Unit 4 课时2 Section A3a-4c【学案】（核心提要+精讲专练） 人教版 八年级下册英语教材讲义

Unit4Whydon’tyoutalktoyourparents？课时2SectionB（3a-4c）Learningaims:Importantwords：relation,communication,argue,cloud,elder,instead,whatever,nervous,offer,proper,secondly,explain,clear,getonwith,elderbrother,refusetodosth.,feellonelyandnervous,mindsb.doingsth.Importantwords：copy,return,anymore,sothat,not…anymoreImportantphrases：（1）Whydon'tyouforgetaboutit？Althoughshe'swrong,it'snotabigdeal.（2）—Youlooktired.What'sthematter?—IstudieduntilmidnightlastnightsoIdidn'tgetenoughsleep.（3）—Whatshouldhedo?—Heshouldtalktohisfriendsothathecansayhe'ssorry.（4）—Maybeyoucouldgotohishouse.—IguessIcould,butIdon'twanttosurprisehim.2.熟练掌握和运用询问困难和提建议的表达方式。重点词汇和短语1._______________v.争吵；争论2._______________adv.代替；反而；却3._______________adj.正确的；恰当的4._______________v.解释；说明5._______________adj.焦虑的；担忧的6._______________v.主动提出；自愿给予7._______________n.关系；联系；交往8._______________v.抄袭；模仿；复制；复印9._______________v.归还；回来；返回10._______________（v.）→_______________（n.）交流；沟通11._______________（n.）→_______________（adj.）多云的；阴天的12._______________（adj.）→_______________（adj.）年纪较长的13._______________（pron.）→_______________（pron.）任何；每一14._______________（n.）→_______________（adv.）第二；其次15._______________（adj.）→_______________（adv.）清楚地16.___________________________和睦相处；关系良好1.MyproblemisthatIcan’tgetonwithmyfamily.我的问题是我不能和我的家人和睦相处。（1）本句含有表语从句，thatIcan’tgetonwithmyfamily为表语从句，在句子中作is的表语，对Myproblem进行说明。表语从句是在主从复合句中作表语的从句，常位于连系动词be，look等的后面。引导表语从句的词除了that外，还有what，whether，when，why，where，how等。表语从句和宾语从句一样，要用陈述语序。☞Theproblemiswhetherhewillcome.问题是他是否会来。☞Thisiswhatweneed.这正是我们所需要的。Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis_____________Idisagree.A.whyB.where C.what D.how（2）geton(along)withsb表示＂和某人相处＂。geton(along)wellwithsb表示＂和某人相处得融洽＂，反义词组getonbadlywithsb表示＂和某人相处得不融洽＂。☞Hegetsonwellwithhisboss.他和他的老板相处得很好。☞MrsBlackgetsalongwellwithherneighbors.布莱克夫人和邻居们相处得很好。【知识拓展】getonwithsth表示＂某事进展、进行＂的意思。☞Howareyougettingonwithyourstudies?你的学习进展得怎样？—Idon’twanttoleaveallofyouguys.—Don’tworry.Iamsureyoucan_____________yournewclassmates.A.getonwellwith B.beangrywithC.havedifficultieswith D.comeupwith2.Whentheyargue,it’slikeabig,blackcloudhangingoverourhome.当他们争吵时，就像大片乌云笼罩在我们家上空。（1）arguev.争论；争吵。argue用作不及物动词时，与介词with连用，后跟sb，意为＂与某人争论/争吵＂。☞Wearguedwiththemforalongtime.我们和他们争论了好长时间。☞Don’targuewithyourclassmates.别和你的同学争吵。【知识拓展】①argue与介词about连用，后跟sth，意为＂为……而争论(争吵)＂。☞Theyarealwaysarguingaboutmoney.他们总是为钱争吵。②argue的名词形式为argument。常用短语：haveanargumentwithsb与某人辩论。☞Youshouldn’thaveanargumentwithyourteacheraboutthehomework.你不应该为了家庭作业的事和你的老师争吵。（2）hangover意为＂挂在……上；笼罩＂。☞Thecrescentofanewmoonhungoverthemulberryintheyard.一弯新月高悬在院子里的桑树之上。—What_____________didthey_____________yesterday?—TheplanfortheNationalHolidays.A.other；argue B.else；argueC.other；arguewith D.else；argueabout3.Also,myelderbrotherisnotverynicetome.还有，我哥哥对我也不是很好。elder形容词，意为“年级较长的”，是old的一种比较级形式，主要用于表示家庭成员之间的长幼关系。☞Hiseldersisterisatschool.他姐姐在上学。【易混辨析】●elder表示“前辈的”、“年纪较长的”，仅用于同一家庭成员的比较；older则不限于此。☞Myyoungersonisfiveandmyeldersonisnine。我的小儿子5岁，大儿子9岁。☞TomistwoyearsolderthanI.汤姆比我年长两岁。●elder在句中只用作定语，不作表语；older两者皆可。☞Myeldersisterdoesherhomeworkallbyherself.我的姐姐独自做作业。☞Hiseldersongotmarriedlastweek.他的长子是上星期结婚的。☞Ithinkhismotherisolder.我认为他的母亲年龄大引起。●elder只能用来指人；older既可修饰人，也可修饰修。☞Myelderbrotherjoinedthearmywhenhewasonlyfifteen.我哥哥年仅15负就参了军。☞Thisdogisolderthananyotherdogshere.这条狗在这里是最老的一条。☞Ihaveasisterolderthanmyself.我有位比我大的姐姐。My____brotheristhreeyears____thanI.A.elder;elder B.older;olderC.elder;older D.older;elder4.Insteadhewatcheswhateverhewantsuntillateatnight.相反，晚上他却可以看他想看的任何节目，一直看到很晚。（1）instead是副词，意为＂代替，顶替，反而，却＂。☞Idon’tlikeblue.Givemearedoneinstead.我不喜欢蓝色。给我换个红的吧。☞TheTVprogramisboring,let’splaysoccerinstead.这个电视节目很无聊，咱们还是踢足球吧。【易混辨析】instead为副词，通常放在句首或句末，在句首时常用逗号隔开，表示前面的事没做，而做了后面的事Hedidn’tgotoschool.Instead,hewenttothecinema.他没有去学校，相反他去了电影院。insteadof为介词短语。意为＂代替，而不是＂，后面可以跟与前面并列成分相应的名词、代词、动词-ing形式等作为介词宾语Hewenttothecinemainsteadofgoingtoschool.他去了电影院而不是去上学。①There’snocoffee.Wouldyoulikesometea_____________?②Mymotherwentshoppingonfoot_____________bybus.（2）whateverpron.任何(事物)；每样(事物)。☞Whateverhappens,Iwon’tchangemymind.不管发生什么事，我都不会改变主意的。【知识拓展】whatever相当于nomatterwhat，引导让步状语从句。☞Nomatterwhat/Whateveryousay,we’llcarryontheexperiment.不管你说什么，我们都要继续试验。Youcancometomeforhelp_____________difficultiesyouface.A.whatB.howC.howeverD.whatever5.Ifyourparentsarehavingproblems,youshouldoffertohelp.如果你的父母遇到问题，你应该主动提供帮助。offer作动词，意为＂主动提出；自愿给予＂，常见结构为offertodosth＂主动提出做某事＂；offersbsth或offersthtosb＂为某人提供某物＂。☞Youcanofferhimapieceofadvice.你可以给他一条建议。☞Thelittleboyofferedhisseattoanoldladyonthecrowdedbus.在拥挤的公共汽车上，小男孩主动把他的座位让给一位年老的女士。【易混辨析】provide，give和offer的区别三个词均有＂供给；供应＂之意，区别主要在结构上。【温馨提示】若offer所接的直接宾语和间接宾语都为代词时，只能用后者，即offerittosb(代词)。IwantedtoseetheBeijingOpera,soLinglingoffered_____________metowatchanopera.A.tookB.takesC.totakeD.taking6.Secondly,whydon’tyousitdownandcommunicatewithyourbrother?其次，你为什么不坐下来和你的哥哥沟通呢？communicatewithsb意为＂与某人交流/沟通＂。其中communicate为不及物动词，意为＂交流，沟通＂，其名词形式为communication。 ☞Ioftencommunicatewithmyfriendsbyletter.我经常与朋友书信交流。【知识拓展】communicationn.交流；通信☞Chattingonlineisakindofnewcommunicationforyoungpeople.对年轻人来说网上聊天是一种新的沟通方式。A.dependon B.communicatewith C.believein7.Secondly,whydon’tyousitdownandcommunicatewithyourbrother?其次，你为什么不坐下来和你的哥哥沟通？（1）secondly副词，意为“第二，其次”，常与firstly,thirdly…lastly等词连用，表示列举事实或理由等。☞Firstly,it'sexpensive,andsecondly,it'stooslow.首先是价格贵，其次，速度太慢。（2）communicatewithsb.意为“和某人交流”。其中communicate为不及物动词，意为“交流，沟通”，其名词形式为communication。☞Dolphinsusesoundtocommunicatewitheachother.海豚用声音相互沟通。Manyparentshopethattheirchildren

theirfriendsfacetofaceinsteadoflyingontheirbedstextingeachother.A.competewith B.livewithC.quarrelwith D.communicatewith8.Youshouldexplainthatyoudon’tmindhimwatchingTVallthetime.你应该说明你不介意他总是看电视。（1）explain“解释，说明”。explainsth.tosb.意为“向某人解释某事/某物”。其名词形式为explanation（解释）。☞Itwasdifficulttoexplaintheproblemtobeginners.对初学者解释这个问题很难。It'ssodifficultasentencethatIhadtoexplain____.A.thestudentsitB.ittothestudentsC.tothestudentsit D.itthestudents（2）mindsb.doingsth.意为“介意某人做某事”。☞Doyourparentsmindyourleavinghome?你父母舍得你离开家吗？Wouldyoumind________here?A.Ismoking B.mysmokingC.IsmokedD.mysmoke9.Mycousinborrowsmythingswithoutreturningthem.我表弟借我的东西不归还。return此处用作及物动词，意为＂归还＂，相当于give...back。短语returnsbsth=returnsthtosb，意为＂把某物归还给某人＂。☞【知识拓展】（1）returnv.回来；回去；相当于comeback或goback，returnto相当于gobackto/comebackto，注意return不可与back连用。☞Wewentback/cameback/returnedtothehotelateightlastnight.我们昨晚8点回到了旅馆。（2）return作及物动词，意为＂归还，还给＂，后无须再用back，此时return相当于giveback(后接代词放中间)。returnsthtosb=returnsbsth。☞Iwillgetannoyedwhenmyclassmatesborrowmyeraseranddon’treturnit.当同学借我的橡皮不还时，我会很生气。☞Pleasereturnthemoneytoher.请把钱还给她。【注意】return是非延续性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。ItheCDstoyouifIhavetimetomorrow.A.willreturn B.returned C.havereturned D.return15.Youleftyourhomeworkathome.你把作业忘在家里了。leave(left,left)此处用作及物动词，意为“遗留；落下”，常用结构为“leavesth.+介词短语（地点状语）”，表示“把某物遗忘在某处”。☞Ileftmybagintheclassroom.我把我的包忘在教室里了。【易混辨析】leave/forgetleave“遗留，落下”，指把某物忘在某地，其后接地点状语。forget“忘记”，指由于记忆上的忽略而忘记了某人或某事，后面可接名词，todo不定式或动词-ing形式，不可接地点状语。☞Sheleftherkeysintheroom.她把钥匙忘在房间里了。☞Iforgotheraddress.我忘了她的地址。—Sorry,Mr.Green.I_____myEnglishbookathome.—That’sOK,butdon’tforgetnexttime.A.forgot B.forgetC.left D.kept一、单项选择1．Thehotel________us________alargeroom.A．provides;for B．offers;to C．provides;with D．offers;with2．—Iamgoingtothesupermarket.Letmegetyousomemilk.—OK.Thanksforyour________.A．order B．information C．offer D．notice3．I________theirhard-workingspirit.Idecidetolearnfromthem.A．accept B．argue C．admire D．refuse4．—Theworking________ofworkershaveimprovedalotrecently.—That’swhytheyseempleasedwiththeirjobs.A．habits B．knowledge C．communication D．conditions5．Wewerehappywithhardwork________wedidn’twinthebasketballgame.A．but B．if C．since D．although二、用所给单词适当形式填空6．ThankstotheInternet,the________(communicate)betweenpeoplebecomesmucheasier.7．Restaurantsmuststop________(offer)thefreeplasticbagsinSuzhouunlessthecustomersaskforthem.8．It’s________（clearly）thatthelittlemoneyheearnscanhardlysupporthisfamily.9．Ilikegoingtoschoolbybike.Firstly,itisfast.________（second）,itisgoodformyhealth.10．Ifsomeoneisintrouble,weshouldoffer________(help).三、完形填空Helenwassittinginthegardenreadingherfavoritebook.Sometimelater,herold____11____satbesideher.Suddenly,shepointedatsomethingandaskedHelenwhatitwas.Helenlookedatitandtoldheritwasasparrow(麻雀).Helenwas____12____bythesimplequestion.Helenwentonreading.Several____13____later,heroldmotheraskedherthesamequestionandHelenfounditwasthesamebird.Afteralittlewhile,theoldwomanagainaskedthequestionaboutthesparrow.ThistimeHelengot____14____.Sheshoutedathermotherforaskingthequestionagainandagain.Theoldwoman____15____stoodupandenteredthehouse.Helencontinuedreadingherbook.Afewminutespassedandheroldmother____16____besideheragain.SheopenedanolddiaryandputitinfrontofHelen.Helenpickedupthediaryandbegantoreadit.Itsaid,“Today,whileIwas____17____inthegarden,mylittleHelencametome.Lookingatasparrowonatree,mychildaskedmewhatitwas.I____18____ather,saiditwasasparrowandkissedher.Afterawhile,littleHelenaskedthequestionagain.ThiswentonuntilshewentbackintothehousewithmeafterIfinishedmywork.LittleHelenaskedmeatleasttentimesandIkeptonansweringherand____19____her.”TearscameintoHelen’seyes.Sheclosedthe____20____andfeltverysorryforwhatshedid.Sherealizedthatsheshouldtreathermotherthewayhermothertreatedher.11．A．father B．mother C．brother D．sister12．A．fooled B．scared C．moved D．surprised13．A．minutes B．hours C．days D．weeks14．A．sad B．anxious C．cold D．angry15．A．suddenly B．quickly C．silently D．clearly16．A．sat B．stood C．asked D．cried17．A．walking B．playing C．running D．working18．A．laughed B．shouted C．smiled D．knocked19．A．kissing B．helping C．beating D．punishing20．A．novel B．diary C．magazine D．door四、阅读理解ADearMr.HAPPY,Ihavetwobestfriendsbuttheydon’tlikeeachother.EverytimeIwanttohangoutwithbothofthem,theyneverwanttogoandalwaysgetangrywithme.WhenIhangoutwithonebutnottheother,theotheronewillgetjealous.Iwantallofustobegoodfriends,butIdon’tknowwhattodo.Isthereanybodywhocanhelpme?AdvicefromHelen,GuangzhouYouneedtoaskbothofthemwhytheydon’tlikeeachother.Youshoulddosomethingtomakethemlikeeachotheragain.Youcaninvitebothofthemtoyourhouse,withouttellingthemthatheorshewillbethere.Letthemstaythereforabout30minutes.Seeiftheycantalkwitheachother.Hopethishelps!AdvicefromLaura,ShanghaiJackismygoodfriend.HeisinTianjin,notfarfromyou.Hehadthesameproblemlastyear.Hesaysiftheyarereallyyourbestfriends,youshouldletthemknowthatyoulikebothofthem.Andtheyshouldtrytobenicetoeachotherbecausetheyhavethesamefriend—you!21．Kate’stwofriends________.A．can’tgetonwellwithKate B．can’tgetonwellwitheachotherC．nevergetangrywithKate D．alwayshangoutwithKate22．Theunderlinedword“jealous”means“________”inChinese.A．喜爱的 B．骄傲的 C．妒忌的 D．谨慎的23．Helencomesfrom________.A．Beijing B．Guangzhou C．Tianjin D．Shanghai24．WhichofthefollowingisNOTHelen’sadviceforKate?A．Findoutwhytheydon’tlikeeachother.B．Dosomethingtomakethemlikeeachother.C．Givethemachancetotalkwitheachother.D．Tellthemyoulikebothofthem.25．Fromthepassageweknow________.A．Katelikeshangingoutwithbothofherfriends.B．HelenandLauraareKate’stwobestfriends.C．HelenandKatecan’tgetonwellwitheachother.D．Kate,HelenandLauraarefromthesameplace.BEveryonegetsangry.Manythingsmaymakeyouangry.Maybeyourteachergaveyoutoomuchhomework.Ormaybeafriendborrowedyourfavoritevideogameandthenbrokeit.Youmaygetangrywhensomethingdoesn’tgoyourway.Maybeyougetmadatyourselfwhenyourteamlosesanimportantgame.Ormaybeyoubecomearoadrager(路怒族)whenadriveraccidentallycutsinfrontofyou.Thatmakesyouangry!Youneedtoknowwhattodowithyouranger.Herearesomethingsyoucandowhenyoufeelangry:Talktoafriendyoucantrust.Countto10.Getorgiveahug.Takesomeexercise.Drawapictureofyouranger.Playavideogame.Runaroundtheoutsideofthehousefivetimesasfastasyoucan.SingalongwiththeCDplayer.Pullweedsinthegarden.Thinkgoodthoughts(maybeaboutafunvacationoryourfavoritesport).Takeabikeride,goskating,playbasketball—dosomethingactive!Nevergettingangryisimpossible.Butwhenyou’reangry,youcandosomethinganditcanmak