翻译硕士英语模拟试卷1题后含答案及解析

翻译硕士英语模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.Vocabulary2.ReadingComprehension3.WritingVocabulary1．Thosepeoplewhoare______aremostwelcometothepoliticians.A．credulousB．credibleC．incredibleD．unbelievable对的答案：A解析：credulous轻信的，容易被骗的。credible可信的。incredible和unbelievable都表达“难以置信的”。2．Theoldladyhasdevelopeda______coughwhichcannotbecuredcompletelyinashorttime.A．perpetualB．permanentC．chronicD．sustained对的答案：C解析：chronic“慢性的”，惯用来形容持续时间长的病症。perpetual永久的，重要指时间。permanent永久的，持久的，强调事物固定不变。sustained持续不变的，强调不间断性。3．Muchas______,Icouldn’tlendhimthemoneybecauseIsimplydidn’thavethatmuchsparecash.A．IwouldhavelikedtoB．IwouldliketohaveC．shouldhavetolikeD．Ishouldhavelikedto对的答案：A解析：muchas放在句首，等同于howevermuch，意为“尽管，不管程度多高”。wouldliketo表达意愿，过去时为wouldhavelikedto。4．Althougharchitecturehasartisticqualities,itmustalsosatisfyanumberofimportantpractical______.A．considerationsB．obligationsC．observationsD．regulations对的答案：A解析：consideration考虑，要考虑的事情。obligation义务，责任。observation注意；观察力；言论。regulation管理；规章。5．Thefactthatthegoldeneagleusuallybuildsitsnestonsomehighcliffs______italmostimpossibletoobtaintheeggsortheyoungbirds.A．rendersB．reckonsC．regardsD．relates对的答案：A解析：render使；致使。reckon猜想，预计。regard注意，认作。relate讲述，叙述。6．Iwon’tseeyouoffattheairporttomorrow,soIwillwishyou______.A．haveagoodjourneynowB．agoodjourneynowC．wouldhaveagoodjourneynowD．tohaveagoodjourneynow对的答案：B解析：此处wish接双宾语表达祝愿。you和agoodjourney同是宾语。7．ArewegoingtoseeanendtotheArab-Israeli______?A．disasterB．controversyC．confrontationD．aggression对的答案：C解析：confrontation对抗。controversy论战，辩论。aggression攻打，侵略。8．Thehiddenroomis______onlythroughasecretbackentrance.A．obtainableB．achievableC．attainableD．accessible对的答案：D解析：accessible可达成的。obtainable能得到的，可到手的。achievable可完毕的，可有成就的。attainable可得到的。9．Thosewhosupportviolenceontelevisionclaimthatithelpstheviewerto______steamandtogetridofhisfeelingsinaharmlessway.A．letoffB．lashoutC．leaveoffD．leakout对的答案：A解析：letoffsteam宣泄被压抑的过剩精力或情感。lashout忽然猛击，激烈抨击。leaveoff不再穿某物。leakout泄露，透露。10．Weareonthe______ofanewerainEuropeanrelations.A．thresholdB．adventC．commencementD．departure对的答案：A解析：threshold(某事物发生或运作的)起点。onthethresholdof即将开始。theadventof(重要时期的)来临。commencement开始。11．Nowadays,ourgovernmentadvocatescredittowhateverwedoorwhoeverwecontactwith.Onceyou______yourwords,youwillloseyoursocialstatusandpersonalreputation.A．keepupwithB．giveawaywithC．gobackonD．losesightof对的答案：C解析：gobackon违反(诺言或合同)。keepupwith懂得正在发生的事情。giveawaywith泄露(秘密)。losesightof无视。12．NicholasChauvin,aFrenchsoldier,airedhisvenerationofNapoleonBonaparteso______andunceasinglythathebecamethelaughingstockofallpeopleinEurope.A．vociferouslyB．patrioticallyC．verboselyD．loquaciously对的答案：A解析：vociferously喊叫地，吵闹地。patriotically爱国地。verbosely冗长地，累赘地。loquaciously多嘴地，饶舌地。13．The______companyhasanexcellentreputation-whichisunderstandable,sinceit’sbeeninbusinessfortwentyyearsandhasthousandsofsatisfiedcustomers.A．upstartB．senileC．flourishingD．fledgling对的答案：C解析：upstart暴发户，新贵。senile衰老的。flourishing繁华的，欣欣向荣的。fledgling无经验的人。14．Onemodelisahigh-fashionshowworeahatso______thatithadtobesupportedwithfourpolescarriedbyfourattendants.A．levyB．volumeC．valorousD．voluminous对的答案：D解析：levy动词，征收(捐税，罚款等)。volume名词，体积，容积，容量。valorous勇敢的，勇武的，无畏的。voluminous宽松的，肥大的。15．Therehasbeenagreatdealof______surroundingtheclosureofthehospital.A．discrepancyB．combatC．disparityD．controversy对的答案：A解析：discrepancy差别，不一致。combat战斗。disparity悬殊。controversy论战。16．Thestoutfellowoverthereis______thegreatmagician,CharlieWilliams,himself.A．nootherbutB．noonethanC．nootherthanD．noneotherthan对的答案：D解析：noneotherthan不是别的，正是。17．Asitturnedouttobeasmallhouseparty,we______soformally.A．needn’tdressupB．didnotneedhavedressedupC．didnotneeddressupD．needn’thavedressedup对的答案：D解析：needn’thavedone对过去发生事情的虚拟，表“本不必要，但事实上却”之意。18．Duringtheopera’smostfamousariathetempochosenbytheorchestra’sconductorseemed______,withoutnecessaryrelationtowhathadgonebefore.A．tediousB．melodiousC．capriciousD．cautious对的答案：C解析：capricious变幻莫测的，重复无常的。tedious单调乏味的，沉闷的。melodious音调优美的。cautious谨慎的，小心的。19．Childrenandoldpeopledonotlikehavingtheirdaily______upset.A．habitB．practiceC．routineD．custom对的答案：C解析：routine常规，固定而有规则性的程序。habit习惯，习性。practice惯常做的事，习俗。custom习俗，习惯。20．Oneofthewrongnotionsaboutscienceisthatmanyscientificdiscoverieshavecomeabout______.A．accordinglyB．accidentallyC．artificiallyD．additionally对的答案：B解析：accidentally偶然地，意外地。accordingly因此，从而。artificially人工地。additionally附加地，另外地。21．Courageouspeoplethinkquicklyandactwithout______.A．hesitationB．complaintC．considerationD．anxiety对的答案：A解析：hesitation犹豫，犹豫。complaint埋怨，牢骚。consideration考虑。anxiety焦虑，焦虑。22．Inthepreface______mybook,Iexpressmysinceregratitudetoalltheteachersandfriendswhohavebeenofhelptomeduringmythreeyears’lifeintheuniversity.A．onB．forC．toD．in对的答案：C解析：prefacetoabook书的前言。23．Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflabor-savingutility,theywillhavetooperatewithlesshuman______andbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves—goalsthatposearealchallenge.A．interactionB．supervisionC．availabilityD．disposition对的答案：B解析：supervision监督，管理。interaction互相影响。availability可用性，实用性。disposition布署；性情，脾气。24．Ateighto’clockshelaid______whatevershewasdoingtotellthechildrenastorybeforetheywenttobed.A．awayB．offC．asideD．outof对的答案：C解析：layaside搁置；放弃。layaway贮存。layoff辞退；停止雇用。layout摆开，布置。25．Financialinstitutionswillspendhugesums,rollingournationwidenetworksinBritain,France,SpainandperhapsinGermany.Buttheseedsforthemost______growthwillbesowninAmerica,wheremostbankshavebeenslowtoexperimentwithdigitaldollarsuntilnow.A．spectacularB．splendidC．specifiedD．specialized对的答案：A解析：该句体现“最引人注目的投资将会在美国”之意。spectacular引人注目的，杰出的。splendid华丽的，壮丽的，辉煌的。specified具体的。specialized专门的，专科的。26．Ofallthingsbanishthe______outofyourconversation,andneverthinkofentertainingpeoplewithyourownpersonalconcernsofprivateaffairs.A．egotismB．selfishnessC．conscienceD．consciousness对的答案：A解析：egotism自我中心。selfishness自私自利。conscience良心，道德心。consciousness意识，知觉。27．TheactorwithwhomIplayedthescene______formebeautifully,whisperingtheopeningwordsofeachofmylines,asdidothersinsubsequentscenes.A．coveredupB．brokeupC．madeupD．stirredup对的答案：A解析：coverupforsb为某人掩盖错误或隐瞒罪行等。breakup解散，崩溃。makeup构成，构成。stirup惹起麻烦等。28．I’mafraidtheresultofthecomingelectionisa______conclusion.A．foregoneB．foreseenC．predictableD．prospective对的答案：C解析：predictable可预知的，预料中的。foregone先前的，过去的。foreseen预见的。prospective将来的，盼望中的。A，B，D三项都未体现出预知的“可能性”这一含义。29．Ashetookhisfootofftheclutchtheear______forwardandthepassengerwasalmostthrownthroughthewindscreen.A．lurchedB．swirledC．staggeredD．wobbled对的答案：A解析：lurch忽然或无规则地倾斜。stagger蹒跚。wobble摆动，不稳定。swirl打漩，盘绕。30．Hethumbedthroughtherose______toseeiftherewasanythinghefanciedforhissouth-facingwall.A．brochureB．catalogueC．pamphletD．booklet对的答案：B解析：catalogue目录。brochure涉及推销材料或产品信息的册子。pamphlet不装订的小本出版物。booklet小册子。ReadingComprehensionTheincreaseinleisuretime,thehigherstandardofliving,theavailabilityofcarstoawiderrangeofthepopulationand,perhaps,abroadeningofpersonalhorizonshaveallcontributedtoadrasticchangeinthesummerweek-endhabitsoftheBritishpubliC.Now,onmostSaturdaysinthemonthslooselycalledsummer,itispossibletoseefamilysaloonsloadedwithpicnicsandcrammedtoburstingwithseveralgenerationsofpleasure-bentSmiths’.Likecompetitorsinsomegrosslydisorganizedrally,theynosetheirwaythroughtheneatdrabstreetsofcouncilestates,convergingonthemainroads,thencrawlasbesttheycanoutintotheopencountryandtowardsthecoast.Congestionandthefrustrationofwastingprecioustimeatthereceivingendofsomeoneelse’sexhaustfumesgetsthepursuitofenjoymentofftohadstart;tempersbecomefrayed.Children,traditionallythetargetforfathers’ill-humor,aresingledoutforspecialtreatment.Thepastweek’smisdeedsareunearthedandmagnifiedoutofallreasonableproportion;mothersleaptotheirbroods’defenseand,beforelong,vowsthatneveragainwillthisoutingberepeatedarebeinghurledbackandforth.Ofcourse,bythistime,thechildrenhavewiselyextractedthemselvesfromtheargumentandarequietlyamusingthemselvesbylookingattheirirateeldersorgapingattheunfamiliarsightofanimalsinfields,oftensomuchstrangertothemthanthecorrespondingnakedshapestheyarewonttoseeinbutchers’windows.Eventually,temperspartiallyrestored,theseaisinsight.Theparaphernaliaofenjoymentissetuponteemingbeach,sandmysteriouslyappearsineverysandwich,paleindustriallegsareexposedinself-consciousnakedness.Thechildrendriftaway,quitecapableoffindingenoughmagicinthisexciting,wateryworldtooccupythemfullyuntiltheyaregatheredinagain.Fathersandmothers,andquitepossiblysomemembersofapreviousgeneration,settlebacktoreceivethesunanddreamawaythetensionsbroughttoaclimaxbythejourney.Fatherseyewithfurtivelustfulnessandmothersglarewithdisapprovalandenvyastheshapelymatronsoftomorrowsplashandplayandracecoquettishlyaroundthem,sprayingwaterandsandanddisturbinganyhopesofpeace.Atlengththeshadowsdropandchillintheairbringsanendtotheidyll.Thelobsterskinispainfullycoveredupandtheday’sdebrishalf-heartedlycollected.Thefamilyisroundedupandthebriefdreamstroddenintothesandalongwiththewastedpaper.31．Thewritersuggeststhattempersbecomefrayedbecause______.A．therearetoomanycarelessdriversontheroadsB．therearetoomanycarsontheroadsC．thecarsarecrowdedD．thechildrenareirritating对的答案：B解析：根据第二段第一句呵知，“交通拥挤以及把贵重时间浪费在接受别人车辆的尾气上带来的挫败感使得追求愉快变成了糟糕的开始”，从而造成tempersbecomefrayed“脾气烦躁”，由此可判断因素足路上车太多。32．Howdothefathersreactwhenangry?A．Theystopthechildrenmisbehaving.B．Theycomplainaboutthechildren’swrongdoing.C．Theyareeasytoquarrelwiththemothers.D．Theyshoutattheirwives.对的答案：B解析：第二段第二句讲的是孩子普通是父亲发泄怒气的目的。第三句仍然描述父亲的行为，把孩子上周犯的错重新挖出来并放大。33．Whatdotheyfindwhentheyfinallystop?A．Therearesandwichstallserectedthere.B．Therearefactoryworkerssunbathing.C．Thebeachisverycrowded.D．Thebeachiscoveredwithalotofparaphernali对的答案：C解析：第三段teeming，every等词暗示沙滩上的人密密麻麻。34．Whyaremothersliabletogivedisapprovinglooks?A．Theyresenttheirhusbands’admirationoftheintruders.B．Theyareangryatbeingdisturbedwhentheywantpeaceandquiet.C．Theyhaven’tyetrecoveredfromtheeffectsofthejourney.D．Theyarejealousbecausethesepeopleareinbettershapethantheyar对的答案：A解析：第四段提到Fatherseyewithfurtivelustfulness。丈夫以色迷迷的眼光鬼鬼祟祟地看别的人，因此妻子不乐意。35．Whentheypreparetoleave,they______.A．carefullypackawaythelobsterstheyhavecaughtB．putplastersontheplaceswheretheyhavebeenhurtC．coverovertheirdebriswithwastepaperD．dresscarefullytoavoidanyfurtherirritation对的答案：D解析：从最后一段可知thelobsterskin被coveredup而非packedaway；plasters和hurt在文中并未提及。thedebris被collected而非coveredwithwastepaper。wastedpaper是被troddenintothesand。dress在此处可理解为“整顿”。Everymarketactivityisaninvestmentintime,energyandmoney.Fewcompanieswouldspendalargesumofmoneyon,say,apurchaseofcapitalequipmentwithoutafullinvestigationintowhyitisneeded,thechoicesavailable,andtheexpectedreturnonwhathasbeenspent.Yeteveryyearthevastmajorityofcompaniesinvestalargeamountofmoneyinmarketingactionswithoutknowingwhattheirfinancialworthtothecompanyorlikelyreturnwillbe.Byintroducingthedisciplinesarisingfrommarketplanning,acompanyshouldbeabletoensurethatthecostsofmarketingplanningshowareasonablereturnandarecalculatedinthesamewayasallotherbusinessinvestments.Manymanagersbelievethatthecostsofmarketingformanadditionalexpensethathastobeacceptedinordertoselltheirgoods.Whilstitistruethatmanycompaniesusecertaintoolsofmarketingforthispurpose,itisalsotruethatthemostsuccessfulcompaniesacceptmarketingasanessentialpartofthecompany’stotalcommercialoperation,foritisanessentialcostinthesamewayasproductionorfinance.Companiesoftenavoidplanningmarketingproceduresindetailbecauseoftheeffortneededtoexpresstheirforwardpolicyinawrittenform.Managerscommonlyconsiderthattheirtimeistoovaluabletospendonanythingotherthanurgentoperationalproblems.Infact,themanagerwhospendshistimeondealingwithcurrentadministrativedetailisalmostcertaintohaveignoredproperplanninginthepast.For,ifproperlyprepared,themarketingplanwillcontainsufficientdetailsofthecompany’spolicyandoperationalstrategyfortheworktobedonebyanassistant.Asthemanyalternativecoursesofactionareprogrammed,theassistanttakesanyactionsordecisionswhichareappropriate.Onlyunusualsituationsneedbedealtwithbythemanager.Thefirststepinpreparingamarketingplanisthatofproducingtheinformationnecessaryfordecisionmaking.Usually,acompanywillhavewithinitsownadministrationandcontrolsystemtherawmaterialnecessaryfortheplan’sfoundations.Inaddition,thereisplentyofpublishedinformationwhichismadeavailablebygovernmentdepartments,institutionsandthepress.Marketingresearchisyettobefullyexploitedbythemajorityofcompanies.Ithassofaronlybeenusedbycompaniesthathaverecognizedthattheirexistinginformationsourcesareinadequate.Becauseofthescaleofoperationsthatnowconfrontsthetypicalbusinessman,itisessentialthatinvestmentdecisionsarebaseduponrelevantinformation,soreducingthebusinessrisk.Foramarketing-orientedactivitytoproducelastingresultstheentireoperationhastobesystematicallyplanned.Byproducingbasicinformationinwrittenformandestablishingaimsforthefuture,thecompanyiscreatingstandardsagainstwhichactualperformancecanbemeasureD.Documentationofdetailedpolicyactionsthenprovidesthebasisforcontrollingthecompany’soperation.Futuretrendsmaybepredictedthroughtheinvestigationofallfactorslikelytoinfluencecompanyresults.36．Theamountofmoneyspentonmarketingbymostcompanieseachyear______.A．equalstheamountspentoncapitalequipmentB．doesnotgiveagoodreturnontheinvestmentC．isnotbasedonanassessmentofitspotentialvalueD．isviewedbythesecompaniesasanimportantbusinessinvestment对的答案：C解析：从第一段第三句“Yeteveryyearthevastmajorityofcompanies...orlikelyreturnwillbe.”可知诸多公司小懂得做市场营销能给公司带来什么样的金融价值或回报，即他们做的市场营销不是基于对其潜在价值的评定，故选C项。37．Managersusuallyregardthecostsofmarketingas______.A．somethingwhichincreasesthecostofgoodsB．helpfulbutnotessentialtoacompany’ssuccessC．lessimportantthaninvestmentinproductionD．anunnecessaryextrabusinesscost对的答案：A解析：由“Manymanagersbelievethatthecostsofmarketingformanadditionalexpense”可知许多经理认为营销成本是一项额外耗费，即增加了商品的成本。背面又说“许多成功运行的公司视营销为重要的投资手段”，故可排除其它三个选项。38．Whyaremarketingplansnotwrittendownbymanymanagers?A．Theydonothavetimetodoit.B．Theyknowitwouldbedifficulttodo.C．Theyneverfollowanyparticularmarketingplan.D．Theydonotthinkitisreallynecessary对的答案：D解析：第三段谈到Managerscommonlyconsiderthattheirtimeistoovaluabletospendonanythingotherthanurgentoperationalproblems.“经理们普遍认为他们的时间贵重，与其把时间花在这些紧急的操作问题上，还不如花在任何其它事情上故意义。”他们并非没有时间，因此选项A错误，他们认为没必要写营销计划才是根本因素，故选项D对的。39．Goodmarketingproceduresallowamanager______.A．totakedifferentcoursesofactionB．todolessworkthanothersC．toavoidunforeseenproblemsD．togivemoreresponsibilitytoothers对的答案：B解析：根据第三段最后三句“ifproperlyprepared...needbedealtwithbythemanager.”可知如果准备充足，常规工作都可交由助手做，经理只需解决特殊状况，即经理做的工作就比其别人少了。故选B。40．Howshouldamanagerbeginwritingamarketingplan?A．Bydoingmarketresearchoutsidethecompany.B．Bylookingatinformationproducedbyothercompanies.C．Byanalyzingproceduresalreadyusedbythecompany.D．Byfindinginformationfrommanydifferentsources.对的答案：D解析：从第三段“Thefirsternmentdepartments,institutionsandthepress.”可知准备营销计划的的第一步就是从公司内部、政府部门、机构和新闻界收集需要的信息。选项A、B和C均只是其中的首先，不够全方面，只有选项D对的。Inadditiontourgetoconformwhichwegenerateourselves,thereistheexternalpressureofthevariousformalandinformalgroupswebelongto,thepressuretobacktheirideasandattitudesandtoimitatetheiractions.Thusoururgetoconformreceivescontinuing,evendailyreinforcement.Tobesure,theintensityofthereinforcement,likethestrengthoftheurgeandtheabilityandinclinationtowithstandit,differswidelyamongindividuals.Yetsomepressureispresentforeveryone.Andinonewayoranother,tosomeextent,everyoneyieldstoit.Itispossiblethatanewmemberofatemperancegroupmightobjectthegroup’srigidinsistencethatalldrinkingofalcoholicbeveragesiswrong.Hemightevenspeakout,remindingthemthatoccasional,moderatedrinkingisnotharmful,thateventheBiblespeaksapprovinglyofit.Butthegroupmayquicklylethimknowthatsuchideasareunwelcomeintheirpresence.Everytimeheforgetsthis,hewillbemadetofeeluncomfortable.Intime,ifhevaluestheircompanionshiphewillavoidexpressingthatpointofview.Hemayevenkeephimselffromthinking.Thiskindofpressure,whetherspokenorunspoken,canbegeneratedbyanygroup,regardlessofhowliberalorconservative,formalorcasualitmaybe.Fridaynightpokerclubs,churches,politicalparties,committees,fraternities,unions.Theteenagegangthatstealsautomobileaccessoriesmayseemtohavenotaboos.Butletoneuneasymemberremarkthatheisbeginningtofeelguiltyabouthiscrimesandtheirwrathwilldescendonhim.Similarly,inhighschoolandcollege,thecrowdastudenttravelswithhascertain(usuallyunstateD)expectationsforitsmembers.Iftheydrinkorsmoke,theywilloftenmakethememberwhodoesnotdosofeelthathedoesn’tfullybelong.Ifamemberdoesnotsharetheirviewsonsex,drugs,studying,cheating,oranyothersubjectofimportancetothem,theywillcommunicatetheirdispleasure.Thewaytheycommunicate,ofcourse,maybemoreorlessdirect.Theymaytellhimhe’dbetterconform“orelse”.Theymaylaunchateasingcampaignagainsthim.Ortheymaybeevenlessobviousandleavehimoutoftheiractivitiesforafewdaysuntilheaskswhatiswrongordecidesforhimselfandresolvestobehavemorelikethem.Theurgetoconformonoccasionconflictswiththetendencytoresistchange.Ifthegroupweareinadvocatesanideaoractionthatisnewandstrangetous,wecanbetornbetweenseekingtheiracceptanceandmaintainingthesecurityoffamiliarideasandbehavior.Insuchcases,thewaywetunawilldependonwhichtendencyisstrongerinusorwhichvaluewearemorecommittedto.Moreoften,—however,thetwotendenciesdonotconflictbutreinforceeachother.Forwetendtoassociatewiththosewhoseattitudesandactionsaresimilartoourown.41．Thewritermostprobablydiscusses______inthepreviouspartofthetext.A．advantagesthatconformitybringsusB．internalurgewehavetoconformwithothersC．thedefinitionofconformityD．thenecessityofconformity对的答案：B解析：从第一段的“Inadditiontourgetoconformwhichwegenerateourselves,thereistheexternalpressure...”“除了我们本身产生的顺应别人的推动力以外，尚有外在的压力……”能够得出作者在此之前讨论的是B“顺应别人的内在推动力”42．Youmayexperienceexternalpressuretoconform______.A．whenyouconcealyourpointsofviewB．fromthetimewhenyouwerebornC．whenyouropinionsaredifferentfromthoseofthegrouptowhichyoubelongD．whenyoufacesomethingnew对的答案：C解析：第二段举出了一种例子：一种禁酒组织的新组员可能由于不赞成这个组织严格坚持认为全部的饮酒行为都是错误的这个观点而提出异议，但团体会让他很快懂得这种不同的观点是不受欢迎的。因此能够得出答案C“当你的意见和你所属的团体意见不同时”，你会感到顺应大势所带来的外部压力。43．Atemperancegroupis______.A．anorganizationthatadvocatesdrinkingofalcoholicbeveragesB．anorganizationthaturgespeopletostopdrinkingalcoholicliquorsC．anorganizationinwhichallmembershavenotaboostodrinkalcoholicbeveragesD．anorganizationinwhichalldriversarenotallowedtodrinkalcoholicliquors对的答案：B解析：“temperance”的意思为“节欲，戒洒，禁酒”，如果不清晰这个词的意思也能够从第二段的“thegroup’srigidinsistencethatalldrinkingofalcoholicbeveragesiswrong”“这个组织严格坚持认为全部的饮洒行为都是错误的”，因此，不难选出答案B“禁酒组织是一种激励人们停止饮酒的纰织”。44．Ifyourefusetogiveupyourideaswhicharedifferentfromtheothersinthegroupyoubelongto,______.A．youwillbetomapartbytheothersB．theirwrathwilldescendonyouC．youwillgraduallybedesertedbythemD．youwillresolvetobehavemorelikethem对的答案：C解析：从第二段和第三段的两个例子能够看出，当你回绝放弃自己的与集体不同的观点时，“hewillbemadetofeeluncomfortable”“theirwrathwilldescendonhim.”，大家会“让他感到不安”或“用愤怒攻击他”。因此，选C项“你会渐渐被他们所疏远。”45．Themaintopicofthistextis______.A．theexternalpressurewhichurgesustoconformwithothersB．boththeinternalandexternalurgewehavetoconformwithothersC．theurgeandthetendencyforustoconformwithothersD．thegenerationoftheexternalurgeforustoconformwithothers对的答案：A解析：结合整篇文章内容，抓住核心词中心句：第一段的第一句话，就能够得出整篇文章重要讲的就是选项A“促使我们顺应别人的外在压力”。TheoreticalphysicistsusemathematicstodescribecertainaspectsofNature.SirIsaacNewtonwasthefirsttheoreticalphysicist,althoughinhisowntimehisprofessionwascalled“naturalphilosophy”.ByNewton’serapeoplehadalreadyusedalgebraandgeometrytobuildmarvelousworksofarchitecture,includingthegreatcathedralsofEurope,butalgebraandgeometryonlydescribethingsthataresittingstill.Inordertodescribethingsthataremovingorchanginginsomeway,Newtoninventedcalculus.Themostpuzzlingandintriguingmovingthingsvisibletohumanshavealwaysbeenthesun,themoon,theplanetsandthestarswecanseeinthenightsky.Newton’snewcalculus,combinedwithhis“LawsofMotion”,madeamathematicalmodelfortheforceofgravitythatnotonlydescribedtheobservedmotionsofplanetsandstarsinthenightsky,butalsoofswingingweightsandflyingcannonballsinEngland.Today’stheoreticalphysicistsareoftenworkingontheboundariesofknownmathematics,sometimesinventingnewmathematicsastheyneedit,likeNewtondidwithcalculus.Newtonwasbothatheoristandanexperimentalist.Hespentmanylonghours,tothepointofneglectinghishealth,observingthewayNaturebehavedsothathemightdescribeitbetter.Theso-called“Newton’sLawsofMotion”arenotabstractlawsthatNatureissomehowforcedtoobey,buttheobservedbehaviorofNaturethatisdescribedinthelanguageofmathematics.InNewton’stime,theoryandexperimentwenttogether.Todaythefunctionsoftheoryandobservationaredividedintotwodistinctcommunitiesinphysics.BothexperimentsandtheoriesaremuchmorecomplexthanbackinNewton’stime.TheoristsareexploringareasofNatureinmathematicsthattechnologysofardoesnotallowustoobserveinexperiments.ManyofthetheoreticalphysicistswhoarealivetodaymaynotlivetoseehowtherealNaturecompareswithhermathematicaldescriptionintheirwork.Today’stheoristshavetolearntolivewithambiguityanduncertaintyintheirmissiontodescribeNatureusingmath.Inthe18thand19thcenturies,Newton’smathematicaldescriptionofmotionusingcalculusandhismodelforthegravitationalforcewereextendedverysuccessfullytotheemergingscienceandtechnologyofelectromagnetism.Calculusevolvedintoclassicalfieldtheory.Onceelectromagneticfieldswerethoroughlydescribedusingmathematics,manyphysicistsfeltthatthefieldwasfinished,thattherewasnothinglefttodescribeorexplain.Thentheelectronwasdiscovered,andparticlephysicswasborn.Throughthemathematicsofquantummechanicsandexperimentalobservation,itwasdeducedthatallknownparticlesfellintooneoftwoclasses:bosonsorfermions.Bosonsareparticlesthattransmitforces.Manybosonscanoccupythesamestateatthesametime.Thisisnottrueforfermions,onlyonefermioncanoccupyagivenstateatagiventime,andthisiswhyfermionsaretheparticlesthatmakeupmatter.Thisiswhysolidscan’tpassthroughoneanother,whywecan’twalkthroughwalls—becauseofPaulirepulsion-theinabilityoffermions(matter)tosharethesamespacethewaybosons(forces)can.Whileparticlephysicswasdevelopingwithquantummechanics,increasingobservationalevidenceindicatedthatlight,aselectromagneticradiation,traveledatonefixedspeed(inavacuum)ineverydirection,accordingtoeveryobserver.ThisdiscoveryandthemathematicsthatEinsteindevelopedtodescribeitandmodelitinhisSpecialTheoryofRelativity,whencombinedwiththelaterdevelopmentofquantummechanics,gavebirthtotherichsubjectofrelativisticquantumfieldtheory.Relativisticquantumfieldtheoryisthefoundationofourpresenttheoreticalabilitytodescribethebehaviorofthesubatomicparticlesphysicistshavebeenobservingandstudyinginthelatterhalfofthe20thcentury.ButEinsteinthenextendedhisSpecialTheoryofRelativitytoencompassNewton’stheoryofgravitation,andtheresult,Einstein’sGeneralTheoryofRelativity,broughtthemathematicscalleddifferentialgeometryintophysics.GeneralrelativityhashadmanyobservationalsuccessesthatproveditsworthasadescriptionofNature,buttwoofthepredictionsofthistheoryhavestaggeredthepublicandscientificimaginations:theexpandingUniverse,andblackholes.Bothhavebeenobserved,andbothencapsulateissuesthat,atleastinthemathematics,brushupagainsttheverynatureofrealityandexistence.Relativisticquantumfieldtheoryhasworkedverywelltodescribetheobservedbehaviorsandpropertiesofelementaryparticles.Butthetheoryitselfonlyworkswellwhengravityissoweakthatitcanbeneglected.Particletheoryonlyworkswhenwepretendgravitydoesn’texist.GeneralrelativityhasyieldedawealthofinsightintotheUniverse,theorbitsofplanets,theevolutionofstarsandgalaxies,theBigBangandrecentlyobservedblackholesandgravitationallenses.However,thetheoryitselfonlyworkswhenwepretendthattheUniverseispurelyclassicalandthatquantummechanicsisnot