Unit 2 课时5 Section B（3a-SelfCheck）【学案】（核心提要+精讲专练） 人教版 八年级下册英语教材讲义

Unit2I’llhelptocleanupthecityparks.课时5SectionB（3a-SelfCheck）Learningaims:1.复习动词不定式的不同用法。掌握生词interest,sir,madam。2.能够用英语表述常见的志愿活动，并就自己喜欢的志愿活动发表看法。重点词汇和短语1.打扫干净___________________2.(使)变得更高兴；振奋起来___________________3.分发；散发___________________4.放弃___________________5.张贴___________________6.推迟___________________7.打电话给(某人)___________________8.修理；解决___________________9.赠送；捐赠___________________10.建立；设立___________________11.帮助解决困难___________________12.用完___________________13.想出；提出___________________（一）动词不定式动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为＂to＋动词原形＂，其中to不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品词，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语，在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。本单元主要学习其作宾语、状语、宾补的用法。◆动词不定式的形式及性质（1）动词不定式的基本形式：todo（to有时可省略）；（2）动词不定式变否定：not（to）do；（3）动词不定式无人称变化；（4）动词不定式仍保留动词特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语。☞tospeakatthemeeting在会议上发言toreadnewspapers看报纸◆动词不定式的句法作用一、作宾语动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：begin，want，remember，agree，learn，like，decide，fail，pretend，demand，refuse等。☞Youmustlearntolookafteryourself.你必须学着照顾自己。☞Theyvolunteertocleanupthehousefortheoldlady.他们自愿给老人打扫房子。☞Theywouldliketocomebybus.他们想乘公共汽车来。二、作宾语补足语。☞ItellhimtoarriveonSunday.我让他周日到达。☞LiLeiaskedhisdeskmatetohelphimwithEnglish.李磊请同桌帮他学英语。☞Theteacheraskedthestudentstoreaditagain.那个老师让学生们又把它读了一遍。动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示宾语所做的动作，可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：tell，ask，want，like，invite，encourage，help等。但在see，watch，hear，feel，notice等感官动词或let，make，have等使役动词后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式一般要省略动词不定式符号＂to＂，可以归纳为以下三种句式：1.不可以省to的不定式作宾语补足语：tell/ask/want/wouldlike/wish/suppose/invite/encourage/teach/dependon等+sb+todosth☞Theteachertoldustocomeearliertomorrow.老师告诉我们明天早点来。☞Herparentswishhertobeateacher.她的父母希望她成为一名教师。2.省＂to＂的不定式作宾语补足语：（1）Let/make/have+sb+dosth☞Lettheboygooutnow.让那个男孩现在出去。☞Theymadethechildrenplaythepiano6hoursadaylastmonth.上个月他们让这些孩子每天弹6个小时的钢琴。学&科网（2）see/watch/hear/notice/feel+sb+dosth☞Iheardthemarguethismorning.今天早上我听到他们吵架了。（强调整个过程）

【注意】①help带不带to均可以。☞Ioftenhelpmymother(to)dohousework.我经常帮助妈妈做家务。②此类动词后用不带to的不定式作宾补，当变被动时，必须还原to。☞WilliamisoftenseentoplayChinesekungfuinthepark.人们常看到威廉在公园练中国功夫。4.否定形式：（1）动词不定式的否定式是直接在to前加上not。☞Tellthemnottoplayfootballinthestreet.（2）省to的动词不定式的否定式是直接在动词前面加not。☞Lettheboynotgo.不要让那个男孩走。1．Mymotheroftentellsme________atschool.A．notfight B．notfighting C．don’tfight D．nottofight三、作状语（1）作目的状语。☞Hestoppedtohavearest.他停下来休息。强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用inorderto或soasto+动词原形，soasto不可用于句首。☞Thebusstoppedsoastopickuppassengers.公共汽车停下来以便接乘客。（2）作结果状语。☞Hewokeuponlytofindeverybodygone.他醒来时才发现所有的人都走了。☞HisgrandmalivedtoseetheliberationofChina.他奶奶活到了中国解放。☞Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.他年龄足够大了，可以去上学了。（3）在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后作原因状语。☞I’mproudtohavetakenpartinthecompetitions.很荣幸参加了这些竞赛。☞I’mhappytohavefoundmanythingsIcando.很高兴找到了很多我能做的事。1．Youneedtochange________livebetter.A．inorderthat B．inorderto C．sothat D．inorder◆动词不定式可以和what，which，how，where，when等特殊疑问词连用。☞ThequestionisIdon’tknowwhentostart.问题是我不知道什么时候开始。☞Youdonotknowwhattodoandhowtodoit.你不知道要去做什么或者怎么做。（二）动词短语短语动词是一种固定词组，由动词加介词或副词等构成，其作用相当于一个动词。◆构成：常见的形式有：1.动词＋副词，如：putup2.动词＋介词，如：lookat3.动词＋副词＋介词，如：runoutof4.动词＋名词＋介词，如：takecareof◆动词＋副词（1）常见的相当于及物动词的这类短语动词有：cheerup（振奋起来），cleanup（打扫干净），setup（建立），putup（搭建，张贴），cutup（切碎），fixup（修理），workout（算出），giveout（分发），giveaway（赠送），thinkover（仔细思考），turnover（把……翻过来），handin（上交）等。【注意】此类短语相当于及物动词时，后面必须跟宾语，若名词作宾语，可以放在副词前面或后面，但代词作宾语时，必须置于副词之前。例：1．It’sdangerousforpeople________themobilephonewhentheycrossthestreet.A．lookat B．lookingat C．tolookat D．lookedat2．Ihavenopaper.Couldyougivemeapieceofpaper________?A．towritein B．writein C．towriteon D．writeon（2）常见的相当于不及物动词的这类短语动词有：getup（起床），startoff（动身），comeback（回来），getdown（下来），holdon（等一下；别挂断），lookout（当心，小心），getaway（逃离）等。◆动词＋介词这种结构的短语动词在句中作谓语时，后面必须接宾语。常见的有：lookfor（寻找），standfor（代表），waitfor（等待），payfor（付费），sendfor（派人去请），takeafter（像），hearfrom（收到……的来信），hearof（听说），dependon（依靠）等。◆动词＋副词＋介词这种短语动词相当于及物动词，介词后面须跟宾语。常见的有：addupto（总共是），catchupwith（赶上），lookdownupon（瞧不起），runoutof（耗尽，用光）◆动词＋名词＋介词这种短语动词相当于及物动词，后面需接宾语，有时名词前可以加形容词修饰。常见的有：makefunof（取笑），makeuseof（利用），payattentionto（注意），takecareof（照顾）等。【注意】这类短语动词后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。Heistakingcareofhislittlebrother.他在照顾他弟弟。Weshouldn’tmakefunofothers.我们不应该嘲笑他人。一、单项选择1．Heinvitedhertohisbirthdayparty,butsherefused________.A．togo B．going C．togoing D．go2．Hewarnsme________intheriver.A．nottoswim B．notswimming C．notswim D．noswim3．Therearesomanykindsofmobilephoneshere.Ican’tdecide________.A．whattobuy B．tobuywhatC．whichtobuy D．tobuywhich4．—I’dliketo________myfoodtomyclassmateswhentheyarehungry.—Youaresokind.A．getup B．eatup C．giveout D．getout5．Thedoctorsdidwhattheycould________thegirlwhocaughtCovid-19.A．tosave B．saving C．save D．saved二、用所给单词适当形式填空6．Mom,whencanIlearn________(paint)?7．Ithinkbookscanmakeabig________(different)tous.8．Therearemanyplacesof__________(interest)wecouldvisitinBeijing.9．Hewasso__________（excite）whenheheardthenews.10．Youcan’timaginehowmany__________（difficult）wemet.三、完形填空ThankyouforallyourhardworklastweekendraisingmoneyforSunnyHouseOldPeople’sHome.Weall____11____agreattimeanditwasnicetoseealotofnewvolunteers!Hereiswhatwe____12____lastweekend.OnSaturday,somevolunteerswenttoSunnyHouseOldPeople’sHome.FionaandTom____13____someoftheoldpeople.David,JohnandAlicemadeteafor____14____.SamplayedthepianoandSallywashedtheladies’hair.Intheevening,weputonacharity____15____fortheoldpeople.Itmadethemvery____16____.GraceplayedtheviolinandNicksangsongs.Someoftheoldpeoplesangalongwiththem.OnSunday,weheldafairontheschoolplayground.Inthemorning,we____17____food,drinks,andsomeotherthingsforthefair.NancyandAnnhelpedoneanothertobuyfruitfortheirstalls.LeoandPiphelpedoneanotherto____18____oldbooks,magazinesandcomicsfortheirstalls.AmyandTomhelpedeachotherdecorate(装饰)theirstalls.Intheafternoon,NancysoldfruitsaladandAnnsoldfruitjuice.LeoandPipsoldoldbooks,magazinesandcomics.Johandedoutflags.Hegavetheflagstopeople____19____puttheirdonationsintohisbasket.Manystudentsandtheirfamiliescametothefairand______20______money.WehaveraisedalotofmoneyforSunnyHouseOldPeople’sHome.Thankyou!11．A．found B．had C．spent D．took12．A．did B．ate C．saw D．had13．A．fixedup B．madefunof C．playedchesswith D．tookafter14．A．nobody B．oneself C．someone D．everyone15．A．class B．show C．website D．advertisement16．A．happy B．similar C．scared D．sleepy17．A．borrowed B．repaired C．organized D．imagined18．A．write B．fill C．buy D．collect19．A．what B．where C．who D．when20．A．donated B．coached C．set D．reported四、阅读理解TerryFoxwasonlyseventeenwhenhegotcancer(癌症).Hemusthavefelthopelesswhenthedoctorsaidhisrightlegwouldhavetobecutoff6inches(英寸)abovetheknee.Buttoeveryone’ssurprise,TerryFoxmadeuphismindtobecomealong-distance(长距离的)runneranddosomethingaboutthecancer.Whatadream!Althoughitseemedimpossible,Terrydecidedtorunacrossthewholecountry.Hehopedtoraiseonemilliondollarsforcancerresearch.Fewpeoplebelievedhewouldmakeit.Anyway,onApril12,1980,TerryFoxbeganhisMarathonofHope.Forthefirstfewdaysofhismarathon,TerryFoxwasalone.Hestartedrunningat4:30am.Daybyday,peoplebegantorealizethatsomethingbigwashappeningonthelonelyroad.AspeoplesawTerry,theystoppedanddonated(捐赠)moneyforcancerresearch.However,hishealthtookarapidturnfortheworseseveralmonthslater.HehadtogiveuphismarathononSeptember1,1980.Terrydiedthreemonthslater,attheageof22.Inhisshortlife,heraised$24millionforcancerresearch—onedollarforeachpersoninhismotherland.Sincehisdeath,theyearlyTerryFoxRun,firstheldin1981,hasgrowntobetheworld’slargestone—dayfundraiser(募捐活动)forcancerresearch.21．WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph2mean?A．Thedreamwasverystrange. B．Itwassuchasillydream.C．Thedreamwaseasytoachieve. D．Itwasalmostanimpossibledream.22．Terrygaveuphismarathonin1980because________.A．hefoundittootiring B．nobodysupportedhimC．hewastoosicktocontinue D．heraisedenoughmoney23．WhendidTerryFoxgetcancer?A．In1975. B．In1980. C．In1981. D．In1958.24．HowmuchmoneydidTerryraiseforcancerresearchinhisshortlife?A．$2.4million. B．$24billion. C．$24million. D．$2.4billion.25．Whatisthewriter’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A．TotelluswhenTerryFoxRunwasfirstheld.B．Totellusnottogiveupwhenfaci