily.今天早上我和我的家人抵达马来西亚的槟城。【用法详解】arrive为不及物动词，后接名词时要加介词，arrive后接地点副词（here,there,home）时不用介词。arriveat+小地点（如城镇、机场、火车站等）arriveat+小地点（如城镇、机场、火车站等）arrivein+大地点（如国家、大城市等）e.g.TheyarrivedhomefromBeijingyesterday.e.g.WhenIarrivedatthestation,itwasseveno’clock.e.g.I’llphoneyouwhenIarriveinNewYork.【拓展延伸】“三个到达”：arriveat/in+地点=getto+地点=reach+地点►Myunclearrivedatmyhomeyesterday.=Myunclegottomyhomeyesterday.=Myunclereachedmyhomeyesterday.【即学即用】1.It'stoocrowedonthestreet,sotheydon'tAthehotel(旅馆)ontime.A.reachB.arriveC.getD.arrivein2.Wearrived___B____Shanghai________acoldmorning.A.in;atB.in;onC.at;onD.at;in7.Itwassunnyandhot,sowedecidedtogotothebeachnearourhotel.这里天气晴朗并且炎热，因此我们决定去旅馆附近的海滩。【用法详解】重点：decide（not）todosth决定（不）做某事，decide的名词形式为decision.【即学即用】1.Theydecided___B____ahouseinthecityafterdiscussingthepricewitheachother.A.buyB.tobuyC.buying2.Thehotelwasnotveryfar,sowedecided_towalk__(walk)there.8.MysisterandItriedparagliding.我和妹妹尝试了滑翔伞运动。【易混辨析】trytodosth与trydoingsthtrytodosth尽力做某事指努力去做trydoingsth尝试做某事含有看看某种方法是否能成功的意思，不一定付出努力e.g.Theyaretryingtosolvethisproblem.他们正在努力解决这个问题。e.g.Tomistryingsolvingthisprobleminthisway.汤姆正在尝试用这种方法解决这个问题。【即学即用】1.Thefoodisverydeliciousinthatrestaurant.WecouldgoandDit.A.sell C.produce 2.Ican'tworkitoutinthisway.Whynottrydoing(do)itanotherway?9.IfeltlikeIwasabird.我感觉自己像一只鸟。【用法详解】feellike意为“给……的感觉；感觉像”，此处的like为介词，后常接名词或从句。重点：feellike还有“想要”的意思，构成固定结构：feellikedoingsth想要做某事【拓展延伸】“三个想要”：wanttodosth=wouldliketodosth=feellikedoingsth10.Ireallyenjoyedwalkingaroundthetown.我真的很喜欢在这个镇上到处走走。【用法详解】enjoy作及物动词，意为“喜欢；享受……的乐趣”，后常接名词、代词或动词ing形式。重点：enjoydoingsth喜欢做某事enjoyoneself玩得高兴；过得愉快=haveagoodtime/havefun.【即学即用】1.Mostofusenjoy____A____toourmothersspeak,becauseourbrainsgreatlypreferthevoicesofourownmothers.A.listening B.listen C.tolisten2.EverymorningtheoldpeopleenjoyDinthesquare,singinganddancing.A.himB.themC.himselfD.themselves11.Wewaitedoveranhourforthetrainbecausethereweretoomanypeople.因为人太多，我们等了一个多小时的火车。waitwaitforsb/sth等待某人/某物waitwaitforsb/sth等待某人/某物waittodosth等着做某事can’twaittodosth迫不及待做某事【易混辨析】toomany,toomuch与muchtootoomany“太多”，后跟可数名词复数Ihavetoomanybooksonthebookshelf.toomuch“太多”，后跟不可数名词Thereistoomuchiceontheroad.muchtoo“太……”，后跟形容词或副词It’smuchtoocoldoutside.【即学即用】MycousinisCheavybecauseheofteneatsfastfood.A.toomuch;toomany B.toomany;toomuch C.muchtoo;toomuch D.toomuch;muchtoo12.Andbecauseofthebadweather,wecouldn’tseeanythingbelow.并且因为天气不好，我们看不到下面的任何风景。【易混辨析】重点：because与becauseofbecause“因为”连词，because+句子，because不能与so同时出现在一个句子中becauseof“因为；由于”，介词短语，because+名词/代词/短语Eg.Theboyisunhappybecausehehasnofriends.这个男孩不开心，因为他没有朋友。Iliketheboybecauseofhiskindnature.我喜欢这个男孩，因为他天性善良。【即学即用】1.Ididn’tgotothemountains___B____thebadweather. B.becauseof 2.ThetrafficwasverybadBthesnowstorm.

A.because B.becauseof 13.Myfatherdidn’tbringenoughmoney,soweonlyhadonebowlofriceandsomefish.我的爸爸没有带足够的钱，因此我们只吃了一碗米饭和一些鱼肉。名前形副后enough+名词形容词/副词+enough名前形副后enough+名词形容词/副词+enough足够的钱enoughmoney足够漂亮beautifulenough重点：【即学即用】1.CathycheckedherpaperDsothatshecouldgetgoodgradesthistime.

A.carefulenoughB.enoughcarefulC.enoughcarefully D.carefullyenough2.Itwas___C____forustosolvethemathproblem.Fewofuscouldevenunderstandit.A.easyenough B.enougheasy C.difficultenough D.enoughdifficult14.Whatadifferenceadaymakes!一天的差异真大呀！【用法详解】difference可以作可数名词，也可以作不可数名词，形容词形式为different.makeadifference表示“产生影响；起作用”【拓展延伸】【即学即用】Canyoutellmesomedifferences(different)betweenthetwopictures?课堂小测一、单项选择1.Whatbadweatheritwas!WedecidedB.

A.togoout B.nottogooutC.tonotgoout D.notgoingout2.Therearedarkclouds,andthewindisblowingstrongly.ItCthatatyphoon（台风）ising.A.feels B.sounds C.seems D.smells3.Onlineshoppingsavesalotoftimebecausepeopledon’thavetoCinline.A.call B.ask C.wait D.leave4.Weenjoyed___D___attheEnglishpartylastweekend.A.us B.our C.ours D.ourselves5.—Haveyoueverseenthe3Dfilm?—Yes.Itcanmakeyou___D____beingintherealsituation.A.growup B.lookover C.showup D.feellike6.Youshouldtake__B___umbrellawithyouinEngland,evenon_______sunnyday.A.a;a B.an;a C.a;anD.an;an7.—MaybeIcan’tpasstheEnglishtestthistime,Mum.—Don’tworry.Believein___C____.8.Ihada___A____triptoDalianlastyear.It’sanicecitytovisit.9.Bobenjoys___C____jokesandalwayshopes________usmorepleasure.A.totell;tobringB.tells;bringC.telling;tobringD.telling;bringing10.Ifinishedmywork__B___becauseIhad______.A.goodenough;enoughtimeB.wellenough;enoughtimeC.goodenough;timeenoughD.enoughgood;enoughtime11.Thisproblemistoohard,so__B___studentscanworkitout.A.littleB.fewC.alittleD.afew12.—Whatareyougoingtodothisweekend?—Idon’t__C___havingatrip.I______toplaywithmyfriends.A.feellike;.looklikeB.soundlike;wouldlikeC.feellike;wouldlikeD.soundlike;feellike13.Hecan’tgotoworktoday___B___hisillness.A.becauseB.becauseofC.butD.and14.___D____didyou________thesummervacation?Itwasterrible.Ihavetoomuchhomeworktodo.A.What;think B.How,liked C.How;thinkof D.How;feelabout15.—HaveyoueverreadthebookHarryPotter?—Yes,andIthinkit’svery___B____.Iwanttoreaditagain.A.boring B.exciting C.bored D.excited二、用所给词的适当形式填空1.Ilikedoingsomeoutdoor__activities___(activity)onweekends.2.Therearemanydifferences(different)betweenthem.3.Therearesome__ducks____(duck)intheriverofthevillage,soIliketostayhere.4.Ithinkthemovieisverywonderful(wonder).5.There___are___(be)quiteafewstudentsinthelibrarythatday.6.Canyoufinda__difference___(different)betweenthetwopictures?7.Listeningtosomemusiccanhelpyou__relax____(relaxing).8.Lastweekwewenttotwofamous__beaches____(beach).9.Herfriendenjoys__doing___(do)morningexerciseseveryday.10.Mymomwantsme__todrink___(drink)milkeveryday.完形填空Lastsummer,myfamilyandIwenttoEnglandandwespenttwoweeksinCornwall.It_____1_____usfivehourstogettherebycar.We_____2_____inahotelnearalake.Wedidalotofdifferentthingsthere:Wewentforlongwalks,playedgames,wentshoppingandswam_____3_____thelake.Iplayedhappilyatfirst,butthensomething_____4_____happened.OnemorningIwenttotheforestnearthehotelby_____5_____.Iwalkedandwalked.Iwatchedthebirdsandtooksome_____6_____ofthem.WhenIgothungry,Iwantedtogobacktothehotel._____7_____Icouldn’tfindthewayback.Itrieddifferentways.However,atlastIwas_____8_____inthesameplace.“Oh,God!WhatshouldIdo?I’msoafraid!”Ithought.Lateritstartedtorain.Ididn’thavea(n)_____9_____soIwaswetandcold.I_____10_____tostayunderatreeandwaitedformyparents.Afterafewhourstheyfoundme.ItwasdarkandIwascold,hungryandscared.Iwillnevergototheforestagain.（B）1.A.got B.took C.showed D.looked（A）2.A.stayed B.worked C.studied D.played（C）3.A.of B.on C.in D.from（C）4.A.InterestingB.boring C.terrible D.important（A）5.A.myself B.yourself C.himself D.ourselves（B）6.A.orders B.photos C.lessons D.books（C）7.A.And B.Or C.But D.So（A）8.A.still B.yet C.once D.also（C）9.A.swing B.gift C.umbrella D.bag（C）10.A.liked B.helped C.decided D.worked语法精讲语法精讲一、复合不定代词一、语法概述复合不定代词是由some,any,no,every加上body,one,thing构成的不定代词。二、常见的复合不定代词some类any类no类every类bodysomebody某人；有人anybody任何人nobody没有人everybody每人；所有人onesomeone某人；有人anyone任何人noone没有人everyone每人；所有人thingsomething某事；某物anything任何事物nothing没有什么everything每件事；一切Eg.Someoneiswaitingforyou.有人在等你。（作主语）Ihavenothingtosay.我没什么可说的。（作宾语）Hersoniseverythingforher.对她来说，儿子就是一切。（作表语）三、复合不定代词的考点（重点）【考点1】复合不定代词作主语复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。（be动词的单数是is，实义动词的单数是第三人称单数形式）【即学即用】1.Everyonewants（want）tohavealongholiday.2.Everyone__C___anEnglishstorybook.A.have B.arehaving C.has D.ishave【考点2】复合不定代词被定语修饰复合不定代词若被定语（形容词、不定式todo、else等）修饰，定语要后置。常考点：形容词修饰复合不定代词时，形容词要后置（“复合不定代词+形容词”）Eg.Thereissomethingimportantintoday’snewspaper.今天的报纸上有一些重要的信息。Doyouhaveanythingtosay?你有什么要说的吗？Asksomebodyelsetohelpyou.另请个人来帮你吧。【即学即用】1.MrsBrownisnice.EverydayshetriedtocookAformeduringmystayinCanada.A.somethingdifferent B.differentsomethingC.nothingdifferent D.differenteverything2.—Didyoubuy___B____?—No,Iboughtnothing.A.somethingspecial B.anythingspecial C.specialsomething D.specialanything【考点3】some类和any类复合不定代词的用法区别肯定句Eg.Thereissomethingwrongwithmybike.我的自行车出问题了。注意：any类复合不定代词也可用于肯定句，表示“随便哪个……”否定句和疑问注意：any类复合不定代词也可用于肯定句，表示“随便哪个……”Eg.Isthereanyoneathome?家里有人吗？委婉请求并希望得到对方的肯定回答的疑问句中要用some类复合不定代词Eg.Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?你想要喝点什么吗？【即学即用】1.—Doyouneedmetodo__C___tohelpyouwiththemeeting?—Thanks,but______isready.A.something;somethingB.anything;nothingC.anything;everythingD.everything;nothing2.Isthere___C____intoday’snewspaper?A.somethinginteresting B.interestingsomethingC.anythinginteresting D.interestinganything二、反身代词一、语法概述反身代词常表示“某人自己”，在人称代词宾格或形容词性物主代词后加self（单数）/selves（复数）构成反身代词。八个反身代词第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myself我自己yourself你自己himselfherselfitself他自己她自己它自己复数ourselves我们自己yourselves你们自己themselves他们自己三、反身代词的用法1.反身代词多用于动词或介词后作宾语，表示“某人自己”Eg.Helearnedtorideabicyclebyhimself.他自己学会了骑自行车。2.反身代词应与它所指代的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。Eg.In1955,WaltDisneyhimselfopenedthefirstDisneyPark.在1955年，沃尔特·迪士尼自己开了第一个迪士尼公园。3.反身代词常考短语：►byoneself独自►enjoyoneself玩得开心►lookafteroneself照顾自己►helponeselfto随便吃,随便用►teachoneself自学【即学即用】Couldyouhelpmecleanthefloor？Ican'tdoit__myself___(I)．Youmustlookafter__yourself____(you)wellwhileI'maway,Tom.Yoursisteristooyoung,soshecan’tgotoschoolbyherself(she).三、一般过去时一、语法概述一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态；也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。常与yesterday,lastnight/week/month/year,justnow,...ago等表示过去的时间状语连用。二、一般过去时的句式结构句子类型含be动词含行为动词肯定句主语+was/were+其他主语+动词过去式+其他否定句主语+was/were+not+其他主语+didn’t+动词原形+其他一般疑问句及其回答Was/Were+主语+其他？肯定回答：Yes,主语+was/were.否定回答：No,主语+wasn’t/weren’t.Did+主语+动词原形+其他？肯定回答：Yes,主语+did.否定回答：No,主语+didn’t.【即学即用】句式转换：1.IwasinBeijinglastmonth.（改为否定句）IwasnotinBeijinglastmonth.2.IwenttoShanghailastFriday.（改为否定句）Ididn’tgotoShanghailastFriday.3.Shewasastudentfouryearsago.（改为一般疑问句并作否定回答）Wassheastudentfouryearsago?否定回答：No,shewasn’t.4.Hestartedtoplaybasketballwhenhewassixyearsold.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答）Didhestarttoplaybasketballwhenhewassixyearsold?肯定回答：Yes,hedid.三、动词变过去式的规则（一）规则变化类别构成方法例词一般情况加edplay—played以e结尾的动词加dlike—liked以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词变y为i，再加edstudy—studied以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词（辅+元+辅）双写末尾辅音字母再加edstop—stopped不规则变化：不规则动词的过去式变化需要特殊记忆，大致分为以下几种：类别例词过去式和原形一样cut→cutread→read/red/put→put中间元音变化iaswim→swambegin→begansit→satioride→rodedrive→drovewrite→wroteo/aedraw→drewthrow→threwgrow→grew过去式以ought和aught结尾bring→broughtteach→taughtcatch→caught结尾的d变为tbuild→builtspend→spentsend→sent含有双写字母的词，将双写改为单写，在词尾加tfeel→feltkeep→keptsmell→smelt语法小测一、单项选择1.—Lookatmynewsmartphone.—Wow,it’ssocool!Whenandwhere___C____you________it?A.do;buy B.have;bought C.did;buy D.have;had2.—WhereATinagoonvacationlastsummer?—ShetoHainan.A.did;went B.does;went C.did;go D.do;go3.—DidyouBlastweek?.—Yes,IwenttoDalianwithmyparents.A.gosomewhereinterestingB.goanywhereinterestingC.gointerestinganywhereD.gotoanywhereinteresting4.—Sheistoobusytohelpusfinishthework—Let’sdoitD.5.Don’taskwhatthiscountrycandoforyou.Ask___A____whatyoucandoforthiscountry.6.She___C___meherquestion,butIcan’trememberitnow.A.tellsB.willtellC.toldD.istelling7.—Wheredidyougoonvacation?—We___C____toHefei.A.amgoing B.willgo C.went D.go8.Haveyouseenmymobilephone,Sam?Ican’tfindit___D____.9.LinglingandI____C_____toLaoSheTeahouselastnight.A.go B.aregoing C.went D.willgo10.—Don’tplaygamesanymore.There’s____A____foryou.—OK,Mom.A.nothinguseful B.usefulnothing C.somethingusefulD.usefulsometh