Unit 2 Onwards and upwards 知识点课件-2023-2024学年高中英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第一册

选修一

Unit

2Onwards

and

upwordsSectionⅠStartingout&Understandingideas重点单词debtn.债务,欠款Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalosingstruggleagainstdebtandmisfortune.(2019·天津卷,阅读理解D)他成年后的大部分时间都在与债务和不幸作着失败的斗争。完成句子①我得在离开该国前还清所有债务。Ineedto

beforeIleavethecountry.

②以前她穷的时候欠了债,可是自从富了以后她就不再负债了。She

whenshewaspoor,

butshe_________________

sinceshegotrich.

payoffallmydebtswasindebthasbeenoutofdebt

inform[课本义]v．通知，告知[增补义]v．对……有影响；了解，熟悉

Inaround80A.D.,theRomansbuilttheColosseum,

whichremainstheworld’sbestknownstadiumandcontinuestoinformcontemporarydesign.(2021·全国乙卷,阅读理解A)大约在公元80年,罗马人建造了斗兽场,它仍然是世界上最著名的体育场,并继续影响当代设计。informsbofsth告知某人某事informsbthat/wh-...通知某人……informedadj.有学问的;见闻广的keepsbinformed

of...使某人了解……informationn.消息;资讯单句语法填空①WilliamHastieoncesuggestedthathistoryinformsus_______pastmistakesfromwhichwecanlearnwithoutrepeatingthem.(2021·天津卷,单项填空)

②Everynightitgoesontheweb,keepingparentsandtheworld

__________(inform)ofthehappeningsatPali.(2020·新高考全国Ⅱ卷,阅读A)

ofinformed③Lancomtrainsyourbraintolearnefficiently,

soyouabsorbmore_________(inform)whileintheappandcontinuelearningoutsideofit.(2020·北京卷,阅读理解A)

完美写作——应用文佳句④____________________________________(我很荣幸地通知你)youhavewonfirstprizeinthecompetition．informationIhavethehonourtoinformyouthatguarantee[课本义]v．保证；确保[增义]v．担保n．保证(书)；担保(物)；保修(单)；抵押品WhileQueenslandRailmakeseveryefforttoensuretrainsrunasscheduled,

therecanbenoguaranteeofconnectionsbetweentrainsorbetweentrainservicesandbusservices.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷,阅读理解A)虽然昆士兰铁路公司尽一切努力确保列车按计划运行,但无法保证列车之间或列车服务与公共汽车服务之间的连接。guaranteesbsth向某人保证某事guaranteetodosth/that...保证/担保做某事;确保……beguaranteedtodosth肯定会做某事givesbaguaranteethat...向某人保证……underguarantee在保修期内单句语法填空①Iguarantee

(be)heretomorrow.

Trustme!

②Canyougivemeaguarantee

theworkwillbefinishedontime?

③Iboughtthecarsixmonthsagoandthereforeit’sstill

__________guarantee.

tobethatunderdelightedadj.愉快的,高兴的AndofficialsatPortLympneweredelightedwiththenewarrival,especiallyasblackrhinosareknownforbeingdifficulttobreedincaptivity(圈养).(2021·全国甲卷,阅读理解B)林姆尼港的官员们对这头新犀牛的到来感到高兴,特别是因为黑犀牛以难以圈养繁殖而闻名。（1）bedelighted

todosth很高兴做某事bedelightedthat...很高兴……bedelighted

at/by/with对……感到高兴（2）delightfuladj．令人愉快的；讨人喜欢的（3）delightn.快乐,高兴;令人高兴的事,乐事v.使高兴,使愉快toone’sdelight=tothedelightofsb令某人高兴的是takedelightin(doing)...以(做)……为乐单句语法填空①

ourdelight,

hewonagoldmedalagainattheOlympicGames.

②Tomtakesdelight

helpingthoseinneed.

③Obviouslywe’reallabsolutelydelighted

(welcome)anothercalftoourblackrhinofamily.(2021·全国甲卷,阅读理解B)

Tointowelcome课文呈现P14WeRegrettoInformYou...1.“Weregrettoinformyou...”Thesearethe

wordsthateverywriterdreadsreceiving,but

wordseverywriterknowswell.···dread/dred/v.畏惧,惧怕dreaddoingsth.害怕做某事Theresponse

fromapublishercomesbackandthewriter

eagerlyopensandreadsit,theirheartssinkingwhentheyreachthatfinalsentence.

···responsen.回答,答复;回应respondv.回答,回应,做出反应“theirheartssinking”是“名词+v.-ing”构成的独立主格结构,作伴随状语Youmay

havespentyearsgiving

upyourweekendsand

freetimetowriteyourlife‘swork,yetstillthisis

oftennotenough.

····Everyoneknowsthatsuccessrarelyhappensovernight,butperhapsnot

manyknowthatalotofhighlysuccessfulwriters

havepreviouslyfacedrejection.rarely/ˈreəli/adv.很少,难得rareadj.罕见的,稀有的overnight/ˌəʊvəˈnaɪt/adv.突然,一下子rejection/rɪˈdʒekʃ(ə)n/n.拒绝,否决rejectvt.拒绝,抵制2.Takeforexample

J.K.Rowling.When

shereceivedherfirstrejectionletter,shedecided

thatitmeantshenowhadsomethingincommon

with

herfavouritewriters,andstuckiton

her

kitchenwall.

···take...forexample以……为例stick...on...把……贴到……上Rowlinghadspentyearssurviving

on

littlemoney,spendingallhertimewriting.

····surviveon...靠……维持生活Whenshefinallyfinishedherfirstbook,she

receivedcommentsfrompublishersalongthe

linesof“toodifficultforchildren”,“toolong”,“Childrenwouldnotbeinterestedinit”.

···alongthelinesof...这一类的,类似的Nevertheless,she

persevered.“Iwasn‘t

goingtogiveupuntileverysinglepublisher

turnedmedown,butIoftenfearedthatwouldhappen,”shelaterposted.···nevertheless/ˌnevəðəˈles/adv.然而,不过persevere/ˌpɜːsɪˈvɪə/v.锲而不舍,坚持不懈perseverancen.不屈不挠,坚持不懈Afteratotaloftwelve

rejections,onepublishereventuallyagreedto

print500copiesofherfirstbook,andaswe

know,HarryPotterbecameaglobalsuccess,withover400millionbookssoldandtranslated

intomorethanseventydifferentlanguages.3.Alltoooften

writersofgreatworkshave

hadtofacecriticismalongwith

rejection.···alltoooften(=onlytoooften)有太多时候,太过频繁criticism/ˈkrɪtɪsɪz(ə)m/n.[U,C]批评,指责criticisevt.&vi.批评criticaladj.批评的,挑剔的criticallyadv.批判性地J.D.Salingerstartedwritingshortstoriesin

highschool,butlaterstruggled

togethis

workspublished.

···struggletodo努力做struggletoone

sfeet挣扎着站起来get/havesth.done(让别人)做某事;让某事被做“Wefeelthatwedon‘t

knowthecentralcharacterwellenough”was

thecriticismhereceivedonhismanuscript

forTheCatcherintheRye.

···manuscript/ˈmænjʊskrɪpt/n.手稿,底稿J.D.Salinger

refused

togiveup.EvenwhenservingintheUSArmyduringtheSecondWorldWar,he

carriedsixchaptersofTheCatcherintheRye

withhimandworkedonthenovelthroughouthiswarservice.···Whenitwaseventually

published,thebookbecameanimmediate

best-seller

andwentontosellmillionsandmillionsofcopies.

4.

Perhapstheoverallprizefor

perseveranceshouldgotothreesisters

fromVictorianEnglandwhodreamtof

seeing

theirwordsinprint.

···inprint已刊印,已出版This,however,wasatimewhenwomenwere

notencouragedtobecomewriters.···.As

thethen

PoetLaureate

,Robert

Southey,wrotetooneofthem:

“Literaturecannotbethebusinessofawoman‘slife,anditoughtnottobe.”···thenadj.当时的then作形容词时只用于名词前。PoetLaureate桂冠诗人laureate/ˈlɔːriət/n.重要奖项获得者Nevertheless,thesistersdidn‘tstop

trying.Theirresponsewastowriteabookofpoemsundermalenames.

···Evenwhenthebooksoldonlytwo

copies,thesistersstilldidn‘tgiveup.Theystartedwritingnovels,andtoday

CharlotteBrontë’sJaneEyre,Emily

Brontë’s

WutheringHeightsandAnneBrontë‘sAgnesGreyareregardedas

classics

ofworldliterature.····beregardedas被看作是……classic/ˈklæsɪk/n.名著;经典作品classicaladj.古典的;传统的Infact,it

iswithinthepagesofJaneEyrethatwe

canfindthesewords:“Ihonour

endurance,perseverance,industry,

talent;becausethesearethemeansby

whichmenachievegreatends...”it

is+被强调的内容+that...强调句型,此处强调了地点状语。endurance/ɪnˈdjʊərəns/n.(忍)耐力endurev.忍耐,忍受industryn.勤劳,勤奋endn.目的,目标5.

So,itseemsthat

talentaloneisn‘t

enoughtoguarantee

success.Whilealotofhardworkandatouchof

luck

playapart,perseveranceisthekey.

···atouchof少量,一点Keeptryingandeventuallyyouwillread

thewords“Wearedelighted

toinformyou...”Practice单句语法填空1.Thencamemorethan500enquiriesfordetailed_________(inform).2.Onherdayofdischarge,wesharedinher

(delighted)atherrecovery.(2021·全国乙卷,完形填空)

informationdelight3.Weguarantee

(deliver)yourgoodswithinaweek.4.IfoundIhadalot

commonwiththosepeople.

5.Transportationinvoices(发票)mustbereceivedwithin60daysofyourvisit____________(guarantee)thescholarship．todeliverintoguarantee

Successrarelyhappensovernight,

butnotmanyknowthatalotoffamouswritershavepreviouslyfaced1.

(reject).Forexample,

J.K.Rowlingthoughtshehadsomethingincommon2.

__________otherfamouswriterswhenshereceivedrejectionletters.

Sheevenspentyears3.

(survive)onlittlemoneybut4.________(devote)allhertimetowriting.

5.

(eventual),herfamousnovel,HarryPotter,

became6.

globalsuccess.J.D.Salingerbeganwritinginhighschool.Despiterejections,hecontinued7.

(write)evenwhenheservedinthearmy.ThreesistersfromVictorianEnglandhadfirm8._____________(persevere).Theyonceusedmalenamestopublishtheirworksbecausewomenwerenotencouragedtowrite.Theirworks9.

(regard)asclassicsofworldliterature.rejectionwithsurvivingdevotedEventuallytowriteperseveranceareregardeda10.

talentisn’tenoughtosuccess.



SectionⅡUsinglanguage

&

SectionⅢDevelopingideas重点单词worthwhileadj.重要的;值得做的,有意义的Wanttoexplorenewcultures,

meetnewpeopleanddosomethingworthwhileatthesametime?(2019·北京卷,阅读理解A)想探索新的文化,认识新的人,同时做一些有价值的事情吗?（1）Itisworthwhile

doing/todosth．做某事是值得的aworthwhilejob值得做的工作（2）worthadj．值……钱；值得……的n．价值；作用be(well)worth

doing...(非常)值得被做(主动形式表示被动意义)（3）worthyadj．值得尊敬的；值得赞赏的a

worthy

opponent值得尊敬的对手【特别提示】①worth只作表语,表示“值得……”,常用副词well修饰。②worthy和worthwhile既可作表语又可作定语。①(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)Suchameaningfulactivityiswellworth__________(organize)again．②Itisworthwhile____________________(improve)workingconditionsfortheworkers．organizingimproving/toimprove一句多译这本参考书值得买，因为它对你的学习很有帮助。③______________________________thereferencebook,becauseitisagreathelpforyourstudy．(worthwhile)④Thereferencebook_________________，becauseitisagreathelpforyourstudy．(worth)⑤Thereferencebook________________________________，becauseitisagreathelpforyourstudy．(worthy)Itisworthwhilebuying/tobuyisworthbuyingisworthytobebought/ofbeingboughtenthusiasticadj.热心的,热衷的Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader,

sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷,阅读理解D)我一直是个热心的读者,小时候有时一天最多看过三本书。单句语法填空①Theyarepeopleofability,

talent,

and

(enthusiastic)whocanbringtheirbroadperspective(视角)intospecificfieldsofexpertise(专长).(2021·天津卷,阅读理解D)

②Butsomeecologistsandfashion(时装)

(enthusiastic)aretryingtobringbackthemarketforfurmadefromnutria(海狸鼠).(2020·全国Ⅱ卷,阅读理解C)

enthusiasmenthusiasts③Mooreisenthusiastic

thecandyshecreated,

andshe’salsopositiveaboutwhatthefuturemightbring.(2019·北京卷,阅读理解B)

about

upsetadj.心烦意乱的,烦恼的,不高兴的

v.使烦恼;使心烦;使不高兴

Thebeginningofchangeisupsetting.(2021·天津卷,阅读理解B)变化的开始令人不安。beupsetaboutsth．为某事心烦/难过beupsetwithsb．生某人的气beupsettodosth．对做某事感到不安/难过Whatupsetssb．is...让某人心烦的是……Itupsetssb．todosth．/that...让某人心烦的是……【注意】upset作动词时,过去式和过去分词形式皆为upset;其现在分词形式为upsetting。①(2021·新高考卷Ⅱ)Iwasupset________(learn)thatmanyseaanimalseatplasticgarbage,thinkingitisfood．②There'snoneedtobeupset_____thisfailure．Thingswillsurelyturnoutright．tolearnabout其它搭配anupsetstomach

肠胃不适upsetabowlofsoup打翻一碗汤upsetthenaturalbalanceoftheenvironment破坏环境的自然平衡electv.选举,推选;选择,决定(做某事)AfterLincolnwaselectedPresidentoftheUSin1861,theyrentedthehouseandsoldmostoftheirfurniture.(2021·浙江6月卷,语法填空)1861年林肯当选美国总统后,他们租了房子,卖掉了大部分家具。electtodo...选择或决定做……electsb(as)...选举某人为……electionn.选举;当选【注意】在“electsb(as)+职务”句式中,总统president、市长mayor、领导leader等职位前不用加任何冠词。①据说,只有两个学生将被选中参加即将到来的英语竞赛。Itissaidthatonlytwostudentswill

thecomingEnglishcontest.

②另外,我英语掌握得很好,被选为英语课代表。Inaddition,

IhavesuchagoodcommandofEnglishthat_____________________________________tomyEnglishteacher.

beelectedtotakepartinIamelected

asassistantembarrassedadj.难堪的,尴尬的Don’tbeafraidorembarrassedtodiscusssomethingthatisbotheringyou.(2020·新高考全国Ⅱ卷,七选五)不要对讨论一些正在困扰你的事情感到害怕或尴尬。be/feelembarrassedabout/at...对……感到难堪/尴尬be/feelembarrassedtodosth对做某事感到尴尬embarrassingadj.令人尴尬的;使人难堪的embarrassv.使尴尬embarrassmentn.窘迫;尴尬单句语法填空①

(embarrass),asusual,Ifledthescene.(2020·天津卷,完形填空)

②Iwasembarrassed

hisunexpectedquestion.

③Nowheisinan

(embarrass)situation.

④Itoogotmykneeunstuck,

butnotwithoutgreat

.

(embarrass).

Embarrassedat/aboutembarrassingembarrassment重点句型【教材原句】OnlywhendarknesshadagaindescendeduponmeshouldIrealizehowmuchIhadleftunseen．只有当黑暗再次降临时，我才意识到，我还有那么多没有看到。条件：only+状语(通常是副词、介词短语或状语从句等)放句首时，句子需要部分倒装。结构：only＋状语＋助动词/情态动词/系动词be＋主语＋其他。【练习】Thechildrencangrowupmentallyandphysicallyhealthyonlyinthisway．→____________________________________mentallyandphysicallyhealthy．Onlyinthiswaycanthechildrengrowup写作训练微写作假设你是李华,曾经在一所聋哑学校做过助教,请根据以下提示用英文写一篇作文,讲一讲你的助教经历。1.总之,帮助Jean重拾生活信心是一次愉快的经历。(delightful；restore)

2.在我的记忆中,我们第一次见面时,她总是心烦意乱。这让我很尴尬。(upset;embarrassed)

Onthewhole,

itisadelightfulexperiencetohelpJeanrestoreherconfidenceinlife.Inmymemory,

thefirsttimewemet,

shewasalwaysupset.

Itmademeembarrassed.3.我面对的最大的困难是沟通障碍。(communicationbarrier)

4.尽管如此,我还是做到了。(nevertheless)

ThebiggestdifficultyIfacedwasthecommunicationbarriers.Nevertheless,

Imadeit.5.我劝她鼓起勇气面对困难。而不是逃避困难。(advise;

gather

courage;

confront;

escapefrom)

6.我尽一切努力与她建立友谊及互相的信任。(companionship;

mutual

trust)

Iadvisedhertogathercouragetoconfrontthedifficultiesinsteadofescapingfromthem.Imadeeveryefforttoestablishcompanionshipandmutualtrustwithher.7.这段经历告诉我,信心和决心的确有助于我们的成功。(contribute)

8.每个人都应该对生活充满热情。(enthusiastic)

Thisexperiencetellsmethatconfidenceanddeterminationcanreallycontributetooursuccess.Everyoneshouldbeenthusiasticaboutlife.连句成篇Onthewhole,

itisadelightfulexperiencetohelpJeanrestoreherconfidenceinlife.

Inmymemory,

thefirsttimewemet,

shewas

alwaysupset,

makingmeembarrassed.

Meanwhile,itwasthecommunicationbarriersthatwerethebiggestdifficultyIfaced.

Nevertheless,

Imadeit.

First,

Iadvis