卷三 2016年6月英语六级真题及答案

2016年6月英语六级真题及答案PartI Writing （30minutes）Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayontheuseofrobots.Trytoimaginewhatwillhappenwhenmoreandmorerobotstaketheplaceofhumanbeingsinindustryas-wellaspeople'sdailylives.Youarerequiredtowriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)说明：2016年6月大学英语六级考试全国共考了两套听力。本套的听力内容与第二套相同，因此本套听力部分不再重复给出。PartID ReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Let’ssayyouloveroller-skating.Justthethoughtof26onyourroller-skatesbringsasmiletoyourface.Youalsoknowthatroller-skatingisexcellentexercise.Youhavea27attitudetowardit.Thisdescriptionofroller-skating28thethreecomponentsofanattitude:affect,cognition,andbehavior.Youlovetheactivity;ifsgreatfun.Thesefeelings29theaffectiveoremotionalcomponent;theyareanimportantingredientinattitudes.Theknowledgewehaveabouttheobjectconstitutesthecognitivecomponentofanattitude.Youunderstandthehealth30thattheactivitycanbring.Finally,attitudeshaveabehavioralcomponent.Ourattitudes31ustogooutsidetoenjoyroller-skating.Now,wedon'twanttoleaveyouwiththe32thatthesethreecomponentsalwaysworktogether33.Theydon't;sometimestheyclash.Forexample,Let’ssayyoulovepizza(affectivecomponent);however,youhavehighcholesterolandunderstand(knowledgecomponent)thateatingpizzamaybebadforyourhealth.Whichbehaviorwillyourattituderesultin,eatingpizzaor34it?Theanswerdependsonwhichcomponenthappenstobestronger.Ifyouarewalkingpastapizzarestaurantatlunchtime,youremotionsandfeelingsprobablywillbestrongerthanyourknowledgethatpizzamaynotbethebestfoodforyourhealth.Inthatinstance,youhavepizzaforlunch.Ifyouareathometryingtodecidewheretogofordinner,however,theknowledgecomponentmay35,andyoudecidetogowhereyoucaneatahealthiermeal.A)Avoiding B)Benefits C)Highlight D)Illustrates E)Impression F)Improves G)Inquiring H)Perfectly I)PositiveJ)PrevailK)PrimarilyL)PromptM)SpecificationsN)StrappingO)TypicalSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.TheChangingGeneration[A]Itturnsouttoday'steenagersaren'tsoscaryafterall.ResultsofUSAWEEKEND'STeens&Parentssurveyrevealagenerationofyoungpeoplewhogetalongwellwiththeirparentsandapproveofthewaythey'rebeingraised.Theythinkoftheirparentswithaffectionandrespect.TheyspeakwithMomorDadwhentheyhaveaproblem.Mostfeelthattheirparentsunderstandthem,andtheybelievetheirfamilyistheNo.1priorityintheirparents*lives.Manyeventhinktheirparentsarecool!Althoughmorethanathirdhaveanobjectintheirroomstheywouldliketokeepsecretfromtheirparents,rarelyisitanythingmorealarmingthanadiaryoroff-color(低俗的)bookorCD.[B]Suchresultsmayseemsurprisingagainstthebackgroundofshockingincidentsthatcolorthewaythemassmediaportraytheyoung.InOctober2000,thesamemonththesurveywastaken,theWashingtonbasedCenterforMediaandPublicAffairswroteinitspublicationMediaMonitorthat,inarecentmonthofTVnewscoverageofAmericanyouth,just2%ofteenswereshownathome,andjust1%wereportrayedinaworksetting.Incontrast,thecriminaljusticesystemaccountedfornearlyoneoutofeveryfivevisualbackgrounds.Nowonderparentsworrytheirownkidsmightspinoutofcontroloncetheyhittheturbulentwatersofadolescence.[C]Theoverallfactsoughttoreassureus.Thesurveyshowsusthattoday'steensareaffectionate,sensibleandfarhappierthantheangryandtorturedsoulsthathavebeenpaintedforusbystereotypes.Fromothersources,wealsoknowteenagecrime,drugabuseandpremaritalsexareingeneraldecline.We,ofcourse,needtopayattentiontoyoungsterswhoarefilledwithdiscontentandhostility,butweshouldnotallowtheseextremecasestodistortourviewofmostyoungpeople.[D]MyownresearchattheStanfordCenteronAdolescenceusesin-depthinterviewswithsmallsamplesofyoungstersratherthanlarge-scalesurveys.Still,inmystudiesandothers1haveread,IfindthesamepatternsasinUSAWEEKEND’Ssurvey.Today'steenagersadmiretheirparentsandwelcomeparentalguidanceaboutimportantmatterssuchascareerchoice—thoughcertainlynotMomandDad'sadviceonmattersofpersonaltaste,suchasmusicorfashion.Whenweaskteenstochooseahero,theyusuallyselectanolderfamilymemberratherthanaremotepublicfigure.Mostteenssaytheyenjoythecompanyofbothparentsandfriends.[E]Contrarytosomestereotypes,mostadolescentsbelievetheymustbetolerantofdifferencesamongindividuals（thoughtheydonotalwaysfindthiseasyinthecliquish（拉帮结派的）environmentofhighschool）.Manyofthemvolunteerforcommunityservicewithdisadvantagedpeople.Oneprevalentqualitywehavefoundinteens'statementsaboutthemselves,theirfriendsandtheirfamiliesisastrikinglypositiveemotionaltone.Byandlarge,theseareverynicekids,andasthebandTheWhousedtosing,"Thekidsarealright."[F]Howmuchistoday'sspiritofharmonyachangefromourmoreturbulentpast?Ameregenerationago,parent-childrelationsweredescribedas"thegenerationgap".Yeteventhenreportsofwidespreadyouthrebellionwereoverdone:Mostkidsinthe560sand70ssharedtheirparents*basicvalues.Still,itistruethatAmericanfamiliesaregrowingcloseratthedawnofthisnewmillennium（千禧年）.Perhapsthereislesstofightabout,withthecountryinaperiodoftranquilityandthedangersofdrugabuseandotherunwholesomebehaviorwellknown.Perhapsinthefaceofimpersonalandintimidatingglobalization,ayoungperson'sfamilyfeelsmorelikeafriendlyhaventhananoppressivetrap.Andperhapsparentsareactingmorelikeparentsthanintherecentpast.Withinjustthepastfiveyears,Ihavenoticedparentsreturningtoabeliefthatteenagersneedtheguidanceofeldersratherthantheliberal,"anythinggoes"modeofchild-rearingthatbecamepopularinthesecondhalfofthe20thcentury.[G]Butmissingfromallthesedataisthesensethattoday'syoungcareverymuchabouttheircountry,aboutthebroadercivicandpoliticalenvironment,oraboutthefutureoftheirsociety.Theyseemtobeturninginward—generallyinapro-socialmanner,certainlywithpositivebenefitsforintimaterelationships,buttoooftenattheexpenseofaconnectionwiththepresentandfutureworldbeyond,includingthesocietytheywillonedayinherit.[H]Recently,weexaminedmorethan400essaysontheLawsofthatteensfromtwocommunitieshadwrittenaspartofaneducationalprograminitiatedbytheJohnTempletonFoundationinRadnor,Pa.Inthoseessays,andinfollow-upinterviewswithafewoftheteenagers,wefoundlotsofinsight,positivefeelingandinspirationalthinking.Butwealsofoundlittleinterestinciviclifebeyondthetightcirclesoftheirfamilyandimmediatefriends.[I]Forexample,onlyoneboysaidhewouldliketobepresidentwhenhegrowsup.WhenIwasinhighschool,dozensinmyclassalonewouldhaveanswereddifferently.Infact,otherrecentstudieshavefoundtherehasneverbeenatimeinAmericanhistorywhensosmallaproportionofyoungpeoplehavesoughtoracceptedleadershiprolesinlocalcivicorganizations.Itisalsotroublingthatvotingratesamongouryoungesteligiblevoters—18-to24-year-olds—arewaydown:Littlemorethanoneinfournowgotothepolls,eveninnationalelections,comparedwithalmosttwicethatmanywhen18-year-oldswerefirstgiventhevote.[J]Inourinterviews,manystudentsviewedpoliticswithsuspicionanddistaste."Mostpoliticiansarekindofcrooked(不诚实的)，”onestudentdeclared.Another,discussingnationalpolitics,said,"Ifeellikeonepersoncan'tdothatmuch,andIgettheimpressionmostpeopledon'tthinkagroupofpeoplecandothatmuch."Askedwhattheywouldliketochangeintheworld,thestudentsmentionedonlypersonalconcernssuchasslowingdownthepaceoflife,gaininggoodfriends,becomingmorespiritual,becomingeithermoremateriallysuccessfulorlessmateriallyoriented(dependingonthestudent'svalues),andbeingmorerespectfuloftheEarth,animalsandotherpeople.Oneboysaid,"I'dratherbeconcentratingonartisticeffortsthansavingtheworldorsomething.”[K]Itisfineandhealthyforteenstocultivatetheirpersonalinterests,anditisgoodnewswhenyoungpeopleenjoyharmoniousrelationswiththeirfamilyandfriends.Butthereisalsoaplaceinayounglifefornoblepurposesthatincludeadedicationtothebroadersociety,aloveofcountryandanaspirationtomaketheirownleadershipcontributions.[L]Inthepast,theyounghaveeagerlyparticipatedinnationalserviceandcivicaffairs,oftenwithlotsofenergyandidealism.Ifthisisnothappeningtoday,weshouldaskwhy.Oursocietyneedsthefullparticipationofitsyoungercitizensifitistocontinuetothrive.Weknowthepromiseisthere—thisisawell-grounded,talented,warm-heartedgroupofyoungsters.Wehaveeverythingtogainbyencouragingthemtoexploretheworldbeyondtheirimmediateexperienceandtopreparethemselvesfortheirturnatshapingthatworld.36.Notmanyyoungpeopleeligibleforvotingareinterestedinlocalornationalelectionsthesedays.37.Parentsareconcernedthattheirchildrenmaygetinvolvedincriminaloffencesoncetheyreachtheirteens.38.Evenduringtheturbulentyearsoflastcentury,youthrebellionwasoftenexaggeratedinthemedia.39.Teenagersoftodayoftenturntotheirparentsforadviceonsuchimportantmattersascareerchoice.40.Theincidenceofteenagecrimeandmisbehaviorisdecreasingnowadays.41.Youngpeopleshouldhaveloftyidealsinlifeandstrivetobeleaders.42.Someyoungpeopleliketokeepsomethingtothemselvesanddon'twanttheirparentstoknowaboutit.43.Itisbeneficialtoencourageyoungpeopletoexplorethebroaderworldandgetreadytomakeitabetterplace.44.Manyteenagersnowoffertorenderservicetotheneedy.45.Interviewswithstudentsfindmanyofthemareonlyconcernedaboutpersonalmatters.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ManufacturersofproductsthatclaimtobeenvironmentallyfriendlywillfacetighterrulesonhowtheyareadvertisedtoconsumersunderchangesproposedbytheFederalTradeCommission.Thecommission'srevised"GreenGuides"warnmarketersagainstusinglabelsthatmakebroadclaims,like"eco-friendly".Marketersmustqualifytheirclaimsontheproductpackagingandlimitthemtoaspecificbenefit,suchashowmuchoftheproductisrecycled."Thisisreallyabouttryingtocutthroughtheconfusionthatconsumershavewhentheyarebuyingaproductandthatbusinesseshavewhentheyaresellingaproduct,”saidJonLeibowitz,chairmanofthecommission.Therevisionscomeatatimewhengreenmarketingisontherise.Accordingtoanewstudy,thenumberofadvertisementswithgreenmessagesinmainstreammagazineshasrisensince1987,andpeakedin2008at10.4%.In2009,thenumberdroppedto9%.Butwhilethenumberofadvertisementsmayhavedipped,therehasbeenarapidspreadofeco-labeling.Therearebothgoodandbadplayersintheeco-labelinggame.Inthelastfiveyearsorso,therehasbeenanexplosionofgreenclaimsandenvironmentalclaims.Itisclearthatconsumersdon'talwaysknowwhattheyaregetting.Ahandfuloflawsuitshavebeenfiledinrecentyearsagainstcompaniesaccusedofusingmisleadingenvironmentallabels.In2008and2009,class-actionlawsuits(集体诉讼)werefiledagainstSCJohnsonforusing"Greenlist"labelsonitscleaningproducts.Thelawsuitssaidthatthelabelwasmisleadingbecauseitgavetheimpressionthattheproductshadbeencertifiedbyathirdpartywhenthecertificationwasthecompany'sown."WeareveryproudofouraccomplishmentsundertheGreenlistsystemandwebelievethatwewillprevailinthesecases,"ChristopherBeard,directorofpublicaffairsforSCJohnson,said,whileacknowledgingthat“thishasbeenanareathatisdifficulttonavigate”.Companieshavealsotakenituponthemselvestocontesteachother'sgreenclaims.DavidMallen,associatedirectoroftheCouncilofBetterBusinessBureau,saidinthelasttwoyearstheorganizationhadseenanincreaseinthenumberofclaimscompanieswerebringingagainsteachotherforfalseormisleadingenvironmentalproductclaims."Aboutonceaweek,IhaveaclientthatwillbringupanewcertificationI'veneverevenheardofandI'minthisindustry,"saidKevinWilhelm,chiefexecutiveofficerofSustainableBusinessConsulting.t4IfskindofaWildWest,anybodycanclaimthemselvestobegreen.,,Mr.Wilhelmsaidtheexcessoflabelsmadeitdifficultforbusinessesandconsumerstoknowwhichlabelstheyshouldpayattentionto.Whatdotherevised“GreenGuides”requirebusinessestodo?Manufactureasmanygreenproductsaspossible.Indicatewhethertheirproductsarerecyclable.Specifyinwhatwaytheirproductsaregreen.Attachgreenlabelstoalloftheirproducts.47.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutconsumersfacinganexplosionofgreenclaims?A)Theycaneasilyseethroughthebusinesses5tricks.B)Theyhavetospendlotsoftimechoosingproducts.C)Theyhavedoubtaboutcurrentgreencertification.D)Theyarenotclearwhichproductsaretrulygreen.48.WhatwasSCJohnsonaccusedofintheclass-actionlawsuits?A)Itgaveconsumerstheimpressionthatallitsproductsweretrulygreen.B)Itgaveathirdpartytheauthoritytolabelitsproductsasenvironmentallyfriendly.C)Itmisledconsumerstobelievethatitsproductshadbeencertifiedbyathirdparty.D)Itsoldcleaningproductsthatwerenotincludedintheofficial"Greenlist".49.HowdidChristopherBearddefendhiscompany'slabelingpractice?A)Therewerenoclearguidelinesconcerninggreenlabeling.B)Hiscompany'sproductshadbeenwellreceivedbythepublic.C)Itwasinconformitytotheprevailingpracticeinthemarket.D)Nolawrequiredtheinvolvementofathirdpartyincertification.50.WhatdoesKevinWilhelmimplybysaying"It'skindofaWildWest"(Lines2-3,Para.11)?A)Businessescompetetoproducegreenproducts.-B)Eachbusinessactsitsownwayingreenlabeling.C)Consumersgrowwildwithproductslabeledgreen.D)AnythingproducedintheWestcanbelabeledgreen.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.America'seducationsystemhasbecomelessaladderofopportunitythanastructuretotransmitinequalityfromonegenerationtothenext.That’swhyschoolreformissocritical.Thisisanissueofequality,opportunityandnationalconscience.lt5snotjustabouteducation,butaboutpovertyandjustice.It’struethatthemainreasoninner-cityschoolsdopoorlyisn'tteachers'unions,butpoverty.Southernstateswithoutstrongteachers’unionshaveschoolsatleastasawfulasthoseinunionstates.SomeChicagoteachersseemtothinkthattheyshouldn'tbeheldaccountableuntilpovertyissolved.There5restepswecantakethatwouldmakesomedifference,andMayorRahmEmanuelistryingsomeofthem—yettheunionisresisting.I'dbesympatheticiftheunionfocusedsolelyonhighercompensation.Teachersneedtobemuchbetterpaidtoattractthebestcollegegraduatestothenation'sworstschools.But,instead,theChicagounionseemstobeusingitspoliticalcapitalprimarilytoprotectweakperformers.There'ssolidevidencethattherearehugedifferencesintheeffectivenessofteachers.ThegoldstandardstudybyHarvardandColumbiaUniversityscholarsfoundthateveninhigh-povertyschools,teachersconsistentlyhadahugepositiveornegativeimpact.Getabottom1%teacher,andtheeffectisthesameasifachildmisses40%oftheschoolyear.Getateacherfromthetop20%,andit'sasifachildhasgonetoschoolforanextramonthortwo.Thestudyfoundthatstrongteachersinthefourththrougheighthgradesraisedtheskillsoftheirstudentsinwaysthatwouldlastfordecades.Justhavingastrongteacherforoneelementaryyearleftpupilsabitlesslikelytobecomemothersasteenagers,abitmorelikelytogotocollegeandearningmoremoneyatage28.Howdoesonefigureoutwhoisaweakteacher?Yes,that'sachallenge.Butresearchersareimprovingsystemstomeasureateacher'sperformancethroughouttheyear,and,withthreeyearsofdata,ifsusuallypossibletotellwhichteachersarefailing.Unfortunately,theunioninChicagoisinsistingthatteacherswhoarelaidoff-oftenforbeingineffective—shouldgetpriorityinnewhiring.That’saninsulttostudents.Teachingissoimportantthatitshouldbelikeotherprofessions,withhighpayandgoodworkingconditionsbutfewjobprotectionsforbottomperformers.Thisisn'tabattlebetweengarmentworkersandgreedybosses.ThecentralfiguresintheChicagoschoolsstrikeareneitherstrikersnormanagersbut350,00Ochildren.Protectingtheuniondemandsacrificesthosestudents,ineffectturningablindeyetotheinjusticeintheeducationsystem.WhatdowelearnaboutAmerica'seducationsystem?Itprovidesaladderofopportunityforthewealthy.Itcontributeslittletotheeliminationofinequality.Ithasremainedbasicallyunchangedforgenerations.Ithasbroughtupgenerationsofresponsiblecitizens.Whatischieflyresponsiblefortheundesirableperformanceofinner-cityschools?Unqualifiedteachers. Unfavorablelearningenvironment. Lackoffinancialresources.Subconsciousracialdiscrimination.Whatdoestheauthorthinktheunionshoulddotowinpopularsupport?Assistthecitygovernmentinreformingschools.Giveconstructiveadvicetoinner-cityschools.Demandhigherpayforteachers.Helpteachersimproveteaching.WhatisthefindingofthegoldstandardstudybyHarvardandColumbiaUniversityscholars?Manyinner-cityschoolteachersarenotequaltotheirjobs.Alargeproportionofinner-citychildrenoftenmissclasses.Manystudentsaredissatisfiedwiththeirteachers.Studentperformancehasalottodowithteachers.WhydoestheauthorsaytheChicagounion'sdemandisaninsulttostudents?Itprotectsincompetentteachersattheexpenseofstudents.Itunderestimatesstudents5abilitytotellgoodteachersfrompoorones.Itmakesstudentsfeelthattheyarediscriminatedagainstinmanyways.Ittotallyignoresstudents'initiativeinthelearningprocess.PartIVTranslation (30minutes)Directions:Forthispartyouarealibied30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseinto