高一英语-定语从句讲解及练习

who指人：在定语从句中作主语或宾语。whom指人：在定语从句中作宾语。whose可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。that可指人或物,在从句中作主语或宾语.which指物,在从句中作主语或宾语.which引导的非限制性定语从句可修饰整个主句。as可指物,在从句中作主语或宾语.也可引导非限制性定语从句,修饰整个主句。关系代词:第一页第二页，共28页。典型错误Thankyoufortherecordthatyougaveit

tome.(×)Thankyoufortherecordthatyougaveme.(√)无论是关系代词还是关系副词，都在定语从句中取代了先行词，因此，先行词在定语从句中不复出现。第二页第三页，共28页。限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和先行词的关系密切（删去后影响整个句子意义的表达）和先行词关系不密切（是一种补充说明，删掉后不影响整个意思的表达。）不用逗号分开一般使用逗号分开可用关系代词that引导不可以用关系代词that引导可以省略（that,who,which在从句中担当宾语时可以省略）不可以省略可以替代（whom作宾语时，可用who或that替代）不能替代只可以修饰先行词，不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分修饰整个文句或文句的一部分，此时定语从句前有逗号分开，只能由which或as引导第三页第四页，共28页。两种定语从句在意义上的区别Intheirclassesthereare15studentswhocanspeakEnglishwell.Intheirclassesthereare15students,whocanspeakEnglishwell.ShehastwosonswhoareP.L.A.men.Shehastwosons,whoareP.L.A.men.不止１５个学生只有１５个学生不止两个，其余的可能不当兵只有两个，都是解放军第四页第五页，共28页。１．先行词是one,anyone,those,he时宜用who.Anyone

whobreaksthelawshallbepunished.Thosewhoareagainsttheplanputupyourhandsplease.２．在非限制性定语从句中Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.（一）．只用who的情况第五页第六页，共28页。３．当先行词与定语从句被其他词所分隔时Imetaforeignerinthestreetyesterday

whocouldaskmequestionsinChinese.４．在therebe开头的句子中Thereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou.５．一句中有两个定语从句，前一个定语从句的关系词是that，另一个只用who．Theboythatyoumetlastnightisthegroupleaderwhostudiesveryhard.第六页第七页，共28页。（二）只用that的情况１．当先行词是everything,anything,nothing,all,none,few,little，或当先行词被every,any,some,no,little,few,much等词修饰时．Isthereanyquestionthattroublesyoumuch?２．当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级,theonly,thevery,thelast等词修饰时．Isthisthefirsttimethatyouhavecometoourcity?Limingistheonlyonethatgotfullmarksinourclass.第七页第八页，共28页。３．当先行词是由人和物构成的名词词组时．Doyouknowthethingsandpersons

thattheyaretalkingabout?４．主句是以who,which开头的疑问句或先行词是疑问代词who时:Whichisthedictionarythatheusedyesterday?5.当先行词在定语从句中作be表语時Shanghaiisnolonger

thecitythatitusedtobe.6．注意：that只能用在限制性定语从句中，非限制性定语从句中永远不用that，介词后也不能跟that．第八页第九页，共28页。（三）whose的使用whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语，后面要紧跟被修饰的名词．Therearesomepeoplewhosefacesyoucanneverforget.Isawsometreeswhoseleaveswereblackbecauseofthepollutedair.thefacesofwhomtheleavesofwhich第九页第十页，共28页。（四）只用which的情况１．非限制性定语从句中只用which，不用that．Beijing,whichisthecapitalofChina,isaverybeautifulcity.２．关系代词紧跟在介词或介词短语之后，只能用which或whom，不能用that．Thisisthehotelin

whichyouwillstay.Thisisthehotelwhich/thatyouwillstayin.第十页第十一页，共28页。Tips1.关系代词在从句中作宾语时,关系代词可省略.eg.Thisisthehouse____________Ivisited.2.what不能引导定语从句;且what=allthatIwilldoallthatIcantohelpyou.=IwilldowhatIcantohelpyou.which/that/不用3.oneof+pl.n.+关系代词+动词复数the(only)oneof+pl.n.+关系代词+单数动词TheGreatWallisoneoftheworld-famousbuildings_________(draw)lotsofvisitors.Titanicistheonlyoneofthemostwonderfulmovies___________(havebe)producedinHollywood.thatdrawthathasbeen第十一页第十二页，共28页。Exercise

11.Icanstillrememberthesittingroomin_____mymotherandIusedtositintheevening.2.Achild_____parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.3.Finallythethiefhandedeverything____hehadstolentothepolice.4.Wevisitedafactory__________makestoysforchildren.5.Theman__________youjusttalkedtowasafriendofmine.whichwhosethatthat/whichwho(m)/that作…的宾语第十二页第十三页，共28页。6.Pleasepassmethedictionary_____coverisblack.7.Mr.Whiteisoneoftheforeignexperts_________areworkinginChina.8.Isthisthemuseum__________youvisitedtheotherday?9.Thisistheworkerwith____myfatherworked.10.Togetthejobstarted,all____Ineedisyourpermission.whosewho/thatthat/whichwhomthat第十三页第十四页，共28页。Exercise11.Isthisthefactory___youhavebeentolastyear?A.whichB.inwhichC.whereD.theone2.Isthisfactory___youhavebeentolastyear?A.whichB.inwhichC.whereD.theone3.IsMr.Smiththeperson__youknowthis?A.thatB.whomC.fromwhomD.bywhom4.Iattendedthemeetingtheimportance__Ididnotrealizeatthattime.A.whoB.ofwhichC.whichD.itsADCB第十四页第十五页，共28页。5.What’sthat___flashedintheskyjustnow?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.as6.Thisbookis____I’mlookingfor.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.one7.Thisisthemostinterestingone___Ihaveeverread.A.whichB.thatC.ofwhichD.inthat8.Alloftheflowersnowraisedherehavedevelopedfromthose___intheforest.A.oncetheygrewB.theygrewonceC.thatoncegrew D.oncegrewABBC第十五页第十六页，共28页。关系副词的用法关系副词先行词功能使用范围when(=during/in/onwhich)表示时间的名词作时间状语限制性和非限制性定语从句where(=in/atwhich)表示地点的名词作地点状语限制性和非限制性定语从句why(=forwhich)reason作原因状语限制性定语从句第十六页第十七页，共28页。that/which和whenDoyourememberthedayswhenwefirstspenttogether?()Doyourememberthedayswhich/thatwefirstspenttogether?()×√析：先行词是表示时间的名词，定语从句的引导词是用关系代词”that/which”还是关系副词”when”，取决于该先行词在从句中充当主语、宾语还是时间状语。在这句中先行词theday在定语从句中作spent的宾语，因此要用that/which第十七页第十八页，共28页。that/which与whereI’llneverforgettheschoolwherewevisitedlastSunday.()I’llneverforgettheschool(that/which)wevisitedlastSunday.()×√析：先行词是表示地点的名词，定语从句的引导词是用关系代词”that/which”还是关系副词”where”，取决于该先行词在从句中充当主语、宾语还是地点状语。在这句中先行词theschool在定语从句中作visited的宾语，因此要用that/which.第十八页第十九页，共28页。that/which与whyTellmethereason____youarelate.Isthisthereason_____hetoldyou?whythat先行词是reason时，定语从句的引导词是关系代词that／which还是关系副词why，取决于该先行词在从句中的成分。句１中reason在从句中作原因状语，句２中reason在从句中作tell的宾语。第十九页第二十页，共28页。“介词+关系代词”１．介词的选择：一般介词与定语从句中的动词是一种习惯性搭配．Thepersonto

whomIspokejustnowisthemanagerthatItoldyouabout.２．含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面．因此不能使用“介词+关系代词”结构．如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof.Isthisthewatchwhichhewaslookingfor?

Isthisthewatchforwhichhewaslooking?(×)第二十页第二十一页，共28页。Exercises2

1.Doyoustillremembertheday__wefirstcametoTibet?A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where2.Isthisthecompany__allemployeesaretreatedwell?A.thatB.whichC.inthatD.where3.ThissummerI’llreturntothesmallvillage__Igrewup.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when4.Isthatthereason___youhadafewdaysoff?A.whyB.whenC.whatD.whereCDBA第二十一页第二十二页，共28页。5.Thedoctorsandnursesdidall__theycouldtohelpthose__wereinfectedwithSARS.A.which;whichB.that;whyC.that;whoD.what;who6.Istherearestaurantaround__wecanhavesomethingtoeat?A.whereB.thatC.whatD.why7.Wecametotheplace__theyhadneverpaidavisitbefore.A.towhereB.towhichC.thatD.when8.Heoftenhelpsthestudents__hethinksarenotquickattheirstudies.A.whomB.whenC.whoD.whereCABC第二十二页第二十三页，共28页。As,which引导非限制性定语从句aswhich例句引导的定语从句既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后引导的定语从句，只能放在主句之后Heturnedouttobeverysuccessful,whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect.Asisknowntoall,Edisoninventedthetelephone.=Edisoninventedthetelephone,asisknowntoall.意为“正如……”后面的谓语动词多是see,know,expectsay,mention,report等意为“这一点”第二十三页第二十四页，共28页。关系代词as引导的定语从句引导限制性定语从句：(1)such+名词/so+形容词+名词+as…“像……一样的”、“像……之类”

thesame+名词+as… “和……同样的”Suchpeopleasyoudescribearethoughttobefoolsnowadays.(as作宾语)Heisnotthes