广东自考英语语言学测验题

#/102011年1月广东省高等教育自学考试英语语言学问卷课程代码06422)Blank-filling(20%)Fillinthefollowingblankswithaword,whoseinitialletterhasbeengiven.The3branchesofphoneticsarelabeledarticulatoryphonetics,auditoryphonetics,andaphonetics.When2differentformsareidenticalineverywayexceptforonesoundsegmentwhichoccursinthesameplaceinthestrings,theyaresaidtobeinampair.Rmotivationreferstothefactthatlearnerslearnasecondlanguageforexternalpurposes.LaterNoamChomskyprefersthisinnateendowmentasUG,i.e.UGrammar.In"NPf(Deg)A(pp)",thedotsintheruleindicatethatothercoptionsareavailable.Thearticulatoryapparatusofhumanbeingarecontainedin3importantareas:thepcavity，theoralcavity,andthenasalcavity.Lreferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.Hreferstothesenserelationbetweenamoregeneral,moreinclusivewordandamorespecificword.Thedescriptionofalanguageatagivenpointintimeisasstudy.Thestudyofhowspeakersofalanguageusesentencestoeffectsuccessfulcommunicationiscalledp.Thestructurecorrespondingtothefinalsyntacticoutputofthesentencewhichresultsfromappropriatetransformationsiscalledsstructure.Thetermd,firstusedbyFergusonin1959,referstoasociolinguisticsituationsimilartobilingualism.Learners'independentsystemofthesecondlanguagewhichisofneitherthesecondlanguageisknownasi.Thesound[p]inpitispronouncedwithastrongpuffofair,whichissaidtobea.Cmodelstatesthatinwordcomprehensionwordsareanalyzedbyhearersfrombeginningtoend.Sisconcernedwiththeinherentmeaningofthelinguisticformandisthecollectionofallthefeaturesofthelinguisticform.MajorlexicalcategoriesareNoun,Verb,Adjective,andP.Sisthesub-fieldoflinguisticsthatstudiestherelationbetweenlinguisticandsocietybetweentheusesoflanguageandsocialstructures.Pisconcernedwiththeprogressoflanguagecomprehensionandproduction.Linguisticsstudiesnotanyparticularlanguage,butlanguagesing.Multiplechoice(20%)Choosethebestanswertothefollowingitems.__referstothestudyoftheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.A.SyntaxB.EtymologyC.LexicologyD.Morphology___aimstodiscoverhowspeechsoundsinalanguageformpatternsandhowthesesoundsareusedtoconveymeaninginlinguisticcommunication.A.PhoneticsB.PhonemicsC.PhonologyD.PhonotacticsLanguage___referstoanaturalabilityforlearningasecondlanguage.A.aptitudeB.competenceC.performanceD.attitude___isapersonaldialectofanindividualspeakerthatcombineselementsregardingregional,social,gender,andagevariations.A.IdiolectB.PidginC.SociolectD.CreoleA(n)___isawordformedbycombiningpartsofotherwords,e.g.smog.A.back-formationB.blendC.abbreviationD.clippingThetraditionalandtheonlywaytostudythebraininthepastwasthroughstudies.A.experimentalB.surgicalC.autopsyD.observational___referstothephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningshavethesameform,i.e.Differentwordsareidenticalinsoundorspelling,orinboth.A.PolysemyB.SynonymC.HomophoneD.HomonymyThearrowinthephrasestrueturerule"S~NPVP"isreadas.A.isequaltoB.generatesC.hasD.consistsof___ofneighbouringsoundis,forthemostpart,causedbyarticulatoryorphysiologicalprogress.A.AssimilationB.FormalizationC.DerivationD.PatterningThedrivethatpeoplelearnaforeignlanguagebecauseofthewishtoidentifywiththetargetcultureiscalledmotivation.A.instrumentalB.resultativeC.integrativeD.intrinsic31Therearedifferenttypesofaffixesprmorphemes.Theaffix"ed"intheword"learned"isknownasa(n)__.A.derivationalmorphemeB.freemorphemeC.inflectionalmorphemeD.freeform32.Ifalinguisticstudyaimstodescribeandanalyzedthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobe___A.descriptiveB.prescriptiveC.synchronicD.diachronicTransformationalGenerativeGrammarwasintroducedby__in1957.A.L.BloomfieldB.F.SaussureC.N.ChomskyD.M.A.KHallidayOfthefollowingsoundcombination,only___ispermissibleaccordingtothesequentialrulesinEnglish.A.mibleB.bmilC.imlbD.ilbmWhichofthefollowingEnglishwordsisformedbyclipping?A.smogB.UNESCOC.baby-sitD.discoOfthefollowingwords,belongstotheopenclassword.A.emaiB.butC.theD.theyThesenserelationforthepairofwords"doctorandpatient"is__A.synonymyB.hyponymyC.antonymyD.homonymyInlearningaforeignlanguage,instancesofmothertongueinterferencecanbefoundactthelevelofA.pronunciationB.vocabularyC.syntaxD.alloftheaboveAccordingtoF.deSaussure,referstothesystemoflanguage.A.langueB.paroleC.competenceD.performanceTheutterance"We'realreadyworking25hoursaday,8daysaweek"obviouslyviolatesthemaximof___A.qualityB.quantityC.relationD.mannerTrueoffalsejudgement(20%)Judgewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.WriteTinyecorrespondingbracketforatruestatementandFforafalseone.Damagetopartsofthebraininfrontofthecentralsulcuswillcausefluentaphasia.D-structureisformedbytheXPruleinaccordancewiththehead'ssupercanonizationproperties.Anillocutionactistheactperformedbyorresultingfromsayingsomething.Itistheconsequenceoftheutterance.TheLADwasdescribedasanimaginary"blackbox"whichissaidtocontainrulesthatarespecificonlytohumanlanguages.Componentialanalysisisawayproposedbythestructuresemanticstoanalyzelexicalwordmeaning.Gardenpathsentenceisanawkwardsentencethatmisleadsthespeakersandtakesthemdownthegardenpathtoawrongdirection.Acronymsarewordsderivesfromtheinitialsandendingofseveralwords.Diglossiareferstothedialecthavingtodowithseparationbroughtaboutbydifferentsocialconditions.49.Indailylifepeopleoftenseethesituationinwhichadultspeakdifferentlywhentalkingtolittlechildren,theyuseaspecialspeechcalledmotherese.PhonologyisthestudyofhowspeechsoundsareproducedbyhumanspeechorgansExplainthefollowingnotionsbriefly(25%)broadtranscriptionvsnarrowtranscriptionselectionrestrictionspeechacttheoryCriticalPeriodHypothesisDrawatreediagramforthesurfacestructureof"Amanwillfindthedog"Writeapassageof120-150wordsonthefollowingtopic.(15%)Whatarethemajorviewsconcerningthestudyofmeaning?部分参考答案：acoustic2.minimal3.Resultative4.Uplementpharyngeal7.Langue8.Hyponymy9.synchronic10.pragmaticssurface12.diaglossia13.Interlanguage14.aspirated15.CohortSense17.Preposition18.Siciolinguistics19.Psycholinguistics20.generalD22.C23.A24.A25.B26.C27.D28.D29.A30.CC32.A33.C34.A35.D36.A37.C38.D39.A40.AF42.F43.F44.T45.T46.F47.F48.F49.T50.F2011年10月广东省高等教育自学考试英语语言学问卷(课程代码06422)I.Blank-filling(20%)Fillinthefollowingblankswithaword,whoseinitialletterhasbeengiven.1.Thetotalityoflinguisticvarietiespossessedbyanindividualconstituteshislinguisticr.Imotivationreferstolearnerslearningthesecondlanguageforenjoymentorpleasurefromlearning.Thephonetictranscription,ntranscription,isnormallyusedbyphoneticianstogiveminuteanddetaileddescriptionsofspeechsounds.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zThewaythatnewwordsarecoinedfromalreadyexistingwordsby“subtracting”anaffibepartoftheoldwordiscalledb.Themeaningofawordcanbedissectedintomeaningcomponentscalledsemanticf.Inadditiontosocialchanges,oneofthemostpervasivesourcesoflanguagechangeseemstobethecontinualprocessofculturaltacrossgenerations.Pisthestudyofsoundsusedinlinguisticcommunication.Whenthevocalcordsaredrawnwideaparttoletairgothroughwithoutvibration,thesoundsthusproducedarev.Thesocialgroupthatissingledoutforanyspecialstudyisnamedasthescommunity.10.AccordingtoN.Chomsky,creferstotheidealuser'sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguage.11.Preferstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.Thenotionofcisessentialtothepragmaticstudyoflanguage.Damagetopartsoftheleftcortexbehindthecentralsulcusresultsinatypeofaphasiacalledfaphasia.Thecviewofmeaningisbasedonthepresumptionthatonecanderivemeaningfromorreducemeaningtoobservablecontexts.Lexicaldtaskisakindofexperimentpsycholinguisticsemploytoinvestigatelexicalaccess.16.Atheorywhichexplicitlyemploysthenotion“concept”isthesemantictproposedbyOgdenandRichardsintheirbookTheMeaningofMeaning.Clear[l]anddark[l]areallophonesofthesameonephoneme/l/.Theynevertakethesamepositioninsoundcombinations,thustheyaresaidtobeincdistribution.Sincethereareoftenintermediateformsbetweenthetwomembersofanantonymouspair,sotheyarecalledgantonyms.Sisconcernedwiththeinherentmeaningofthelinguisticform.Atexperimentisatechniquethatisusedtostudythedeterminantsofsentenceprocessingdifficulty.II.Multiplechoice(15%)Choosethebestanswertothefollowingitems.Changesinalanguagearechangesinthegrammarofthespeakersofthelanguage.Thismeansthatphonemes,,wordsandgrammaticalrulesmaybeborrowed,added,lostoraltered.A.phrasesB.sentencesC.morphemesD.utteranceTheconsonant[f]inEnglishcanbecorrectlydescribedashavingthefollowingphoneticfeatures:A.voiceless,bilabial,stopB.voiceless,labiodental,fricativeC.voiced,bilabial,stopD.voiced,labiodental,fricativeThestudyoflanguageasawholeisoftencalled.A.universallinguisticsB.commonlinguisticsC.prescriptivelinguisticsD.generallinguistics24.1nthephrasestructurerule“S—NPVP”，thearrowcanbereadas.A.isequaltoB.consistsofC.hasD.generatesTheillocutionarypointofistoexpressthepsychologicalstatespecifiedintheutterance.A.representativesB.commissivesC.expressivesDdeclarationsTransformationalGenerativeGrammarwasintroducedbyin1957.A.L.BloomfieldB.F.SaussureC.N.ChomskyD.M.A.F.Hallidaymotivationoccurswhenthelearnerdesirestolearnasecondlanguagebecauseofthewishtoidentifywiththetargetculture.A.InstrumentalB.FunctionalC.IntegrativeD.SocialWhiledifferentwordsmayhavethesameorsimilarmeaning,thesamewordmayhavemorethanonemeaning.Thiskindofwordsarecalled.A.polysemicwordsB.homographsC.homonymsD.synonymsThetermlinguisticsmaybedefinedasawayofreferringtotheapproachwhichstudieslanguagechangesovervariousperiodsoftimeandatvarioushistoricalstages.A.synchronicB.diachronicC.comparativeD.historicalcomparative30.SpeechacttheorywasoriginatedwiththeBritishphilosopherinthelate50'softhe20thcentury.A.M.A.F.HallidayB.L.BloomfieldC.J.SearleD.J.Austin31.Ifthelinguisticstudyaimstolaydownrulesforcorrectandstandardbehaviorinusinglanguage,itissaidtobe.A.descriptiveB.prescriptiveC.synchronicD.diachronic32.Inthecaseofspit,theconsonant[p]issaidtobe.A.aspiratedB.voicedC.unaspiratedD.unprounceable33.Whattheelement“-es”indicatesisthirdpersonsingular,presenttense,theelement“-ed”pasttense,and“-ing”progressiveaspect.Sincetheyarethesmallestunitsoflanguageandmeaningful,theyarealsoA.phonemesB.phonesC.allophonesD.morphemes34.Synoymousareclassifiedintoseveralkinds.Thiskindtowhich‘girl'and‘lass'belongiscalled___synonyms.A.stylisticB.dialectalC.emotiveD.collocational35.InaspeechcommunityPeoplehavesomethingincommon:alanguageoraparticularvarietyoflanguageandrulesforusingit..A.sociallyB.linguisticallyC.culturallyD.pragmaticallyTrueoffalsejudgement(20%)Theinteractionistviewholdsthatlanguagedevelopsasaresultofthecomplexinterplaybetweenthehumancharacteristicsofthechildandtheenvironmentinwhichthechilddevelops.Acreoleissaidtobeformedwhenapidginhasbecometheprimarylanguageofaspeechcommunity,andisacquiredbythechildrenofthatspeechcommunityastheirnativelanguage.Gardenpathsentenceisanawkwardsentencethatmisleadsthespeakersandtakesthemdownthegardenpathtoawrongdirection.Aphonemeisthesmallestlinguisticunitofsoundthatcandistinguishtwowords.Registerreferstothetypeofutterancewhichisselectedasappropriatetothetypeoftypology.Phonologystudiesthefunctioningofthespeechsounds.PredicationanalysiswasproposedbytheBritishlinguistJ.Searletoanalyzethemeaningofutterance.Specifiershavebothspecialsemanticandsyntacticrolessincetheyhelpmakemoreprecisethemeaningoftheheadandmarkaphraseboundary.Differentlanguageofferpeopledifferentwaysofexpressingtheworldaround,theythinkandspeakdifferently,thisisalsoknownaslinguisticrelativity.Metacognitivestrategiesdealwiththewaysidelearnersinteractorcommunicatewithotherspeakers,nativeornon-native.Explainthefollowingnotionsbriefly(25%)derivationalmorphemeIPA(InternationalPhoneticAlphabet)culturaltransmissionDeepStructurevs.SurfaceStructureThenamingtheoryEssayquestion(20%)

AccordingtoAustin,whatarethethreeactsapersonispossiblyperformingwhilemakinganutterance?Giveanexample.参考答案5.features6.transmission7・Phon12.context13.fluent29.B30.C5.features6.transmission7・Phon12.context13.fluent29.B30.C14.plementary18.gradable19.Sensetimed-readingTOC\o"1-5"\h\zC22.B23.D24.B25.C26.C27.C28.AB32.C33.D34.B35.BT37.T38.F39.T40.F41.T42.F43.T44.T45.FMorphemesthatchangethemeaningorlexicalcategoryofthewordstowhichtheyattach.47.Itisastandardizedandinternationallyacceptedsystemofphonetictranscription.48.Whilehumancapacityforlanguagehasageneticbasis,i.e.,wewereallbornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguage,thedetailsofanylanguagesystemarenotgeneticallytransmitted,butinsteadhavetobetaughtandlearned.Languageispassedonfromonegenerationtothenextthroughteachingandlearning,ratherthanbyinstinct49.Thefirst,formedbytheXPruleinaaccordancewiththehead'ssubcategorizationproperties,iscalleddeepstmcture.Thesecond,correspondingtothefinalsyntacticformofthesentencewhichresultsfromappropriatetransformations,iscalledsurfacestructureOneoftheoldestnotionsconcerningmeaning,andalsoaveryprimitiveone,wasthenamingtheoryproposedbytheancientGreekscholarPlato.Thewordsusedinalanguagearetakentobelabelsoftheobjectstheystandfor.locutionaryacttheactofutteringwords,phrases,clauses.Itwsanactofconveyingliteralmeaningbymeansofsyntax,lexicon,andphonology.Namely.,theactofsayingsomething:theutteranceofasentencewithdeterminatesenseandreference.（言内行为指的是用句子来叙述，报告，描写。言内行为指话语过程本身，诸如：句法，词汇与发言等。）illocutionaryacttheactofexpressingthespeakerwsintention;itistheactperformedinsayingsomething;itsforceisidenticalwiththespeakerwsintention.Themakingofastatement,offerpromise,etc,inutteringasentence,byvirtueoftheconventionalforceassociatedwithit.theactofusingasentencetoperformafunctionsuchascommand,requeste姒言外行为是指说话过程中通过话语的一些约定俗成的关联力量进行陈述，承诺等。说话带有目的性。）perlocutionaryact—theactperformedbyorresultingfromsayingsomething,itwstheconsequenceof,orthechangebroughtaboutbytheutterance;itistheactperfomedbysayingsomething,thebringingaboutofeffectsontheaudiencebymeansofutteringthesentence,sucheffectsbeingspecialtothecircumstances.theresultsoreffectsthatareproducedbymeansofsayingsth（言后行为是指行为本身就是讲话的结果。即讲话所产生的情感，思想，行动等的某种反应）。Illocutionaryforce:theintentionorpurposeunderlyingtheactofsayingsth.（speaker襄smeaning）e.g.YouhaveleftthedoorwideopenThelocutionaryactperformedbythespeakeristhathehasutteredallthewords“you”“have”“door”“open”etc.andexpressedwhatthewordsliterallymean.locutionary:utteranceofallthewordTheillocutionaryactperformedbythespeakeristhatbymakingsuchanutterance,hehasexpressedhisintentionofspeaking,i.e.askingsb.toclosethedoor.“ormakingacomplaintTheprelocutionaryactreferstotheeffectoftheutterance.Ifthehearergetsthespeakersmessageandseesthespeakermeanstoasksomeonetoclosethedoor,thespeakerhassuccessfullybroughtaboutthechangeintherealworldhehasintendedto;thentheprelocutionaryactissuccessfullyperformed.perlocutionary:thehearerclosethedoororhisrefusaltocomplywiththerequest2012年10月广东省高等教育自学考试英语语言学问卷(课程代码06422)I.Blank-filling(20%)Fillinthefollowingblankswithaword,whoseinitialletterhasbeengiven.1.Threebranchesofphoneticsarearticulatoryphonetics,aphonetics,andacousticphonetics.Thewordaroundwhichaphraseisformedistermedhead,andthewordsontherightsideoftheheadsarec.Hreferstothephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningshavethesameform,i.e.,differentwordsareidenticalinsoundorspelling,orinboth.Sreferstothelinguisticvarietycharacteristicofaparticularsocialclass.Therearetwotypesofadyslexia:phonologicaldyslexiaandsurfacedyslexia.Differentlanguagesofferpeopledifferentwaysofexpressingtheworldaround,theythinkandspeakdifferently,thisisknownaslinguisticr.Themostbasicandthesmallestmeaningfulelementofmeaningistraditionallycalledm.Theiviewholdsthatlanguagedevelopsasaresultofthecomplexinterplaybetweenthehumancharacteristicsofthechildandtheenvironmentinwhichhedevelops.9.Cdeterminesthespeaker'suseoflanguageandalsothehearer'sinterpretationofwhatissaidtohim10.Ifthelinguisticstudyaimslaydownrulesfor“correctandstandard”behaviorinusinglanguage,i.e.totellpeoplewhattheyshouldsayandwhattheyshouldnotsay,itissaidtobep.11.Vibrationofthevocalcordsresultsinaqualityofspeechsoundscalled“v”.Rmeanswhatalinguisticformreferstointhereal,physicalworld.Areferstoanumberofacquiredlanguagedisorderduetothecerebrallesionscausedbyvascularproblems,atumor,anaccidentandsoon.MinorLexicalCategoriesrefertoD,Degreeword,Qualifier,AuxiliaryandConjunction.Linguisticsisascientificstudybecauseitisbasedonthesinvestigationoflinguisticdata.Grammaticaloffunctionalwordsarereferredtoasbeingcclasswords.Apisaspeciallanguagevarietythatmixesorblendslanguagesanditisusedbypeoplewhospeakdifferentlanguagesforrestrictedpurposessuchastrading.Aarewordsderivedfromtheinitialsofseveralwords,suchasWTO.Imotivationreferstothedrivethatpeoplelearnaforeignlanguagebecauseofthewishtoidentifywiththetargetculture.Chomskyusesthetermptorefertotheactualrealizationoftheknowledgeinlinguisticcommunication.II.Multiplechoice(20%)Choosethebestanswertothefollowingitems.21.Differentfromcontrastiveanalysis,gavelessconsiderationtolearners'nativelanguage.A.negativetransferB.mistakeanalysisC.positiveanalysisD.erroranalysisThesocialgroupthatissingledoutforanyspecialstudyiscalledthe.A.publicsocietyB.commongroupC.speechcommunityD.speechgroupEnglishconsonantscanbeclassifiedintwoways:oneisintermsofofarticulationandtheotherisintermsofplaceofarticulation.A.forceB.positionC.mannerD.patternanalysisisawayproposedbythestructuralsemanticiststoanalyzewordmeaning.A.ComponentialB.ContrastiveC.ComparativeD.InflectionChangesinalanguagearechangesinthegrammarofthespeakersofthelanguage.Thismeansthatphonemes,,wordsandgrammaticalrulesmaybeborrowed,added,lostoraltered.A.morphemesB.elementsC.segmentsD.constituentsmotivationoccurswhenthelearnerdesirestolearnasecondlanguageinordertocommunicatewithnativespeakersofthetargetlanguage.A.PositiveB.IntegrativeC.InstrumentalD.IntrinsicThewordsontheleftsideoftheheadsaresaidtofunctionas.A.modifiersB.qualifiersC.specifiersD.determinersThefollowingsoundsbelongtothesamenaturalclassEXCEPT.A.[t]B.[s]C.[p]D.[k]ThesentencethathasaNPandaPPcanbeshownina______formula“S—NPPP”.A.hierarchicalB.treediagramC.verticalD.linearIfalinguisticstudyaimstodescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtoTOC\o"1-5"\h\zbe.A.prescriptiveB.descriptiveC.synchronicD.diachronicTherelationshipbetween“flower“and“rose”is.A.homonymyB.hyponymyC.polysemyD.synonymyThepairofwords“east”and“west“is.A.gradableantonymsB.co-hyponymsC.complementaryoppositeD.relationaloppositesWhichofthefollowinghypothesisisputforwardbyEricLenneberg?A.CriticalPeriodHypothesisB.InputHypothesisC.Sapir-WhorfHypothesisD.LanguageAcquisitionDeviceHypothesisX:JohnhastakenpartintheLondonOlympicGames.Y:Johnisasportsman.Thesenserelationbetweentheabovesentencesis.A.XentailsYB.XisinconsistentwithYC.XpresupposesYD.XissynonymouswithYTheword“unreasonably”consistsofmorphemes.A.4B.3C.5D.2occurswhentheCooperativePrincipleisviolated.A.LocutionaryactB.IllocutionaryactC.ConversationalimplicatureD.IntralingualerrorWhentwodifferentformsareidenticalineverywayexceptforonesoundsegmentthatoccursinthesameplaceinthestring,thetwosoundcombinationsaresaidtoforma.A.adjacencypairsB.minimalpairsC.complementarypairsD.similarpairs”Brunch”isawordformedby.A.clipp