2021年高考英语真题和模拟题分类汇编 15 阅读理解 社会生活、议论类 （含解析）

专题15阅读理解社会生活、议论类

I、2021年高考真题

（2021•新高考I卷・D篇）

Popularizationhasinsomecaseschangedtheoriginalmeaningofemotional

（情感的）intelligence.Manypeoplenowmisunderstandemotionalintelligence

asalmosteverythingdesirableinaperson'smakeupthatcannotbemeasuredbyan

IQtest,suchascharacter,motivation,confidence,mentalstability,optimismand

"peopleskills/'Researchhasshownthatemotionalskillsmaycontributetosome

ofthesequalities,butmostofthemmovefarbeyondskill-basedemotional

intelligence.

Weprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthat

canbeusedforeithergoodorbadpurposes.Theabilitytoaccuratelyunderstand

howothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctortofindhowbesttohelpher

patients,whileacheatermightuseittocontrolpotentialvictims.Being

emotionallyintelligentdoesnotnecessarilymakeoneamoralperson.

Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadof

whatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhave

beenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthis

popularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis（重视）onemotionby

employers,educatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.The

popularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicand

researchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeople

adaptivelyineverydaylife.

Althoughthecontinuingpopularappealofemotionalintelligenceis

desirable,wehopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthe

scientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.Itisourhopethatincomingdecades,

advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectives（视角）fromwhichtostudy

howpeoplemanagetheirlives.Emotionalintelligence,withitsfocusonboth

headandheart,mayservetopointusintherightdirection.

1.Whatisacommonmisunderstandingofemotionalintelligence?

A.ItcanbemeasuredbyanIQtest.

B.Ithelpstoexerciseaperson'smind.

C.Itincludesasetofemotionalskills.

D.Itreferstoaperson*spositivequalities.

2.Whydoestheauthormention"doctor"and"cheater"inparagraph2?

A.Toexplainarule.

B.Toclarifyaconcept.

C.Topresentafact.

D.Tomakeaprediction.

3.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?

A.Favorable.B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful.D.Unclear.

4.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutconcerningemotional

intelligence?

Altsappealtothepublic.

B.Expectationsforfuturestudies.

C.Itspracticalapplication.

D.Scientistswithnewperspectives.

【答案】DBAB

【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了什么是情商，以及情商普及的优势，

同时作者提出了对情商研究是未来期望。

1.细节理解题。根据题干信息misunderstanding定位到第一段:Manypeoplenow

misunderstand...asalmosteverythingdesirableinaperson'smakeup...分析可知,大

多数人认为情商就是构成人性格中几乎所有可取的部分，而后跟的句子suchas

character,motivation,confidence...则是作者在列举一些情商中具体的优良品质。选

项D：它指的是一个人的优良品质，是该句的同义替换。故选D。

2,推理判断题。根据题干信息的paragraph2,定位到第二段Weprefertodescribe

emotionalintelligenceas...；分析可知,我们更喜欢把情商称作是一套特定的技能，

它既可以用于好的目的，也可以用于坏的目的。而后作者便分别列举了doctor和

cheater用于解释说明“好目的“和”坏目的“。由此我们可以推测，作者提及doctor

和cheater是为了阐明前句所提到的关于情商的概念。故选B。

3,推理判断题。根据题干信息popularizationofemotionalintelligence定位到第三段：

Althoughpopularbeliefsregarding...theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmore

beneficialthanharmful.分析可知，虽然大众对于情商的普遍认知远远超过了目前

研究可以支持的观点，但是宣传的总体效果（对于情商的发展研究）是利大于弊

的。而后作者便进一步列举了好处体现在哪些方面（themostpositiveaspectofthis

popularization...）o可知,作者对此态度是正向的、支持的。故选A。

4.主旨大意题。根据题干信息lastparagraph定位到最后一段Itisourhope

that...advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectivesfromwhichtostudyhowpeople

managetheirlives.Emotionalintelligence...mayservetopointusintherightdirection.

分析可知，我们希望在未来的几十年里，科学的进步将为研究人们如何管理自己

的生活提供一个新的视角。而情商也许会给我们指明一个正确的方向。因此可以

得知，最后一段作者是在提出对于未来研究的期待和方向。B项中的Expectationsfor

futurestudies,符合题意。故选B。

（2021,浙江卷・B篇）

Weliveinatownwiththreebeaches.Therearetwoparkslessthan10

minutes1walkfromhomewhereneighbourhoodchildrengathertoplay.

However,whatmychildrenwanttodoafterschoolispickupascreen一any

screen-andstareatitforhours.Theyarenotalone.Today'schildrenspendan

averageoffourandahalfhoursadaylookingatscreens,splitbetweenwatching

televisionandusingtheInternet.

Inthepastfewyears,anincreasingnumberofpeopleandorganisationshave

beguncomingupwithplanstocounterthistrend.Acoupleofyearsago,

film-makerDavidBondrealisedthathischildren,thenagedfiveandthree,were

attachedtoscreenstothepointwherehewasabletosay"chocolate”intohis

three-year-oldson'searwithoutgettingaresponse.Herealisedthatsomething

neededtochange,and,beingaLondonmediatype,appointedhimself

"marketingdirectorfbrNature".Hedocumentedhisjourneyashesetabout

treatingnatureasabrandtobemarketedtoyoungpeople.TheresultwasProject

WildThing,afilmwhichchartsthebirthoftheWildNetwork,agroupof

organisationswiththecommongoalofgettingchildrenoutintonature.

“Justfivemoreminutesoutdoorscanmakeadifference,HDavidBondsays.

"Thereisalotofreallyinterestingevidencewhichseemstobesuggestingthatif

childrenareinspireduptotheageofseven,thenbeingoutdoorswillbeahabit

forlife.'1Hisownchildrenhavegotintothehabitofplayingoutsidenow:"We

justsendthemoutintothegardenandtellthemnottocomebackinforawhile."

Summerisuponus.Thereisanamazingworldoutthere,anditneedsour

childrenasmuchastheyneedit.Letusgetthemoutandletthemplay.

l.Whatistheproblemwiththeauthor'schildren?

A.Theyoftenannoytheneighbours.

B.Theyaretiredofdoingtheirhomework.

C.Theyhavenofriendstoplaywith.

D.Theystayinfrontofsereensfortoolong.

2.HowdidDavidBondadvocatehisidea?

A.Bymakingadocumentaryfilm.

B.Byorganizingoutdooractivities.

C.ByadvertisinginLondonmedia.

D.Bycreatinganetworkoffriends.

3.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword"charts"inparagraph2?

A.recordsB.predictsC.delaysD.confirms

4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.LetChildrenHaveFun

B.YoungChildrenNeedMoreFreeTime

C.MarketNaturetoChildren

D.DavidBond:ARoleModelforChildren

【答案】DAAC

【解析】本文作者以自己的孩子为例存在着长时间盯着电子屏幕的问题，从而引

出了电影导演DavidBond怎样激励自己的孩子们养成户外活动、锻炼身体的习惯

的做法。

1.细节理解题。根据第一段第三句"However,whatmychildrenwanttodoafter

schoolispickupascreen—anyscreen—andstareatitforhours,"可知，作者的孩子

们放学之后只想看电子屏幕，并盯着看好几个小时，故选D。

2.细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句"Hedocumentedhisjourneyashesetabout

treatingnatureasabrandtobemarketedtoyoungpeople.TheresultwasProjectWild

Thing,afilmwhichchartsthebirthoftheWildNetwork,agroupoforganisationswith

thecommongoalofgettingchildrenoutintonature.“可知，作者记录了自己的旅程，

并制作成电影，故选A。

3.词义猜测题。根据第二段最后一句话句意〃结果是ProjectWildThing,一部描绘

TWildNetwork诞生的电影，WildNetwork是一组以让孩子们融入大自然为共同

目标的组织。〃可知，本句主要阐述作者拍摄的纪录片ProjectWildThing记录下了

组织WildNetwork的诞生，因此record（记录、记载）与所猜词汇最为接近，故

选Ao

4.主旨大意题。文章首段阐述现状，即孩子们花太多时间在电子屏幕上，紧接着提

到了作者为呼吁孩子们走进大自然拍摄了纪录片，希望孩子们能多花些时间在户

外运动上。因此本篇文章主要内容为：向孩子们“推销”自然，故选C。

（202L3月天津卷・B篇）

Aboutfiveweeksago,Inoticedtheskinofourpetlizard（蜥蜴）was

growingdusty.Itworriedme.Ireportedthestrangesurfaceontheskinofthe

lizardtomyhusbandandchildrenthenextmorning.Secondslater,ourlizard

emergedfromitstankwithitsoldskinflowingbehindit.

Ididn'tthinkaboutitmuchuntilamorninglastweekwhenIknockedmy

favoriteteapotoffthetable.Itburstintohundredsofpieces.AsIsweptupthe

mess,Iwonderedwhywehadbeenbreakingsomanythingsoverthemonths.

Thedestructionstartedthreemonthsago.Itwasmyhusband'sbirthday.He

hadjustlosthisjob.Theuncertaintywasstartingtowearonus,soIwantedto

dosomethingspecial.

"LetsmakeacakeforDad!"Icried.

Mykidsscreamedwithjoy.Webaked,icedandsprinkledformostofthe

day.Candlesonthecake!Balloonsonthewalls!Flowersonthetable!

Twohoursbeforemyhusbandcamebackhomefromanotherjobinterview,

mydaughterclimbeduptograbaglassvasefromahighshelf.Itfelland

crashedbesidethecake.Tinypiecesofglasswereeverywhere.Shesobbed

loudlyasIthrewthecakeaway.Myhusbandhadbananapuddingforhis

birthday.

Threedaysago,thelightinourlivingroomsuddenlywentout.Afterseveral

frustratinghoursofunsuccessfulattemptstofixit,myhusbandsuggested

watchingtheMichaelJordandocumentary（2己录片）seriesTheLastDance.

Thepoignancy（酸楚）ofJordanretiringfromhisbelovedbasketballtoplay

baseballandwhathadpushedhimtomakesuchatoughdecisiontookmeby

surprise.AsIwatchedhimtakeoffhisbasketballuniformandreplaceitwitha

baseballuniform,Isawhimleavingbehindthelayerthatnolongerservedhim,

justasourlizardhad.Neitherofthemchosethemomentthathadtransformed

them.Buttheyhadtolivewithwhotheywereaftereverythingwasdifferent.

Justlikeus.Irealizedthatwehavetolearntoleavethepastbehind.

Humansdonotshedskin（蜕皮）aseasilyasotheranimals.Thebeginningof

changeisupsetting.Theprocessistiring.Damagechangesusbeforeweare

ready.Iseeourlizard,rawandnearlynew.

Jordansaidthatnomatterhowitends,itstartswithhope.Withourtender,

hopefulskin,thatiswherewebegin.

l.WhatcanwelearnaboutthepetlizardfromParagraph1?

A.Itstankgrewdirty.

Bitsoldskincameoff.

C.ltgotaskindisease.

D.ltwentmissing.

2.Whydidtheauthor'shusbandhavebananapuddingforhisbirthday?

A.Thebirthdaycakewasruined.

B.Theauthormadegoodpuddings.

C.Puddingwashisfavoritedessert.

D.Theycouldn'taffordabirthdaycake.

3.WhydoestheauthormentionTheLastDanceinthepassage?

A.Toproveatheory.

B.Todefineaconcept.

C.Todevelopthetheme.

D.Toprovidethebackground.

4.Theunderlinedpart"leavingbehindthelayer"inParagraph8canbeunderstood

as.

A.lettinggoofthepast

B.lookingforanewjob

C.gettingridofabadhabit

0.givingupanopportunity

S.Whatdoestheauthormostlikelywanttotellus?

A.Loveoffamilyhelpsussurvivegreathardships.

Bit'snottheendoftheworldifwebreakthings.

C.Weshouldmoveonnomatterwhathappens.

D.Pastexperiencesshouldbetreasured.

【答案】BACAC

【解析】文章大意：这是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了作者的丈夫刚刚丢了工作，这

种不确定性开始影响到家人，直到作者看到家里的宠物蜥蜴换皮和观看了Michael

Jordan的纪录片《最后的舞蹈》后，领悟到我们必须学会把过去抛在脑后，像蜥

蜴一样，用我们柔嫩、充满希望的皮肤，作为人生的起点。

1.细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句"Ireportedthestrangesurfaceontheskinof

thelizardtomyhusbandandchildrenthenextmorning.Secondslater,ourlizard

emergedfromitstankwithitsoldskinflowingbehindit.（第二天早上，我向丈夫和孩

子们报告了蜥蜴皮肤上奇怪的表面。几秒钟后，我们的蜥蜴从水箱里出来，旧皮

肤蜕了下来）"可知，宠物蜥蜴旧的皮肤脱落了。故选：Bo

2.细节理解题。根据第六段"Twohoursbeforemyhusbandcamebackhomefrom

anotherjobinterview,mydaughterclimbeduptograbaglassvasefromahigh

shelf...Myhusbandhadbananapuddingforhisbirthday.（就在我丈夫参加另一场工作

面试回家前两个小时，我女儿爬到一个高高的架子上，抓起一个玻璃花瓶。它掉

下来摔碎在蛋糕旁边。到处都是细小的玻璃碎片。我把蛋糕扔掉时，她大声抽泣。

我丈夫生日吃了香蕉布丁）"可知，作者的丈夫过生日吃了香蕉布丁是因为生日蛋

糕毁了。故选：Ao

3.推理判断题。根据倒数第三段"Thepoignancy（酸楚）ofJordanretiringfromhis

belovedbasketballtoplaybaseballandwhathadpushedhimtomakesuchatough

decisiontookmebysurprise....Neitherofthemchosethemomentthathad

transformedthem....Justlikeus.Irealizedthatwehavetolearntoleavethepast

behind.（Jordan从心爱的篮球退役，转而打棒球，这是多么令人痛心的事情，是

什么促使他做出如此艰难的决定，让我感到惊讶。当我看着他脱下篮球服，换上

棒球服时，我看到他脱下了那层不再适合他的衣服，就像我们的蜥蜴一样。他们

都没有选择那个改变了他们的时刻。但他们必须和自己生活在一起因为一切都变

了。就像我们一样。我意识到我们必须学会把过去抛在脑后）"以及最后一段

"Jordansaidthatnomatterhowitends,itstartswithhope.Withourtender,hopeful

skin,thatiswherewebegin.（Jordan说，不管结局如何，都是以希望开始的。用

我们柔嫩、充满希望的皮肤，那是我们的起点）"可推知，作者在文章中提到The

LastDance是为了展开文章关于放手过去，重新开始的主题。故选：C。

4.词义猜测题。根据画线词后文"Neitherofthemchosethemomentthathad

transformedthem..Justlikeus.Irealizedthatwehavetolearntoleavethepastbehind.

（他们都没有选择那个改变了他们的时刻。但他们必须和自己生活在一起因为一

切都变了。就像我们一样。我意识到我们必须学会把过去抛在脑后）"可知，作者

看着乔丹脱下篮球服，换上棒球服时，意识到看到他放开了过去，把过去抛在脑

后了。即画线词意思是"放开过去“。故选：Ao

5,推理判断题。根据倒数第二段"Humansdonotshedskin（蜕皮）aseasilyasother

animals..」seeourlizard,rawandnearlynew.（人类不像其他动物那样容易蜕皮。变

革的开始令人不安。这个过程很累人。伤害在我们准备好之前就改变了我们。我

看到了我们生嫩的、几乎是全新的蜥蜴）"以及最后一段"Jordansaidthatno

matterhowitends,itstartswithhope.Withourtender;hopefulskin,thatiswherewe

begin.（Jordan说，不管结局如何，都是以希望开始的。用我们柔嫩、充满希望的

皮肤，那是我们的起点）“可推知，作者最有可能想告诉我们无论发生什么，我们

都应该继续前进。故选：Co

（202L3月天津卷・D篇）

Thereissomethingtobesaidforbeingageneralist,evenifyouarea

specialist.Knowingalittleaboutalotofthingsthatinterestyoucanaddtothe

richnessofawhole,well-livedlife.

Societypushesustospecialize,tobecomeexperts.Thisrequires

commitmenttoaparticularoccupation,branchofstudyorresearch.The

drawbacktobeingspecialistsisweoftencometoknowmoreandmoreabout

lessandless.Thereisagreatdealofpressuretomasterone'sfield.Youmay

pursuetraining,degrees,orincreasinglevelsofresponsibilityatwork.Thenyou

discoverthepressureofhavingtokeepup.

SomepeopleseemwillingtoworkaroundtheclockintheirnaiTow

specialty.Butsuchcommitmentcanalsoweakenasenseoffreedom.These

specialistscouldworkattheofficeuntilteneachnight,thenlookbackand

realizetheywouldhavelovedtohavegonehomeandenjoyedthesweetnessof

theirfamilyandfriends,ortraveledtoexcitingplaces,meetinginteresting

people.Masteringonethingtotheexclusion（并F除）ofotherscanholdback

yourtruespirit.

Generalists,ontheotherhand,knowalotaboutawiderangeofsubjectsand

viewthewholewithallitsconnections.Theyarepeopleofability,talent,and

enthusiasmwhocanbringtheirbroadperspective（视角）intospecificfieldsof

expertise（专长）.Thedoctorwhoisalsoapoetandphilosopherisasuperior

doctor,onewhocangivesomuchmoretohispatientsthanjustgoodmedical

skills.

Thingsareconnected.Letyourexpertiseinonefieldfuelyourpassionsin

allrelatedareas.Someofyourinterestsmaynotappeartobeconnectedbut,

onceyouexploretheirdepths,youdiscoverthattheyare.MyeditorToni,whois

alsoawriter,haseditedseveralhistorybooks.ShehasdecidedtostudyChinese

history.FascinatedbythestructuralbeautyoftheForbiddenCityasapainter,

sheisequallyinterestedtolearnmoreaboutChinesephilosophy.nIdon'tknow

whereitwilllead,butI'mexcitedPmonthispursuit."

Theseexpansionsintonewworldshelpusbygivingusnewperspectives.

Webegintoseetheinterconnectednessofonethingtoanotherinallaspectsof

ourlife,ofourselvesandtheuniverse.Developbroad,generalknowledgeand

experience.Theuniverseisallyourstoexploreandenjoy.

l.Tobecomeaspecialist,onemayhaveto.

A.narrowhisrangeofknowledge

B.avoidresponsibilitiesatwork

C.knowmoreaboutthesociety

D.broadenhisperspectiveonlife

2.ThespecialistsmentionedinParagraph3tendto.

A.treasuretheirfreedom

B.travelaroundtheworld

C.spendmosttimeworking

D.enjoymeetingfunnypeople

3.Accordingtotheauthor,asuperiordoctorisonewho.

A.isfullyawareofhistalentandability

B.isapurespecialistinmedicine

C.shouldlovepoetryandphilosophy

0.bringsknowledgeofotherfieldstowork

4.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoshowwiththeexampleofToni?

A.Passionalonedoesnotensureaperson'ssuccess.

B.In-depthexplorationmakesdiscoveriespossible.

C.Everyonehasachancetosucceedintheirpursuit.

0.Seeminglyunrelatedinterestsareinawayconnected.

5.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.BeMoreaGeneralistThanaSpecialist

B.SpecialistorGeneralist:HardtoDecide

C.TurnaGeneralistintoaSpecialist

D.WaystoBecomeaGeneralist

【答案】ACDDA

【解析】本文是议论文。文章论述了要当一个多面手，而不是当某方面的专家。

1■.推理判断题。根据文章第二段第二、三句"Thisrequirescommitmenttoaparticular

occupation,branchofstudyorresearch.Thedrawbacktobeingspecialistsisweoften

cometoknowmoreandmoreaboutlessandless.（成为专家需要对特定的职业、研

究领域的投入。成为专家的缺点是我们常常对越来越少的知识领域了解得越来越

多。）"可知，要成为一名专家，了解到的知识领域会越来越少，会缩小他的知识

范围。故选A。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第三段中提到"Somepeopleseemwillingtoworkaround

theclockintheirnarrowspecialty...Thesespecialistscouldworkattheofficeuntilten

eachnight,...（有些人似乎愿意在他们狭隘的专业领域夜以继日地工作。..…这些专家

可以每天晚上在办公室工作到十点。）"可知，这些专家往往花大部分的时间在工

作上。故选C。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第四段最后一句"Thedoctorwhoisalsoapoetand

philosopherisasuperiordoctor,onewhocangivesomuchmoretohispatientsthan

justgoodmedicalskills.（这位既是诗人又是哲学家的医生是一位优秀的医生，他能

给他的病人提供比良好的医术更多的东西。）"可知，作者认为一名优秀的医生可

以将其他领域的知识带到工作中。故选D。

4.推理判断题。根据文章第五段第一、二句"Thingsareconnected.Letyourexpertise

inonefieldfuelyourpassionsinallrelatedareas.Someofyourinterestsmaynot

appeartobeconnectedbut,onceyouexploretheirdepths,youdiscoverthattheyare.

（事物之间是有联系的。让你在一个领域的专长激发你在所有相关领域的热情。

你的一些兴趣可能看起来没有联系，但一旦你深入探索，你就会发现它们是有联

系的。）"以及下文举出Toni的例子"MyeditorToni,whoisalsoawriter,hasedited

severalhistorybooks.ShehasdecidedtostudyChinesehistory.Fascinatedbythe

structuralbeautyoftheForbiddenCityasapainter,sheisequallyinterestedtolearn

moreaboutChinesephilosophy.（我的编辑Toni也是一位作家，她编辑过儿本历史

书。她已决定学习中国历史。作为一名画家，她痴迷于紫禁城的建筑之美，同时

也对更多地了解中国哲学感兴趣。）"可以推断，作者想通过Toni的例子说明看似不

相关的兴趣，如果深入探索的话，在某种程度上是有联系的。故选D。

5.最佳标题题。文章第一段第一句提出观点"Thereissomethingtobesaidforbeing

ageneralist,evenifyouareaspecialist.（作者提出即使你是一个专家，也应该当一

个通才）"o根据文章第二段第三句"Thedrawbacktobeingspecialistsisweoften

cometoknowmoreandmoreaboutlessandless,"可知，成为专家的不足之处是我

们常常对越来越少的知识领域了解得越来越深。根据文章第四段第一句

"Generalists,ontheotherhand,knowalotaboutawiderangeofsubjectsandview

thewholewithallitsconnections."可知，当通才的优点往往对广泛的学科了解得很

多，并从整体上来看其中的所有的联系。根据上述内容可知，作者的观点是应该

当一个通才。因此文章的标题应为"BeMoreaGeneralistThanaSpecialist一个

通才，而不是专家）"。故选A。

11>2021年高考模拟试题

（2021•天津十二区县联考2•阅读理解D篇）

Theplayingfieldisneverevenorequal.Yourskillsandattitudeplayamajorrolein

theoutcome.Knowingwhatyoucandotohaveanadvantagecanmakethedifference

betweensuccessandfailure.

Mykidstellmeit'sunfairtoplaywiththebigchildren.Itellthemthat'sright.

Unfairnessisagoodthing.Thereismoretobegainedbytheeffortwhenthingsseem

unfair.Itistruethatmanythingsintheworldareunfair.Butunfairthingsusuallycan

beaboontoyou.Forexample,theearlybirdcatchestheworm.Itisunfairthatthe

birdthatsleepsinmissesoutonbreakfastbutitisnicetoknowthatifitgetsupearlyit

issuretogettheworm.

Ialwaystrytoexplaintomykidsthatcomplainingabouthowunfairsomethingis

willgetthemnowhere.Instead,makethemostoutofitandgetontheothersideofit.

Onceyoudothatyouareintheadvantage.Aboveall,youhavetofocusongainingthat

unfairadvantageandinordertodothat,buildyourinnerstrength,Whenyou

empower（武装）yourself,youaregainingskillsorabilities,confidenceand

self-esteem（自尊）.

Youshouldlookatyourplaceintheworld.Wheredoyouwantiobefinancially,

spiritually,emotionally,andphysically?Youarecreatingyourownstorywhenyou

empoweryourself.

Youcanbuildalltheadvantagesthatyouneedtolivethelifethatyouwant.Ifyou

haven'tyet,youneedtomakealistofallthethingsyouwanttoexperienceinyour

newlife.Thiswillhelpyoufocusonbuildingadvantagessothatyouneverhavetosay

thatit'sNotFair.Whenyoudothisthenyouwillbeabletorealizethatunfairnessisa

goodthingandyouwillwanttoteachthosearoundyoutoseeunfairnessinthisway

too.

1.Whatdocstheunderlinedword"boon"inParagraph2probablymean?

A.Somethingthatisveryterrible.B.Somethingthatisveryhelpful

C.SomethingthatisverykindD.Somethingthatisveryscared

2.Whatcanweinferfromtheexampleoftheplayingfieldusedbytheauthor?

A.Theauthorwantstointroducehistopic

B.Theauthorwantstosupporthisopinion

C.Hewantstellusthathavinganadvantageisneeded

D.Hewantstoshowskillsandattitudesareimportantinplayinggames

3.Whatisthebestwaytodealwithunfairnessaccordingtotheauthor?

A.Justacceptit.B.Thytochangeit.

C.Simplyignoreit.D.Makegooduseofit.

4.Youaretoldtolookatyourplaceintheworldinorderto.

A.makeyourselfbetterB.beproudofyourself

C.havemoreconfidenceD.knowothers'advantages

5.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Thewaytoliveahappylife.B.Therightattitudetounfairness.

C.Beingpatientenoughtosucceed.D.Stayingcalmwhentreatedbadly.

【答案】BADAB

【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲述对待不公平的正确态度。

1.词句猜测题。由文章第二段中的转折词"But”可知，划线词应是褒义的，再结合

TiwForexample,theearlybirdcatchestheworm.（例如，早起的鸟儿有虫吃）”，

说明划线词应是指“有帮助的"意思。故选B项。

2.推理判断题。由文章第一段"Theplayingfieldisneverevenorequal.Yourskillsand

attitudeplayamajorroleintheoutcome.Knowingwhatyoucandotohavean

advantagecanmakethedifferencebetweensuccessandfailure.（竞技场从来就不是

平等的。你的技能和态度对结果起着重要作用。知道你可以做什么来获得优势可

以决定成功和失败）”可知，文章首段的目的应是引出话题。故选A项。

3.细节理解题。由文章第三段"Ialwaystrytoexplaintomykidsthatcomplaining

abouthowunfairsomethingiswillgetthemnowhere.Instead,makethemostoutofit

andgetontheothersideofit.Onceyoudothatyouareintheadvantage.（我总是试

图向我的孩子们解释，抱怨某件事是多么的不公平，对他们没有任何好处。相反,

你应该充分利用它，站在它的另一面（考虑）。一旦你这样做了,你就处于优势了）"

可知，在作者看来充分利用不公平是对待不公平本身最好的方法。故选D项。

4.推理判断题。由文章第四段"Youshouldlookatyourplaceintheworld.Wheredo

youwantiobefinancially,spiritually,emotionally,andphysically?Youarecreating

yourownstorywhenyouempoweryourself.（你应该看看你在世界上的位置。你想

在经济上、精神上、情感上和身体上处于什么位置？当你赋予自己力量时，你正

在创造自己的故事）”以及第五段"Youcanbuildalltheadvantagesthatyouneedto

livethelifethatyouwant.（你可以建立所有你需要的优势,过上你想要的生活）”

可知，看清你在这个世界上的位置是为了让你变得更好。故选A项。

5,主旨大意题。由文章第五段“Whenyoudothisthenyouwillbeabletorealizethat

unfairnessisagoodthingandyouwillwanttoteachthosearoundyoutosee

unfairnessinthiswaytoo.（当你这样做的时候，你就会意识到不公平是一件好事，

你也会想要教会你周围的人以这种方式看待不公平）〃结合文章主要围绕对待不

公的正确态度展开可知，B项表述正确。故选B项。

（2021,宝城区三模•阅读理解D篇）

Thosewithclosedmindsrefusedtoconsideranycontradictoryfacts,andthey

proceedwiththeirplannedcourseofaction,fullspeedahead,withtheirz/mindsmade

up〃andtightlyshut.Asanillustration,considerthesituationin1986,priortothe

spaceshuttleChallenger'sdisatrouslaunchthatkilledallsevenastronautsaboard,

therewasaheatedtelephonedebatebetweentwoengineersfromthecompanythat

producedtheshuttleboosterrocketsandthetopofficialsofNASA（thefederal

government'sspaceagency）.Theengineersinsistedthattheflightwastoorisky

becauseoffreezingtemperatureattheFloridalaunchsite.Theyexplainedthatsomeof

thesealsonthefueltankswerenotdesignedtowithstandsuchlowtemperaturesand

mightleakunderpressure,thusendangeringthecraftandcrew.

Despitethepleastostoptheflight,officialsatNASAoverruledtheengineers,who

werebestqualifiedtomakejudgmentsaboutthecomplextechnicalproblemsofspace

flight.Whatcausedtheofficialstoignoretheengineers?Severalflightshadalready

beenpostponed,anditwouldnotlookgoodtopostponeanother.Itwouldbebad

publicrelationstodisappointthecrowdsofpeopleandnewsreporterswaitingforthe

launch.Topgovernmentofficialswerereadytoappearonthenationaltelevisionand

takethecreditforanothersafeflight.Asaresult,withtheirmindsabsolutelyclosedto

thefactspresentedbytheengineers,NASAofficialsorderedtheChallengertotakeoff.

Seventy-threesecondslater,thespacecraftwasenvelopedinflame.

Incredibly,seventeenyearslater;thelessonoftheChallengerdisasterwas

repeated.In2003,thespaceshuttleColumbiabrokeapartwhilere-enteringtheearth's

atmosphere,killinganothercrewofseven.Duringtheshuttle'sliftoff,apieceoffoam

insulation（泡沫隔热材料）hadbrokenoff,hittingtheshuttle'swingatfivehundred

milesperhour.Lower-levelengineersatNASAbeggedforphotographsoftheColumbia

inorbit,whichmighthaveshowntheextentofthedamage,buttheirclosed-minded

superiorsignoredtheirrequests.Itwasthedamagecausedbythe1.7poundchunkof

insulationthatdoomedtheColumbia.

Thereisnovirtueinignoringcontradictoryfactsand"stickingtoyourguns"when

thecoursetakenshowsallthesignsofbeingthewrongone.Closedmindsare

especiallynoticeableinpoliticalcampaignsanddebates.Manypeoplelineupto

supportonecandidateoranotherandwon'tlistentoanyfactspresentedbythe

opposingcandidate.

Allthosewithanopenmindsayisthis:"Idon'tknoweverything,soI'dbetterkeep

mymind,eyes,andearsopentoanynewfactsthatmaycomea