动词八种时态

动词八种时态一般现在时一般现在时的功能表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：Theskyisblue.天空是蓝色的。表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：Igetupatsixeveryday.我每天六点起床。表示客观真理。如：Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转。注意：在下列情况下，句子也一般用一般现在时有些表示心理状态或感情的动词往往用一般现在时表示。Ilikeeatingbananas.在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作，用来代替一般将来时。HewillcallyouassoonashearrivesinBeijing.经常和一般现在时搭配的时间状语有：always,often,sometimesusually,everyday,onceaweek等一般现在时的结构be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：Iamaboy.我是一个男孩。行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：WestudyEnglish.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数时，要在动词后加"-s”或"-es”。如：MarylikesChinese.当主语是第三人称单数时，一般现在时谓语动词变化情况如下：一般情况下加词尾-slearns以s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的则加-esmisses,watches,washes,goes以辅音字母加结尾的，先把y改为i,再加esstudy-studies注意:have的第三人称单数是has四.一般现在时的否定和疑问结构1.否定句be动词 主语+be+not+其它。Heisnotaworker.行为动词主语+don't(doesn't)+动词原形(+其它)。Idon'tlikebread.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。Hedoesn'toftenplayfootball.2.一般疑问句be动词 Be+主语+其它。-Areyouastudent?-Yes.Iam./No,I'mnot.行为动词 Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它。-Doyouoftenplayfootball?-Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.-Doesshegotoworkbybike?-Yes,shedoes.-Doesshegotoworkbybike?-Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn't.3.特殊疑问句 疑问词+一般疑问句。Whereismybike?EXERCISES:ThelittleboyMysistersLucyHeOurschool(study)veryhard.(water)theflowerseveryday.(go)toschoolbybike.(not,like)swimmingatall.(not,be)verybig,butitisverybeautiful.MotheralwaysSometimesmyfatherMissSmithMyparentsThetwinsMotheralwaysSometimesmyfatherMissSmithMyparentsThetwinsMrBrownoftenLucyoften(take)metotheparktoflykitesonSunday.(teach)usEnglishinourschool.(not,be)bothteacher.(live)onthesecondfloor.(have)lunchatschool(watch)TVintheafternoon.(have)lunchatschoolI (not,speak)ChineseTomandJimusually(write)tome.Myfriend(play)basketballonceaweek.KEY:1.studies2.waters3.goes4.doesn'tlike5.isn't6.worries7.takesteaches9.arenot10.live11.watches12.has13.don'tspeak14.write15.plays

（二）现在进行时-.现在进行时的用法表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作Heiswritingaletter.Wearemakingmodelplanesthesedays.这些天我们在做飞机模型。经常和现在进行时搭配的单词有now,listen,look(at),atthemoment现在进行时的结构现在进行时由"be+v-ing”构成Iamreading.Heisreading.Wearereading.EXERCISES:We (play)basketontheplaygroundnow.He (have)lunchatschoolnow.(sing)inthetree.(dance)dance.(play)gamesatthemoment.(have)agoodtimeoverthere.(sing)inthetree.(dance)dance.(play)gamesatthemoment.(have)agoodtimeoverthere.Thesun(shine).(do)theirhomeworkintheclassroomnow.(sit)ontheball.(talk)withourheadmasternow.(listen)tothemusicatthemoment.(sing)inthetree.Look!ThelittlegirlTomandJackLook!ThechildrenIt’sfinetoday.ThestudentsLook!ThechildTheforeignerMybrotherListen!ThebirdsWhatishedoing?He (wash)hisclothes?Lookatthegirl!Whatshe(draw)ontheblackboard?Bequick!They(wait)usoutsidethegateoftheschool.一般将来时一般将来时的用法一般将来时表示将来发生的动作或状态常用于一般将来时的时间状语有soon,nextweek,tomorrow一般将来时的结构will/shall+动词原形 shall用于第一人称，常被will所代替LucywillstudyChinesenextyear.begoingto+动词原形 1)表示按计划要做的事Wearegoingtothefarmtomorrow.2)表示很快就要发生的事Look!Thereismuchdarkcloud.Itisgoingtorainsoon.EXERCISES:SaysomethingaboutwhatyouEXERCISES:SaysomethingaboutwhatyouWeThebusTeacherLiWe(四)一般过去时(do)tomorrow.(help)thefarmersgrowricenextweek.(take)youtothemuseum.(give)atalkonman-madesatellitenextSaturday.(hold)asportsmeetingnextSaturday.一般过去时的用法一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或状态。Wewenttotheparkyesterday.常与一般过去时搭配的时间状语有：yesterday,lastyear,tenyearsago,in1989,justnow一般过去时的结构be动词：主语+be（was,were）+其它。如：Iwasateachertenyearsago.行为动词：主语+行为动词的过去式（+其它）。如：WestudiedEnglish我们学习英语。注意：规则动词的过去式的变化情况如下：一般情况下在加词尾-edlearn-learned以e结尾的则加-dwrite-writed以辅音字母+y结尾的，先把y改为i,再加-edstudy-studied不规则动词的过去式的变化情况可以参照教课书后面的表格四.一般过去时的否定句和疑问句

否定句be动词 主语+was/were+not+其它。Hewasnotaworker.行为动词 主语+didn't+动词原形(+其它)。Ididn'tgototheparkyesterday.一般疑问句be动词 was/were+主语+其它。-Washeastudentlastyear?-Yfes,hewas./No,hewasn't.行为动词 Did+主语+动词原形+其它。-Didyouplayfootballjustnow?-Yes,Idid./No,Ididn't.特殊疑问句 疑问词+一般疑问句。Howdidyourfathergotoworkyesterday?现在完成时一.现在完成时的定义：表示过去发生的事对现在造成了影响Ihaveopenedthedoor.(Thedoorisstillopennow)过去某个动作一直延续到现在Ithasrainedforaweek.(Itbegantorainaweekago,anditisstillraining.)IhavelivedinChinafortenyears.常与现在完成时搭配的单词有already,yet,since,for---,just,---before,in/duringthepast+一段时间，never,ever现在完成时的结构：have/has+动词的过去分词Ihavehadbreakfast.Hehasfinishedhishomework.注意：现在完成时的否定句是在have(has)的后面加上not，疑问句是将have(has)置于主语之前。否定句：Ihavenotseenthemovieyet.我还没看这部电影。Hehasn'tbeentoBeijingsincethen.从那时起，他就再也没来过北京。一般疑问句：Have(Has)+主语+过去分词〜？Haveyoufinishedthework?你已经做完这项工作了吗？Yes，Ihave./No，Ihaven't.Hasshearrivedhere?她已经到这儿了吗？Yes，shehas/No，shehasn't特殊疑问句句型特殊疑问词+have(has)+主语+过去分词〜？HowmanytimeshaveyoubeentotheGreatWall？一般过去时和现在完成时的区别：现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。和现在不发生关系，它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时Idroppedmypenjustnow.Shecameherejustnow.和现在不发生关系，它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时Idroppedmypenjustnow.Shecameherejustnow.Ilostmywatchlastweek.Ihadbreakfastat7:00一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态Iopenedthedoorthismorning.试比较下列句子：现在完成时节Ihavedroppedmypen.2..Shehascome.Ihavelostmywatch.Ihavehadbreakfast.Iamfullnow.Hehascleanedhisroom,itiscleannow.Hecleanedhisroom,butitisdirtynow.一般过去时、现在完成时的专项练习题thecake,Iamfullnow.(eat)thecakelastnight.(eat)thefilmtenyearsago.(see)anewbookyesterday.(buy)herbook,shecan’tfinditanywhere.(lose)supper,wecanhaveanicemeal.(cook)herclothesthismorning.(wash)thecake,Iamfullnow.(eat)thecakelastnight.(eat)thefilmtenyearsago.(see)anewbookyesterday.(buy)herbook,shecan’tfinditanywhere.(lose)supper,wecanhaveanicemeal.(cook)herclothesthismorning.(wash)lunchat12：10.(have)myhomeworkjustnow.(do)yourshoes,youcanputthemonnow.(clean)(tell)ussomethingaboutAmericayesterday.(make)somemistakesinhistest.(arrive).IHeISheMotherSheIIIHeTomThetrainhasalready

Jane(send)meadictionarythedaybeforeyesterday.They (ask)metothankyourmotherjustnow.Thedoctor(say)thechildneededanoperation.Thedog(die)twohoursago.Tomorrowismyfather’sbirthday.I (buy)apresentforhim.Maryisn’tintheclassroom.She herhomeworkyet?(finish)you(find)thekeyofyourhouse?现在完成时的瞬间动词与与连续性动词瞬间动词 延续性动词die bedeadopen(动词) beopen(形容词)close(动词) beclosed(形容词)getup beupfallasleep beasleepfinish beoverleave beawaystart/begin beonbuy haveborrow keepcatchacold haveacoldjoin (1)bea+成员；职业(2)bein+集团；组织；单位come/go/arrive/get/catch(1)be+副词(2)bein/at+名词EXERCISES:Hecameherethreeyearsago.He hereforthreeyears.Schoolfinishedamonthago.School foramonth.Heborrowedthisbookaweekago.He thisbookforaweek.Thefactoryopenedtenyearsago.Thefactory for10yearsThemanjoinedthearmytwoyearsago.Theman asoldiersincetwoyearsago.HearrivedinBeijinglastyear.He Beijingsinceayearago.Shegotupanhourago.She foranhour.Heboughtthisbookthreeweeksago.He thisbookforthreeyears.Thefilmbeganhalfanhour.Thefilm forhalfanhour.Howlongyouthisbook?(borrow)Iboughtthepenabouttwoyearsago.I thepensincetwoyearsago.HeleftChinathreeyearsago.He Chinaforthreeyears.HeleftherelastyearHe hereforayear.Tomcamebackamonthago.Hediedfiveyearsago.since/for，have/hasbeenin,have/havebeento,have/havegoneto的区另Usince/for常与现在完成时搭配，但它们的用法是有区别的。since1999forthreeyearssincetwomonthsagosince1999forthreeyearssincetwomonthsago=fortwomonthfor+一段时间since+一段时间+ago=for+一段时间EXERCIESE:用since/for填空1twodays2.twoandahalfmonths3. 19904.tenyears5.tenyearsago6.lastyear7.alongtime8. amoment9.sixclock10. yesterdaymorninghave/hasbeenin,have/havebeento,have/havegoneto的区别Jhave/hasbeenin一直在某地 HehasbeeninChinaforovertenyears.have/hasbeento+名词到过某地，现在回来了。HehasbeentoJapantwice.have/hasbeen+副词 Ihavebeenthere.have/hasgoneto+名词到某地去了，现在不在这里 WhereisJim?--Hehasgonetothelibrary.have/hasgone+副词 WherehasLucygone?用have/hasbeentohave/hasgonetohave/hasbeenhave/hasgone,has/havebeenin填空He Chinaforthreeyears.He China.SoheknowsalotaboutChina.WhereisMrGreen?He China.He heresince10yearsago.Howlongyouhere?Whereyou?I thelibrary.Howlongyou China?Myfather Japanformanytimes.Thetwins hereforalongtime.WhereareTomandLucy?They England.（六）过去进行时过去进行时的定义过去进行时常表示过去某一时刻或过去某一阶段内正在进行的动作。过去进行时的构成过去进行时是由“be动词的过去式was/were+现在分词”构成。三.过去进行时的基本句型肯定式疑问式否定式IwasworkingWereyouworking?IwasnotworkingHe/She/itwasworking.Washe/she/itworking?Yes,he/she/itwas.No,he/she/itwasn’t.He/she/itwasnotworking.Wewereworking.Wereweworking?Wewerenotworking过去进行时的基本用法过去进行时表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作，常和表过去的时间状语连用，如：Iwashavinglunchatthistimeyesterday.昨天的这个时候我正在吃午饭。常与过去完成时搭配的时间状语有:while,thewholemorning,alldayyesterdayfromninetotenlastevening,whenMybrotherfellwhilehewasridinghisbicycleandhurthimself.一般过去时和过去进行时的区别一般过去式常表示在过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态（包括过去习惯动作），常与一般过去时连用的时间状语有justnow,amomentago,yesterday,lastweek（month,year）及表示过去的时间状语从句。如：Heworkedinafactoryin2000.他2000年在一家工厂工作。Heoftenswamintheriverwhenhewasyoung.他小时侯常在河里游泳。过去进行时表示过去某一段时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作。常与之连用的时间状语有，atthatmoment,（at）thistimeyesterday（lastnight/week/Monday...）,at+点钟+yesterday（lastnight/Sunday.），while,when等引导的时间状语从句。Iwascookingwhensheknockedatthedoor.她敲门时我正在做饭。Whatwereyoudoingatsevenp.m.yesterday?昨天晚上七点你在干什么？一般过去时往往表示某一动作已经完成，而过去进行时却表示动作在持续或未完成。如：Ifinisheddoingmyhomeworklastnight.（昨晚我做完了作业，含有作业已做完的意思）Isawyouwhileyouwerespeakingtotheteacher你在和老师谈话时我看见了你。注意：有的过去时间状语既可用于一般过去时，也可用于过去进行时，但含义不同。如：Hewrotealettertohisfriendlastnight.他昨晚给他的朋友写了封信。（信写完了）Hewaswritingalettertohisfriendlastnight.他昨晚一直在给他的朋友写信（信不一定写完）when用作并列连词时，主句常用进行时态，从句则用一般过去时，表示主句动作发生的过程中，另一个意想不到的动作发生了。如：Iwaswalkinginthestreetwhensomeonecalledme.我正在街上走时突然有人喊我。下面几种情况不用一般过去时而要用过去进行时：与always连用表示赞美，厌烦等感情色彩时。如：Hewasalwaystalkinginclass.他总是上课说话。WhenEdisonwasyoung,hewasalwaysaskingquestions.（爱迪生小时候喜欢问问题）表示过去某一阶段暂时性的习惯动作时。如：Hewasgettingupatsixo’clockeverydaythatweek.他那一周里每天都是六点钟起床。EXERCISES:Jack whilehe hisbikeandhurthimself.A.fell,wasridingB.fell,wereridingC.wasfalling,rodeD.hadfallen,wasridingMary adresswhenshecutherfinger.A.madeB.ismakingC.wasmakingD.makesIfirstmetJimtwoyearsago.He atabookshopatthetime.A.hasworkedB.wasworkingC.hadbeenworkingD.hadworkedAsshe thenewspaper,Granny asleep.A.read；wasfallingB.wasreading；fellC.wasreading；wasfallingD.read；fellI mybreakfastwhenhecame.A.hadB.hadbeenhavingC.havebeenhavingD.washaving过去将来时过去将来时定义过去将来时主要表示过去某一时间内看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，经常用在宾语从句中。Hesaidthathewouldvisitmenextweek.过去将来时的结构would/should+动词原形(should用于第一人称)HesaidhewouldwashhiscarthenextSunday.他说他下个星期天会清洗车子。was/weregoingto+动词原形MrGreentoldusthatweweregoingtothefarmtohelpthefarmerspicktheappletrees.过去将来时的否定句与疑问句结构否定句 主语+would(should)not+动词原形〜.主语+be(was,were)notgoingto+动词原形〜一般疑问句 Would(Should)+主语+动词原形〜？Be(Was,Were)+主语+goingto+动词原形〜？注意：过去将来时常可用来表示过去习惯性的动作。此时，不管什么人称，一律用would。Wheneverhehadtime，hewoulddosomereading.他一有时间，总是看书。Iwouldplaywithhimwhenwasachild.当我还是孩童时，总是和他一起玩。EXERCISES:用过去将来时翻译下列句子我不知道他是否会来。她66岁了。三年后，她是69岁。她告诉我们，如果下雨，她就不和我们一起去了。我不知如何去做，他们会有什么想法呢？过去完成时过去完成时的定义过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻之前已发生了的动作或现象，强调过去的过去，句中通常会出现有表示过去某一时刻的时间状语。Bytheendoflastterm,wehadplanted2000trees.(到上学期未为至,我们已种植了2000棵树)常与过去完成时搭配的时间状语有： 一bytheendof ,before,by+过去时间，或when,before等引导的过去时态的从句来表示，也可以通过上下文来表示。Before10:00,hehadfinishedhishomework.在10:00之前完成作业，也就是过去的过去Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineo'clocklastnight.WehadlearnedovertwothousandEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.TheyhadplantedsixhundredtreesbeforelastWednesday.Whenhearrivedthestation,thetrainhadleft.在arrived过去的动作之前离开也就是过去的过去过去完成时的结构had+过去分词Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbefore8o'clock.过去完成时的否定句与疑问句否定句 主语+hadnot+过去分词+其他一般疑问句 Had+主语+过去分词+其他？过去完成时与现在完成时的比较过去完成时与现在完成时二者用法基本相同，但现在完成时以现在的时间为基点，过去完成时则以过去的时间为基点，与现在无关，即过去的过去。Ihavefinishedmyhomework.我已经做完作业了。(表示现在说话时已经做完作业)Bysixo'clock，Ihadfinishedmyhomework.在六点以前，我就已经做完作业(表示在过去的某一时间sixo'clock以前已经做完作业，与现在毫无关系)Ihaveknownhimforthreeyears.我认识他三年了。IhadknownhimwhenIwasastudent.我当学生时，就已经认识他了。用过去完成时翻译下列句子当我们到达火车站时，火车已经开走了。当我们到达电影院时,电影已经放映10分钟了。当我们到达那里时，会议已经开始了。到上学期未为至,我们已经种植了10000棵树。在9:00之前他已经做好了作业。这个医生说他已经给这个小男孩做了手术。八种动词时态综合练习()1.HemesinceIwasalittlechild.A.hasknownB.hadknownC.knowsD.knew()2.Anumberofstudentsattheschoolgate.A.hasgatherB.havegatheredC.isD.was()3.WhenIsawhissmilingface,Iknewhegoodnewsofhisparents.A.hashadB.hadhadC.washavingD.has()4.Tomsomehistorybooksfromtheschoollibraryyesterday.A.borrowsB.borrowedC.willborrowD.haveborrowed()5.Thereisgoingto avolleyballmatchonourschoolplayground.Thematchisgoingto atsixthisevening.A.have;beB.be;haveC.be;beD.have;have( )6.Let’sgototheparkassoonasschool.A.wasoverB.beoverC.isoverD.willbeover()7.Saysomethingaboutwhatyoutomorrowandwhatyouyesterday.A.aregoingtodo,didB.willdo,doC.willdo,havedoneD.havedone,did()8.WhenMissZhaocameintotheclassroom,thestudents .A.talkedB.weretalkingC.talkingD.talk()9.Wetheproblembefore,butweenjoyedhearingitagain.A.heardB.haveheardC.hadheardD.washearing()10.Bythetimehewastwelve,Edisontomakealivingbyhimself.A.wouldbeginB.hasbegunC.hadbegunD.wasbegun()11.When tolearnEnglish?A.doesshebeginB.didshebeginC.hasshebegunD.shebegan()12.Couldyouringmeupassoonashe ?A.arrivedB.wouldarriveC.arrivesD.willarrive( )13.Don’tgetoffthebusuntilit.A.hasstoppedB.stoppedC.willstopD.shallstop()14.Ithefilmseveraltimesalready.A.seesB.sawC.haveseenD.will()15.-Excuseme.Lookatthesign:NOSMOKING!-Sorry,I it.A.don'tseeB.didn'tseeC.haven'tseenD.won'tsee()16.Thatdinnerwasthemostexpensivemealwe.A.wouldhaveB.havehadC.hadneverhadD.hadeverhad()17.Wewon'tgototheGreatWallifit tomorrow.A.snowsB.snowedC.snowD.willsnow()18.Tellmewhotoourpartytomorrow.A.iscomingB.wascomingC.comeD.havecome()19.4Thesun intheeastand inthewest.A.raises;setB.rise;setsC.rises;setsD.rises;set()20.ItenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrefusetheoffer.A.gaveB.wasgivenC.wasgivingD.hadgiven( )21.MrLicameinjustnowandworried.A.lookedB.lookC.looksD.haslooked()22.WhenJackarrivedhelearnedMaryforalmostanhour.A.hadgoneB.hadsetoffC.hadleftD.hadbeenaway()23.Meimei Englishontheradioeverymorning.A.hadstudiedB.studiesC.studyD.studied()24. thegirl toschool?A.Wheredoes;goB.Howdo;goC.Howdoes;goesD.Howdoes;go()25.Theboy offthehorsetwominuteago.A.fallB.fallsC.fellD.felt()26.ThepenIIisonmydesk,rightundermynose.A.think;lostB.thought;hadlostC.think;hadlostD.thought;havelost()27.HowitinEnglish?A.yousayB.doyousayC.tospeakD.abouttalk()28.Shewillgoifit tomorrow.A.isn'trainB.don'trainC.doesn'trainD.didn'train()29.-Tomdidn'tgotoseethefilmwithyoulastnight,didhe?A.No,hedidB.No,hedoesn'tC.Yes,hedidD.Yes,hedidn't()30.Listen!Someone atthedoorofthemeeting-room.A.knockedB.knocksC.isknockingD.wasknocking()31.IfirstmetLisathreeyearsago.Sheataradioshopatthetime.A.hasworkedB.wasworkingC.hadbeenworkingD.hadworked()32.--you yourbreakfast?-Yes,Ihave.-When you it?-Twentyminutesago.A.Have;have;have;hadB.Did;have;did;haveC.Have;had;do;haveD.Have;had;did;have()33