花卉在园林绿化美化建设中的作用

花卉在园林绿化美化建设中的作用我国目前正积极加速城市化的进程。城市化带来了现代文明，同时也造成了一系列问题，最主要的问题是生态环境的破坏。自然给人以健康和美的享受，人们渴望与自然共融。现代社会的人们即向往自然又离不开城市化进程中的一大矛盾。为了改善并保护生态环境，满足人们对自然的渴求，以植物造景为主，融生态、保健、科学、文化和艺术为一体的生态园林成了现代园林发展的主要方向，同时园林植物的应用情况也成为评价园林优劣的重要指标。Isactivelyacceleratestheprocessofurbanizationinourcountryatpresent.Urbanizationhasbroughtmoderncivilization,alsocausedaseriesofproblemsatthesametime,themainproblemisthedestructionoftheecologicalenvironment.Naturalhealthandbeautytoenjoy,peoplearelongingforcommunionwithnature.Inmodernsocietypeopleyearningnatureandwithoutabigcontradictioninurbanizationprocess.Inordertoimproveandprotecttheecologicalenvironment,satisfypeoplelongingfornature,mainlyonplantlandscape,ecological,health,science,cultureandartasawholehasbecomethemaindevelopmentdirectionofmodernlandscapeecologylandscape,atthesametime,theapplicationsituationofgardenplantsbecomeimportantindicatorsofevaluationoflandscape.1、花卉的含义及分类1,theflowers,themeaningandclassification花卉的种类极多，范围广泛，花卉是园林植物中的重要组成部分，是园林绿化中美化、香化的重要材料。花卉能够快速形成芳草如茵、花团锦簇、五彩缤纷、荷香拂水等优美的植物景观，给环境带来勃勃生机，产生使人心旷神怡、流连忘返的艺术效果。狭义的花卉主要是指具有观赏价值的草本植物，或称之为草花。花卉植物种类繁多，性状各异。根据生态习性和在园林中的栽培应用方式，可将花卉植物分为露地花卉和温室花卉两大类。Thekindsofflowers,abroadrange,flowersareanimportantpartofgardenplant,isoneoftheimportantmaterialinlandscapinglandscaping,aromatization.Canquicklyformplantssuchasflowers,bushesandflowers,colorful,fragrantlotuskissthebeautifulplantlandscapesuchaswater,bringvitalitytotheenvironment,makepeoplerelaxedandhappy,theartoflingereffect.Specialflowerismainlyreferstohastheornamentalvalueofherbs,orcallitsucks.Therearemanydifferentkindsofflowerplantsanddifferentcharacters.Accordingtotheecologicalhabitsandwayofcultivationapplicationinlandscapegardening,flowersplantcanbedividedintotwocategories:outdoorflowersandgreenhouseflowers.1.1露地花卉1.1openflowers能在自然条件下完成全部生长过程，不需要特殊防寒措施。这类花卉能直接地栽观赏，但为调节花期或提高开花质量时也常温室盆栽。根据生命周期的长短又可分为一、二年生花卉和多年生花卉。一、二年生花卉是指生命周期短，通常在一个或两个生长季内完成生活史的花卉植物。Cancompletethewholegrowthprocessundernaturalconditions,nospecialprecautions.Thiskindofplantcandirectlywatchflowers,butalsotoadjustorimprovethequalityofflowerbloomingoftengreenhouse.Accordingtothelengthofthelifecyclecanbedividedintoa,biennialandperennialflowersflowers.One,thebiennialflowersisreferstotheshortlifecycle,usuallyinoneortwocompletelifecycleoffloweringplantsinthegrowingseason.1.2温室花卉1.2thegreenhouseflowers原产热带、亚热带及南方温暖的地区的花卉，在北方寒冷地区栽培须在温室内培养，或冬季在温室内越冬。这类花卉不能直接地栽观赏，只能盆栽，多为室内观赏或作切花。有些种类可于温暖季节摆放室外，冬季放回室内。Nativetothetropical,subtropical,andwarminthesouthregionofflowers,inthenorthcoldareacultivationmustbeinsidethegreenhousecultivation,orwinteringreenhouseinwinter.Thiskindofplantcan'tdirectlyseeflowers,pottedplant,onlyforindoorornamentalorcutflowers.Somespeciescanbeputinwarmseason,outdoorwinterbackindoors.2、温室花卉的种类和作用2,thekindsofgreenhouseflowersandrole温室花卉不耐低温，是原产于热带或亚热带地区的花卉。这种花卉在我国北方寒冷地带种植必须安排在温室内栽培，在我国温暖的南方地区栽培，其冬季也需用温室进行保护才能安全过冬。主要种类有：一是宿根花卉，如万年青、君子兰、四季海棠等。二是球根花卉，如仙客来、马蹄莲、朱顶红等。三是蕨类花卉，如铁线蕨、肾蕨、蜈蚣草等。四是亚灌木花卉，如天竺葵、香石竹、倒挂金钟等。五是木本花卉，如一品红、变叶木、扶桑等。六是兰科花卉，如惠兰、建兰、卡特兰等。七是一、二年生花卉，如瓜叶菊、蒲包花、香豌豆等。八是多浆植物和仙人掌，如龙舌兰、仙人球、仙人掌等。了解花卉的种类，我们就能按照它对环境的要求进行科学栽培，就能更好地发挥花卉的作用。一般来说，温室花卉都是用盆栽的花卉。它既可用来布置室内环境，如车站、宾馆、大会堂及其它场所，又可装饰室外环境，如机场、广场、码头、路旁、河畔及湖泊周边地区。在园林建设中，人们常用各种花卉作为美化材料来装饰环境，创造出绿草如茵，空气清新，花团锦簇的景观景带和景区，以满足人们对文化娱乐、环境保护、风景艺术等方面的需求，满足人们对环境的审美感。Greenhouseflowersnotgoodlowtemperatureresistance,flowersandplantsarenativetotropicalorsubtropicalregions.TheflowersgrowincoldzoneinthenorthofChinamustbearrangedincultivationingreenhouse,growninwarmsouthernareasofChina,thewinteralsoneededprotectioningreenhousetosecurityforthewinter.Maintypesare:oneistheperennialrootflowersandplants,suchasthefourseasonsevergreen,clivia,hitom,etc.Second,bulbousflowers,suchascyclamen,callas,zhured,etc.3itisfernsflowers,suchasfernadiantum,kidney,suchasthecentipedegrass.Fouristheshrubsandflowerssuchasgeranium,carnation,fuchsia,etc.Fiveiswoodyflowers,suchaspoinsettia,changeit,fusang,etc.Sixisorchidsflowers,suchaswhelan,facilities.we,carter,etc.Sevenisabiennialflowers,suchasmelon,calceolariasflower,sweetpea.Pulpplantandmorethaneightiscactus,suchastequila,celestialbeing,cactus,etc.Understandthekindsofflowers,wecanaccordingtothecultivationrequirementsofenvironmentscience,itcanbetterplaytotheroleoftheflowers.Ingeneral,greenhouseflowerswerepottedflowers.Itcanbeusedtodecoratetheindoorenvironment,suchasrailwaystations,hotels,hallandotherplaces,alsocandecorateoutdoorenvironment,suchasairport,square,dock,road,riverandlakearea.Inlandscapeconstruction,peopleusedtouseallkindsofflowersasabeautificationmaterialstodecoratetheenvironment,tocreategreen,theairisfresh,theflowersofthelandscapelandscapeandscenicspot,inordertosatisfypeople'sculturalentertainment,environmentalprotection,landscapeartneeds,satisfypeople'saestheticfeelingtotheenvironment.3、露地花卉的种类和作用3,openthekindsofflowersandrole从一般情况来说，能在自然气候条件下完成全部生长过程，不需特殊防寒措施保护的花卉称为露地花卉。这种花卉既能直接进行露地栽培供人们观赏，又可作为盆栽花卉或进行温室栽培。矿用锚索张拉机具根据其生长周期的长短可分为多年生或一、二年生花卉两大类。根据花卉生长习性的不同，凡是生长期生命周期短，通常在一个或两个生长季内完成其生活史的花卉，如一串红、万寿菊、孔雀草、紫罗兰等称为一、二年生花卉。个体寿命超过两年，能多次开花结籽（果实）的花卉则称为多年生花卉。地下部形态正常，不发生变态的花卉，如芍药、萱草、福绿考等常称为宿根花卉。地下部会变态和肥大的花卉，如美人蕉、大丽花和唐菖蒲等常称为Fromthemoregeneralcase,cangrowinthenaturalclimateconditionstocompletealltheprocess,withoutspecialprotectivemeasurestoprotecttheflowercalledopenflowers.Thiskindofflowercandirectlyopenforpeopletowatch,alsocanbeusedaspottedflowersoringreenhousecultivation.Accordingtothelengthofitsgrowthcyclecanbedividedintotwotypes:a,biennial,orperennialflowers.Dependingontheflowergrowthhabit,everygrowthperiodshortlifecycle,usuallyinoneortwotocompleteitslifehistoryingrowingseasonofflowers,suchasstring,marigold,peacock,violet,etc.Iscalledabiennialflowersandgrass.Individuallifeformorethantwoyears,canrepeatedlyflowerseedfloweriscalledperennialflowers(fruit).Undergroundpartshapeisnormal,notoccurabnormalflowers,suchaspeony,daylilies,andthegreenexamisoftenreferredtoasaperennialrootflowersandplants.Departmentofundergroundabnormalconditionandhypertrophyofflowers,suchascanna,dahlias,andoftencalledtangcalamus,etc球根花卉。从实际应用结果来看，露地花卉是园林中应用最多、最广泛的花卉。根据其实际应用方式来看，主要有以下几种形式：Bulbousflowers.Fromtheactualapplicationresult,openflowerismost,themostwidelyusedingardenflowers.Accordingtoitspracticalapplicationmethods,mainlyhasthefollowingform:3.1花坛应用方式3.1flowerbedapplicationway在一些大中城市的广场和街道及农村公路的中央及两侧或企事业、机关单位办公场所，常用花坛方式来绿化、美化环境。其方法是常选用一、二年生花卉或球根花卉，组成单独或连续带状对称图案，并保持色彩鲜艳整齐的轮廓，供游客观赏。因为植株的高度和形状对表现图案效果好差有密切的关系，因此组装时常选用植株低矮，花期集中，生长整齐，株丛紧凑，花色鲜艳，适合于表现平面图案变化的花卉，如五色苋类、三色堇、白草等进行装饰和组合，同时也可用草坪来镶嵌进行配合布置。Insomelargeandmedium-sizedcitysquaresandstreetsandruralroadsonbothsidesofthecentralandagencyunitsorenterprises,offices,commonflowerbedtoafforest,beautifytheenvironment.Itsmethodisoftenchoosea,biennialflowersorbulbflowers,singleorcontinuouszonalsymmetricpatterncomposed,andkeepthebrightcolorsofthecontours,forvisitorstosee.Becauseoftheplantheightandshapeonthepoorperformancedesigneffectisgoodhasacloserelationship,sooftenchooseassemblyplants,lowconcentratedflowering,growth,compactplantclump,designandcolorisbright,suitableforplanarpatternchangesofflowers,suchascoloredamaranth,pansy,whitegrass,decorationandcombination,atthesametime,itcanbeinlaidwithlawntocooperate.3.2花丛和花群应用方式3.2theflowersandflowergroupofapplications采用花群和花丛布置，方法比较简单，应用较灵活。株少则为丛，丛多则连成群。这是将自然风景中野生的花卉应用到园林景观中的一种方法。花卉的选择是常选用茎秆挺直、不易倒伏，花朵繁密，株型丰满的花卉进行装饰。花丛布置在开阔的草坪周围，或布置在公路转折处；HDPE防水板或点缀于庭院之中，均有较好的观赏效果。若采用花丛花坛装饰，则要选择开花时间较长，整体效果较好的花卉，如一串红、万寿菊、三色堇、矮牵牛等花朵繁茂、色彩鲜明艳丽的花卉。这样群体和群体间容易形成绚丽色彩和优美外貌，所产生的直观效果更好。装饰时花坛中心要选用高大而整齐的花卉，如美人蕉、毛地黄、金鱼草等进行装饰。另外也可选用苏铁、蒲葵、龙柏等进行装饰。花坛的周围常选用矮小的灌木绿篱或常绿草本花卉，如紫叶小檗、沿阶草等作镶边进行种植。Withflowersandflowerarrangement,methodissimple,theapplicationmoreflexible.Strainsarelesscluster,clustermore,eveningroups.Thisisthenaturallandscapeofwildflowerisappliedtothelandscapeinaway.Flowerofchoiceisoftenchoosestemstraight,noteasytolodging,flowersmany,plantdecorationfullofflowers.Flowersarrangedintheopenlawnaround,ordecorateinhighwayturningpoint;Ortheornamentinthecourtyard,hasgoodviewingeffect.Ifuseflowersfloweradornment,shouldchoosetobloomforalongtime,theoveralleffectgoodflowers,suchasstring,marigold,pansy,petuniaflowersflourish,colorfulgorgeousflowers.Suchgroupsandgroupsformagorgeouscolorandbeautifulappearance,easilyproducedbythedirecteffectisbetter.Decorativeflowerbedcentershouldchoosetallandstraight,flowerssuchascanna,foxglove,goldfishgrassundertakesdecorating.Alsocanchoosecycads,decorativesabal,Sabinachinensis,etc.Flowerbedaroundoftenchooseshortshrubhedgeroworevergreenherbflowers,suchaspurpleleafbarberry,alongthegrassedgetogrow.3.3花镜、花台和花钵应用方式3.3convexglass,flowerterracesandflowerpotapplicationway在园林建设中若采用花镜式进行装饰，常常是选用多种花卉，让其组成自然的带状形式。其花镜的边缘，根据环境的不同可选用直线，也可选用自然曲线，但各种花卉的配植则是自然斑状混交而成的。破壁灵芝孢子粉胶囊这是利用自然风景中自然生长的花卉加以艺术提炼而应用到园林装饰中的一种方式。若采用花台形式进行装饰，则要将花卉栽植在高出地面的台座上，形状类似花坛但比花坛小，一般设置在庭院中央或两侧角。由于面积较小，因此一个花台内常选用一种花。因花台高于地面，因此应选用株型较矮，花朵繁密匍匐或茎叶下垂的花卉，如玉簪、芍药、沿阶草等进行装饰。若采用花钵进行装饰时，应选用一串红、万寿菊、矮牵牛、金鱼草等花卉进行装饰。因为花钵是随着现代城市发展、花卉种植逐步完善而推出的花卉应用形式，是一种活动的花坛。因此在造型上既要大方美观，又要丰富多彩，新颖别致。有圆形的、方形的、六角形的、八角形的，也有高脚杯形或其它形状的。先将营养土装在钵内或木箱里，再种植花卉，以其丰富的色彩美化重点部位，形成园林景观。所以说露地花卉是园林绿化美化中应用最多，最广的一种花卉。它对绿化、美化大自然，满足人们审美感，保护人们身体健康有着重要的作用。因此我们一定要重视花卉的种植和管理，让它为人类美化环境做出更大的奉献。Ifusedinlandscapeconstructiondecorativeconvexglasstype,isoftenavarietyofflowers,letthetapeformofnature.Itsconvexglassedge,dependingontheenvironmentcanchoosestraightline,alsocanchoosenaturalcurve,butavarietyofflowersandshrubsarenaturalporphyriticmixed.Thisistheuseofthenaturalsceneryinthenaturegrowsflowersofartrefiningandappliedtoawayofgardendecoration.Ifusingflower-standformtodecorate,itwillflowerplantinginapedestalabovetheground,theshapesimilartobutsmallerthanflowerbeds,flowerbedgenerallysetupinthemiddleoftheyardoronbothsidesoftheAngle.Becausetheareaislesser,sooftenchooseafloweraflowerterraces.Becauseflowerterracesabovetheground,soshouldchooseshorteranddroopingflower,theflowerincrediblyprostrateorleaffragrantplantainlily,peony,grassalongtheorderofdecoration.Whenusingflowerpottodecorate,shouldchoosestring,marigold,petunias,snapdragonflowersfordecoration,etc.Becauseflowerpotiswiththedevelopmentofmoderncity,flowersgrowgraduallyimprovethelaunchoftheapplicationform,isakindofflowerbed.Sobegenerousonmodellingbeautiful,andrichandcolorful,novelandchic.Withround,square,hexagonal,octagonal,andtherearegobletshapeorothershapes.Firstthenutriti