被动语态总结

被动语态复习A．熟记构造被动语态的构造为“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词（p．p）”。被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化来表达的，其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。其具体变化为：普通现在时：am／is／are＋p．p．普通过去时：was／were＋p．p．普通将来时：shall／willbe＋p．p．现在完毕时：have／hasbeen＋p．p．现在进行时：am／is／are＋being＋p．p．过去将来时：should／wouldbe＋p．p．含情态动词的被动构造：情态动词＋be＋p．p．例如：①Chinese______bythelargestnumberofpeople．A．speakB．isspeakingC．speaksD．isspoken②Theboy______togetsupperreadyafterschool．A．weretoldB．istellingC．wastoldD．tells③Alotofnewroads______builtinthewestofChina．A．mustB．mustbeC．hasD．haveB．明确使用方法被动语态惯用于下列两种状况：1．不懂得谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者；2．强调动作的承受者。例如：这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。Thetree____________bythatboy．C．纯熟转换1．将主动语态变被动语态的基本办法为：①将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语；②谓语动词变为“be＋及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来体现出不同的时态；③主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，构成介词短语放在被动构造中的谓语动词之后。（有时by短语能够省略）。2．被动语态的普通疑问句是将一种助动词置于主语之前；否认句是在第一种助动词后加not；特殊疑问句的语序为：疑问词＋普通疑问句。例如：①Youmustthrowthebrokenpotteryawayatonce．Thebrokenpottery________________________atonce．（同义句）②Wheredidtheygrowvegetables?（改为被动语态）Where______vegetables______?D．注意特例将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊状况：1．含双宾语的主动构造变为被动构造时，有两种办法：①将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变；②将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。例如：①Hetoldusastory．（变被动语态）→Weweretoldastory（byhim）．或：Astorywastoldtousbyhim．②Hermothergaveheranewpen．（变被动语态）Anewpen__________________herbyhermother．2．短语动词的被动语态：在变为被动语态时，要将短语动词视为一种整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。例如：①Thisdictionarymustn't______fromthelibrary．A．takeawayB．takenawayC．aretakenawayD．betakenaway②Shewilltakegoodcareofthechildren．（变被动语态）Thechildrenwill______________________________（byher）．3．含有复合宾语的主动构造变被动构造时，普通将宾语变为被动句的主语，而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意：省略to的不定式作宾补时，不定式符号to必须补上。例如：SomeonesawhimswiminQianlingLakeyesterday．（变被动）He__________________swiminQianlingLakeyesterday．4．不定式的被动构造：动词不定式的被动语态为“tobe＋过去分词”。例如：Theradiosaysawildanimalzooisto______inourcity．A．bebuildingB．buildC．bebuiltD．built5．以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序：应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词by的宾语，但仍然放在句子开头。例如：Whohasbrokenthecup？（改为被动语态）→Bywhomhasthecupbeenbroken？E．注意区别被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别：1）含义不同：被动语态强调动作，重点阐明动作由谁完毕、如何完毕；而过去分词作表语普通用来描写情景，叙述人或事物的特性及所处的状态。试比较：Thewindowisbroken．窗子破了。（系表构造）Thewindowisbrokenbyhim．窗子被他打破了。（被动语态）2）使用方法不同：过去分词作表语时能够被so，very，too等程度副词修饰，而被动语态则不能用so，very，too修饰，而需用much，verymuch，somuch，toomuch修饰。试比较：Hewasveryinterestedinscience．他对科学有极大爱好。（系表构造）IwassomuchsurprisedatthescenethatIdidn'tknowwhattodo．我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊，不知所措。（被动语态）F．切记（有关）句型初中教材中与被动语态有关的句型有：1．becoveredwith被……覆盖2．bemadeof由……制作（发生物理变化）bemadefrom由……制作（发生化学变化）bemadein由（某地）制造bemadeby被（某人）制造3．beusedfor被用来……beusedas被当作（作为）……来使用beusedtodosth．被用来做某事4．Itissaidthat．．．据说……Itishopedthat．．．但愿……Itiswellknownthat．．．众所周知……例如：①—Yourcoatlooksnice．Isit______cotton?—Yes．It's_________Shanghai．A．madeof；madebyB．madeof；madeinC．madefor；madebyD．madefor；madein②Thismachineisused______theroomwet．A．forkeepingB．askeepingC．keepD．tokeeping③据说在南京长江上又在建一座桥。__________________that____________isbeing______overtheChangjiangRiverinNanjing．几个特殊的被动语态1.带不定式的被动语态。Thechildissuretobepunishedforthat.那个孩子必定会由于那件事受罚的。2.带介词的动词短语的被动语态。

Suchathinghasneverbeenheardof.这件事前所未闻。3.带副词的动词短语的被动语态。Theradiohasjustbeenturnedoff.收音机刚刚被关上。4.当sell,wash,clean,run,ride,wear,write等动词若有状语well,easily,badly来修饰时，用主动形式体现被动意义。

Thepenwriteswell.这枝钢笔写字流畅。Thebooksellswell.这本书很畅销。被动语态专项练习一、选择题(

)1._____anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear?A.Is;built

B.Was;built

C.Does;build

D.Did;build(

)2.Anaccident____onthisroadlastweek.A.hasbeenhappened

B.washappened

C.ishappened

D.happened(

)3.Cotton（棉花）____inthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrown

B.aregrown

C.grows

D.grow(

)4.Sofar,themoon____bymanalready.A.isvisited

B.willbevisited

C.hasbeenvisited

D.wasvisited(

)5.AtalkonChinesehistory_____intheschoolhallnextweek.A.isgiven

B.hasbeengiven

C.willbegiven

D.gives(

)6.Howmanytrees____thisyear?A.areplanted

B.willplant

C.havebeenplanted

D.planted(

)7.Alotofthings____bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.A.aredoing

B.arebeingdone

C.hasbeendone

D.willbedone(

)8.--When___thiskindofcomputers______?--Lastyear.A.did;use

B.was;used

C.is;used

D.are;used(

)9.TheGreatWall____allovertheworld.A.knows

B.knew

C.isknown

D.wasknown(

)10.Who_____thisbook_____?A.did;written

B.was;writtenby

C.did;written

D.was;written(

)11.Astory_____byGrannyyesterday.A.wastoldus

B.wastoldtous

C.istoldus

D.toldus(

)12.Themonkeywasseen_____offthetree.A.jump

B.jumps

C.jumped

D.tojump(

)13.Theschoolbag___behindthechair.A.puts

B.canbeput

C.canbeputted

D.canput(

)14.Olderpeople____well.A.looksafter

B.mustbelookedafterC.mustlookafterD.lookedafter(

)15.Ourteacher______carefully.A.shouldbelistenedtoB.shouldbelisten

C.belistened

D.islistened二、用括号内所给动词的对的形式填空。1.It'ssaid(据说)thatthelongbridge______________（build）intwomonths．2.Wheretohavethemeeting______________（discuss）now．3.Whichlanguage_______themostwidely_______（speak）intheworld？4.Thelostboy_____________（notfind）sofar．5.Lastyearalargenumberoftrees______________（cut）down．6.Thestudents_____often_____(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.7.Theoldmanisill.He______(mustsend)tothehospital.8.Vegetables,eggsandfruits_________(sell)inthisshop.9.What_______knives

______(make)of?They_______________(make)ofmetal(金属)andwood.10.Canthemagazine________(take)outofthelibrary?11.Theroom_____________(clean)bymeeveryday.12.Thestarscan’t_____________(see)inthedaytime.13.Someflowers_______________(water)byLiMingalready.14.Thiskindofshoes__________(sell)well.三、按规定改写下列句子，一空一词。1.IsteagrowninSouthChina？（改为主动语态）_______people_________teainSouthChina？2.Iamgivenabirthdaypresentbymyparentseveryyear．（同义句转换）Abirthdaypresent_______

_______

_______

_______bymyparentseveryyear．3.Theworkisgoingtobefinishedintwodays.(对划线提问)How_______

_______theworkgoingtobefinished?4.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.(改为被动语态)AnEnglishsong______

______

_______bythechildren.5.Youneedn'tdoitnow.(改为被动语态)It______

________

________byyounow.6.Peopleusemetalformakingmachines.(改为被动语态)Metal________

_________

_______makingmachines.7.Hemademedothatforhim.(改为被动语态)I______

________

________

______thatforhim.8.Theyarewatchingthefootballmatch.Thefootballmatch_______

_______

_______

bythem.9.Didtheybuildabridgehereayearago?(改为被动语态)__________abridge____________herebythemayearago?10.Theyhavesoldoutthelightgreendresses.(改为被动语态)Thelightgreendresses________

_________

___________out.11.Wecallthegame“Lianliankan”.(改为被动语态)Thegame_______

________“Lianliankan”byus.四、根据所给汉语完毕句子，一空一词。(1×10=10分)①Thenewbike______________

_____

_____（买给我）bymyparentsasapresentlastweek．②_______yourmobilephone_______

_______

________（是国产的吗）？③Thewholemountainis_________

_________(覆盖)thesnow.强化训练1.Ifcitynoises____fromincreasing，people____shouttobeheardevenatdinner．A.arenotkept；willhavetoB.arenotkept；haveC.donotkeep；willhavetoD.donotkeep；haveto2.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligence,are____andperfectednow.A.developedB.havedevelopedC.arebeingdevelopedD.willhavebeendeveloped3.-____thesportsmeetmightbeputoff.–Yes,italldependsontheweather.A.I'vebeentoldB.I'vetoldC.I'mtoldD.Itold4.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection_____.A.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted5.Rainforests_____andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut6.Thenewsuspensionbridge_____bytheendoflastmonth.A.hasbeendesignedB.hadbeendesignedC.wasdesignedD.wouldbedesigned7.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit______.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.wasbrokenD.hadbeenbroken8.Greatchanges______inthecity,andalotoffactories_______.A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetupB.havetakenplace;havebeensetupC.havetakenplace;havesetupD.weretakenplace;weresetup9.Thatsuit_______over60dollars.A.hadcostedB.costedC.iscostedD.cost10.-Look!Everythinghereisunderconstruction.-What’stheprettysmallhousethat__for?A.isbeingbuiltB.hasbeenbuiltC.isbuiltD.isbuilding11.-Doyoulikethematerial?-Yes,it___verysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt12.Itisdifficultforaforeigner_______Chinese.A.writeB.towriteC.tobewrittenD.written13.Ihavenomoreletters_______,thankyou.A.totypeB.typingC.tobetypedD.typed14.Takecare!Don’tdroptheinkonyourshirt,forit_______easily.A.won’twashoutB.won’tbewashedoutC.isn’twashedoutD.isn’twashingout15.Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedto________.A.beputupB.giveinC.beturnedonD.goout16.Thecomputersonthetable_______ProfessorSmith.A.belongsB.arebelongedtoC.belongstoD.belongto17.-Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?-Oh,excellent.It’sworth________asecondtime.A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread18.Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed________.A.catchingB.tobecaughtC.beingcaughtD.tocatch19.Thispageneeded________again.A.beingcheckedB.checkedC.tocheckD.tobechecked20._______manytimes,theboystilldidn’tknowhowtodotheexercisesA.HavingtaughtB.HavingbeentaughtC.taughtD.Teaching21.Itissaidthatanewrobot________byhiminafewdays.A.designedB.hasbeendesignedC.willbedesignedD.willhavebeendesigned22.Wearelate.Iexpectthefilm_______bythetimewegettothecinema.A.willalreadyhavestartedB.wouldalreadyhavestartedC.shallhavealreadystartedD.hasalreadybe