土木工程专业英语词汇(整理版)

#钢筋rebar第一部分必须掌握，第二部分尽量掌握第一部分：FiniteElementMethod有限单元法专业英语SpecialtyEnglish水利工程HydraulicEngineering土木工程CivilEngineering地下工程UndergroundEngineering岩土工程GeotechnicalEngineering道路工程Road(Highway)Engineering桥梁工程BridgeEngineering隧道工程TunnelEngineering工程力学EngineeringMechanics交通工程TrafficEngineering港口工程PortEngineering安全性safety17木结构timberstructure砌体结构masonrystructure混凝土结构concretestructure钢结构steelstructure钢-混凝土复合结构steelandconcretecompositestructure素混凝土plainconcrete钢筋混凝土reinforcedconcrete预应力混凝土pre-stressedconcrete静定结构staticallydeterminatestructure超静定结构staticallyindeterminatestructure桁架结构trussstructure空间网架结构spatialgridstructure近海工程offshoreengineering静力学statics运动学kinematics动力学dynamics简支梁simplysupportedbeam固定支座fixedbearing36弹性力学elasticity塑性力学plasticity弹塑性力学elaso-plasticity断裂力学fractureMechanics土力学soilmechanics水力学hydraulics流体力学fluidmechanics固体力学solidmechanics集中力concentratedforce压力pressure静水压力hydrostaticpressure均布压力uniformpressure体力bodyforce重力gravity线荷载lineload弯矩bendingmomenttorque扭矩应力stress应变stain正应力normalstress剪应力shearingstress主应力principalstress变形deformation内力internalforce偏移量挠度deflectionsettlement沉降屈曲失稳buckle轴力axialforce允许应力allowablestress疲劳分析fatigueanalysis梁beam壳shell板plate桥bridge桩pile主动土压力activeearthpressure被动土压力passiveearthpressure承载力load-bearingcapacity水位waterHeight位移displacement结构力学structuralmechanics材料力学materialmechanics经纬仪altometer79水准仪level学科discipline子学科sub-discipline期刊journal,periodical文献literatureISSNInternationalStandardSerialNumber国际标准刊号ISBNInternationalStandardBookNumber国际标准书号卷volume期number88专著monograph会议论文集Proceeding学位论文thesis,dissertation专利patent档案档案室archive国际学术会议conference导师advisor学位论文答辩defenseofthesis博士研究生doctoratestudent研究生postgraduateEIEngineeringIndex工程索引SCIScienceCitationIndex科学引文索引100ISTPIndextoScienceandTechnologyProceedings科学技术会议论文集索引题目title摘要abstract全文full-text参考文献reference105联络单位、所属单位affiliation主题词Subject关键字keywordASCEAmericanSocietyofCivilEngineers美国土木工程师协会FHWAFederalHighwayAdministration联邦公路总署110ISOInternationalStandardOrganization解析方法analyticalmethod数值方法numericalmethod计算computation说明书instruction第二部分：岩土工程专业词汇geotechnicalengineering岩土工程foundationengineering基础工程soil,earth土soilmechanics土力学cyclicloading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelasticfoundation粘弹性地基viscousdamping粘滞阻尼shearmodulus剪切模量soildynamics土动力学stresspath应力路径numericalgeotechanics数值岩土力学二.土的分类1.residualsoil残积土groundwaterlevel地下水位2.groundwater地下水groundwatertable地下水位3.clayminerals粘土矿物4.secondaryminerals次生矿物5.landslides滑坡6.boreholecolumnarsection钻孔柱状图7.engineeringgeologicinvestigation工程地质勘察8.boulder漂石9.cobble卵石10.gravel砂石11.gravellysand砾砂12.coarsesand粗砂13.mediumsand中砂14.finesand细砂15.siltysand粉土16.clayeysoil粘性土17.clay粘土18.siltyclay粉质粘土19.silt粉土20.sandysilt砂质粉土21.clayeysilt粘质粉土22.saturatedsoil饱和土23.unsaturatedsoil非饱和土24.fill(soil)填土25.overconsolidatedsoil超固结土26.normallyconsolidatedsoil正常固结土27.underconsolidatedsoil欠固结土28.zonalsoil区域性土29.softclay软粘土30.expansive(swelling)soil膨胀土31.peat泥炭32.loess黄土33.frozensoil冻土24.degreeofsaturation饱和度25・dryunitweight干重度26・moistunitweight湿重度45・ISSMGE=InternationalSocietyforSoilMechanicsandGeotechnicalEngineering国际土力学与岩土工程学会四四.渗透性和渗流24.long-termtransientload长期荷载25.reducedload折算荷载26.settlement沉降27.deformation变形Darcy'slaw达西定律2.piping管涌3.flowingsoil流土4.sandboiling砂沸5.flownet流网6.seepage渗透（流）7.leakage渗流8.seepagepressure渗透压力permeability渗透性seepageforce渗透力hydraulicgradient水力梯度12.coefficientofpermeability渗透系数五.地基应力和变形1・softsoil软土2・（negative）skinfrictionofdrivenpile打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effectivestress有效应力4.totalstress总应力fieldvaneshearstrength十字板抗剪强度6.lowactivity低活性7.sensitivity灵敏度8・triaxialtest三轴试验9.foundationdesign基础设计recompaction再压缩11.bearingcapacity承载力12・soilmass土体13・contactstress（pressure）接触应力（压力）concentratedload集中荷载15.asemi-infiniteelasticsolid半无限弹性体16.homogeneous均质17.isotropic各向同性18.stripfooting条基19.squarespreadfooting方形独立基础20・underlyingsoil（stratum.strata）下卧层（土）21.deadload=sustainedload恒载持续荷载22.liveload活载23・short-termtransientload短期瞬时荷载28・casing套管29・dike=dyke堤（防）30・clayfraction粘粒粒组31・physicalproperties物理性质32・subgrade路基33・well-gradedsoil级配良好土34・poorly-gradedsoil级配不良土35・normalstresses正应力36・shearstresses剪应力37・principalplane主平面38・major（intermediate・minor）principalstress最大（中、最小）主应力39・Mohr-Coulombfailurecondition摩尔-库仑破坏条件40・FEM=finiteelementmethod有限元法41・limitequilibriummethod极限平衡法42・porewaterpressure孑L隙水压力43・preconsolidationpressure先期固结压力44・modulusofcompressibility压缩模量45・coefficentofcompressibility压缩系数46・compressionindex压缩指数47・swellingindex回弹指数48・geostaticstress自重应力49・additionalstress附加应力50.totalstress总应力51.finalsettlement最终沉降52・slipline滑动线六・基坑开挖与降水1excavation开挖（挖方）2dewatering（基坑）降水3failureoffoundation基坑失稳bracingoffoundationpit基坑围护bottomheave=basalheave（基坑）底隆起retainingwall挡土墙7pore-pressuredistribution孑压分布8dewateringmethod降低地下水位法9wellpointsystem井点系统（轻型）10deepwellpoint深井点11vacuumwellpoint真空井点12bracedcuts支撑围护13bracedexcavation支撑开挖14bracedsheeting支撑挡板七.深基础--deepfoundation1.pilefoundation桩基础1）cast-in-place灌注桩divingcastingcast-in-placepile沉管灌注桩boredpile钻孔桩special-shapedcast-in-placepile机控异型灌注桩pilessetintorock嵌岩灌注桩rammedbulbpile夯扩桩2）belledpierfoundation钻孔墩基础drilled-pierfoundation钻孔扩底墩under-reamedboredpier3）precastconcretepile预制混凝土桩4）steelpile钢桩steelpipepile钢管桩steelsheetpile钢板桩5）prestressedconcretepile预应力混凝土桩prestressedconcretepipepile预应力混凝土管桩2.caissonfoundation沉井（箱）3・diaphragmwall地下连续墙截水墙4.frictionpile摩擦桩5.end-bearingpile端承桩shaft竖井；桩身7・waveequationanalysis波动方程分析8・pilecaps承台（桩帽）9・bearingcapacityofsinglepile单桩承载力10・lateralpileloadtest单桩横向载荷试验11・ultimatelateralresistanceofsinglepile单桩横向极限承载力12・staticloadtestofpile单桩竖向静荷载试验13・verticalallowableloadcapacity单桩竖向容许承载力14・lowpilecap低桩承台15・high-risepilecap高桩承台16・verticalultimateupliftresistanceofsinglepile单桩抗拔极限承载力17・silentpiling静力压桩18・upliftpile抗拔桩19・anti-slidepile抗滑桩20・pilegroups群桩21・efficiencyfactorofpilegroups群桩效率系数（n）22・efficiencyofpilegroups群桩效应23・dynamicpiletesting桩基动测技术24・finalset最后贯入度25・dynamicloadtestofpile桩动荷载试验26・pileintegritytest桩的完整性试验27・pilehead=butt桩头28.piletip=pilepoint=piletoe桩端（头）29・pilespacing桩距30・pileplan桩位布置图31・arrangementofpiles=pilelayout桩的布置32・groupaction群桩作用33・endbearing=tipresistance桩端阻34・skin（side）friction=shaftresistance桩侧阻35・pilecushion桩垫36・piledriving（byvibration）（振动）打桩37・pilepullingtest拔桩试验38.pileshoe桩靴39・pilenoise打桩噪音40・pilerig打桩机九・固结consolidation1・Terzzaghi'sconsolidationtheory太沙基固结理论2・Barraon'sconsolidationtheory巴隆固结理论3・Biot'sconsolidationtheory比奥固结理论4・overconsolidationration（OCR）超固结比5.overconsolidationsoil超固结土effectivestressfailureenvelop有效应力破坏包线excessporewaterpressure超孔压力multi-dimensionalconsolidation多维固结8.one-dimensionalconsolidation一维固结primaryconsolidation主固结secondaryconsolidation次固结degreeofconsolidation固结度12.consolidationtest固结试验13.consolidationcurve固结曲线14.timefactorTv时间因子coefficientofconsolidation固结系数preconsolidationpressure前期固结压力principleofeffectivestress有效应力原理consolidationunderK0conditionK0固结十.抗剪强度shearstrength1.undrainedshearstrength不排水抗剪强度residualstrength残余强度3.long-termstrength长期强度4.peakstrength峰值强度5.shearstrainrate剪切应变速率6.dilatation剪胀effectivestressapproachofshearstrength剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法8.totalstressapproachofshearstrength抗剪强度总应力法9.Mohr-Coulombtheory莫尔－库仑理论10.angleofinternalfriction内摩擦角11.cohesion粘聚力12.failurecriterion破坏准则13.vanestrength十字板抗剪强度unconfinedcompression无侧限抗压强度effectivestressstrengthparameter有效应力强度参数十一.本构模型--constitutivemodelelasticmodel弹性模型2.nonlinearelasticmodel非线性弹性模型elastoplasticmodel弹塑性模型4.viscoelasticmodel粘弹性模型5・boundarysurfacemodel边界面模型6.Duncan-Changmodel邓肯－张模型7.rigidplasticmodel刚塑性模型8.capmodel盖帽模型9.worksoftening加工软化10.workhardening加工硬化Cambridgemodel剑桥模型12.idealelastoplasticmodel理想弹塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulombyieldcriterion莫尔－库仑屈服准则yieldsurface屈服面elastichalf-spacefoundationmodel弹性半空间地基模型16.elasticmodulus弹性模量17.Winklerfoundationmodel文克尔地基模型十二.地基承载力--bearingcapacityoffoundationsoil1.punchingshearfailure冲剪破坏2.generalshearfailure整体剪切破化3.localshearfailure局部剪切破坏stateoflimitequilibrium极限平衡状态criticaledgepressure临塑荷载stabilityoffoundationsoil地基稳定性7・ultimatebearingcapacityoffoundationsoil地基极限承载力8.allowablebearingcapacityoffoundationsoil地基容许承载力十三.土压力--earthpressure1.activeearthpressure主动土压力2.passiveearthpressure被动土压力3.earthpressureatrest静止土压力Coulomb'searthpressuretheory库仑土压力理论Rankine'searthpressuretheory朗金土压力理论十四.土坡稳定分析--slopestabilityanalysis1.angleofrepose休止角2.Bishopmethod毕肖普法3.safetyfactorofslope边坡稳定安全系数4.Felleniusmethodofslices费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedishcirclemethod瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slicesmethod条分法十五.挡土墙--retainingwall1.stabilityofretainingwall挡土墙稳定性foundationwall基础墙3.counterretainingwall扶壁式挡土墙4.cantileverretainingwall悬臂式挡土墙5.cantileversheetpilewall悬臂式板桩墙gravityretainingwall重力式挡土墙anchoredplateretainingwall锚定板挡土墙anchoredsheetpilewall锚定板板桩墙十六.板桩结构物--sheetpilestructure1.steelsheetpile钢板桩2.reinforcedconcretesheetpile钢筋混凝土板桩steelpiles钢桩4.woodensheetpile木板桩5.timberpiles木桩十七.浅基础--shallowfoundation1.boxfoundation箱型基础2.mat(raft)foundation片筏基础3.stripfoundation条形基础4.spreadfooting扩展基础5.compensatedfoundation补偿性基础6.bearingstratum持力层7.rigidfoundation刚性基础8.flexiblefoundation柔性基础embeddeddepthoffoundation基础埋置深度netfoundationpressure基底附加应力structure-foundation-soilinteractionanalysis上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析十八.土的动力性质--dynamicpropertiesofsoils1.dynamicstrengthofsoils动强度2.wavevelocitymethod波速法3.materialdamping材料阻尼geometricdamping几何阻尼5.dampingratio阻尼比6.initialliquefaction初始液化7.naturalperiodofsoilsite地基固有周期dynamicshearmodulusofsoils动剪切模量9.dynamicma二十.地基基础抗震1.earthquakeengineering地震工程2.soildynamics土动力学3.durationofearthquake地震持续时间4・earthquakeresponsespectrum地震反应谱5.earthquakeintensity地震烈度6.earthquakemagnitude震级7・seismicpredominantperiod地震卓越周期8・maximumaccelerationofearthquake地震最大加速度二十一・室内土工实验1・highpressureconsolidationtest高压固结试验2・consolidationunderK0cond