中考英语非谓语动词分词课件

1.分词的定义

分词就是具有动词及形容词二者特征的词，分词分为现在分词(v-ing)和过去分词(v-ed)两种，是一种非谓语动词形式。*现在分词表示“主动和进行”*过去分词表示“被动和完成”(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成)。2.分词在句中可作以下成分01

表语定语0203

宾补状语04Part01分词做表语1.分词做表语跟在系动词之后分词做表语,一般跟在这几类系动词后面。(1)现在分词做表语一般表主动或主语的性质和特征。含有“令人….”的意思。主语多数为物。常见的有：exciting,interesting,disappointing,encouraging,puzzling,missing,surprising,confusing,amusing,charming,astonishing,shocking等①Thenewssoundsencouraging.

②Thatbookwasratherboring.③Theshowisveryamusing.④Hisresponsetothequestionwasquitedisappointing.(2)过去分词做表语一般表示被动或主语所处的状态。含有“感到….”的意思。主语多数情况是人。①Hisfatherseemspleasedwithhisresults.②Shefeltconfused,andevenfrightened.③I’msatisfiedwithyouranswer.④Ifeltdisappointedathisresponse.(1)be+过去分词，如果表示状态是系表结构;

如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。

Thewindowisbroken.（系表）

Thewindowwasbrokenbytheboy.（被动）2.做表语的过去分词与被动语态中的过去分词的区别3.作表语的现在分词和进行时态的现在分词的区别(1)作表语的现在分词表示主语的特征和性质。Thesituationinourcountryisencouraging.(2)进行时态中的分词表示主语正在进行的动作。Thesituationinourcountryisencouragingthepeople.在分词作表语的结构中，可以用其它系动词来代替be，但在进行结构中，则不可以。因为进行时的句型必须是be+doing。4.分词、动名词和不定式作表语的区别(1)分词作表语主要是表示主语的特点和所处的状态,主语和表语的位置不可以互换。

Thefilmisdisappointing.Wearedisappointedwiththefilm.Thisstorybookisveryinteresting.Iamveryinterestedinthisstory.(2)动名词和不定式作表语主要是表示主语的具体内容。主语和表语的位置常常可以互换。Part02分词做定语1.分词充当定语可转换成定语从句(1)现在分词作定语时，表示进行和主动，一般可转换为定语从句。①Themanwateringtheflowersisherhusband.Themanwhoiswateringtheflowersisherhusband.②Thedogplayingwiththeballismine.

Thedogthatisplayingwiththeballismine.*如果一个及物动词作定语，既要表达进行意味，又要表达被动意味时，用beingdone形式。

Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.=Thequestion

thatisbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.Doyouknowtheboybeingpunishedbyourteacher?=Doyouknowtheboywhoisbeingpunished

byourteacher?(2)及物动词的过去分词作定语用来表示被动,可改为带被动语态的定语从句①IfoundithardtounderstandtheEnglish

spoken

bynativespeakers.IfoundithardtounderstandtheEnglishwhichisspokenbynativespeakers.②Hedidn’tturnupatthemeeting

held

yesterday.Hedidn’tturnupatthemeetingwhichwasheldyesterday.(3)不及物动词的过去分词(仅限于不能后置的单个过去分词)则表示完成,可改为带有完成时态的定语从句①Wedranksome

boiledwater

andwentonwithourwork.Wedranksomewaterwhichhadboiledandwentonwithourwork.2.分词作定语时，具有形容词的性质。(1)单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前，(2)分词短语作定语，置于被修饰词的后面。①Thatmusthavebeenaterrifyingexperience.②Ifoundhimacharmingperson.③Mostofthepeopleinvitedtothepartywerefamousscientists.④Themandrinkingwinealoneisherbrother.(1)现在分词作定语表示主动、进行意义①Didyouseethegirldancingwithyourbrother.②Thefactory

makingthesepensisasmallone.③Chinaisadevelopingcountry.④Thoseoldladiesdancinginthesquare

remindmeofmygrandma.3.现在分词作定语与过去分词作定语的区别(2)及物动词的过去分词作定语表示被动、完成意义

Thisisapicturepaintedbymyfather.What’sthelanguagespokeninthatcountry?(3)不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表示完成意义。

Therearealotoffallenleavesinautumn.Youcanusetheboiledwatertomaketea.TheUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountry.注意1：分词的完成时不可充当定语2：在message,letter,sign,news,notice等词后要用现在分词作定语，不用过去分词。Thenews

beingspreadisaboutme.Thenotice

beingfollowedispostedbyme.Theydon'tcareaboutthemessage

beingconfirmed.3：某些现在分词充当定语时，已不再表示动作，已经从分词变为了形容词词性，如interestingstory，anexcitingmatch。这些也可以属于现在分词作定语，但是不能转化为相应的定语从句，但是可以有三级变化（原级、比较级、最高级）和被某些副词如very修饰。HerworriedexpressioncaughtmyattentionItwasthemostexcitingmomentofhislife.Ican'tfindamoreinterestingbookthanthisone.Part03分词做宾补1.宾语与宾补的关系(1)现在分词作宾语补足语时，

宾语与宾补之间在逻辑上存在着主谓关系(即宾语是现在分词动作的发出/执行者),且表示动作正在进行。Iheardsomeonesingingintheclassroom.Inoticedhimsneakingoutofthecinema.Canyousmellsomethingburning?(2)能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词,表示被动意义或已完成意义,有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。Wesawthethiefcaughtbythepolice.Inoticedapenleftonthetable.Peoplefoundthewaterpolluted.2.常跟动词(1)现在分词常用在下列动词后面作宾语补足语

①感官动词：see,hear,watch,feel,notice,observe,keep,find,listento,lookat等

②使役动词：have,get,make,let等Isawhimdancingnow.Don'thavethestudentsstudyingallday.Hecouldhearsomeonecryinginthenextroom.(2)能接过去分词做宾语补足语的动词有①表“希望”,“意愿”

,“爱憎”,“要求”的动词：want,wish,expect,like,hate,order等Hewon’tlike

suchquestiondiscussedatthemeeting.

Iwantedtwoticketsreserved.②表感觉或思维活动的动词(短语)feel,hear,listento,see,watch,observe,notice,find,think,consider,lookat等

Iconsiderthemattersettled.

Hefoundhishometowngreatlychanged.

③使役动词：have,get,make,let等I'llhavemyhaircuttomorrow.Don'tleavethosethingsundone.Hegothistoothpulledoutyesterday.Althoughhesaidalot,hestillfailedtomakehimselfunderstood.(1)Iheardsomeone

me.(call)(2)Iheardmyname

.(call)(3)Wefoundthesnake

theeggs.(eat)(4)Wefoundtheeggs

bythesnake.(eat)(5)You’dbetterhavethedangerousbuilding

.(pulldown)(6)Youmustmakeyourself

whenyoutalkinfrontoftheclass.(hear)(7)Hecouldhearsomeone

aroundintheroomabove.(move)用所给单词的适当形式填空callingpulleddowncalledeatenmovingeatingheardPart04分词作状语*分词在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、方式、伴随等。分词（短语）作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句中主语相一致。

Thestudentswentoutoftheclassroom,laughingandtalking.

Givenbetterattention,theplantscouldgrowbetter.

注意：分词在句子中作状语，使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语的关系：

主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词Although

workingveryhard,hefailedtopassthefinalexam.Oncerecovered,hethrewhimselfintohisworkandmadeeveryefforttodoitwell.Whentreatedwithkindness,hewasveryamiable(和蔼可亲的）.*现在分词或过去分词作状语时，有时可以在分词前加while，when,once,although,until,if等从属连词。1.分词作时间状语当分词做时间状语时，可以转化为一个由when/while/as/after/before/till/until等引导的时间状语从句Seenfromthespace,theearthlooksblue.=Whenitisseenfromspace,theearthlooksblue.分词的时态与语态形式主动式被动式一般时doingdone完成时havingdonehavingbeendoneWhilewaitingforthetrain,Ihadalongtalkwithmysister.Havingdonehishomework,theboybegantowatchTV.Havingbeenlaughedatforhislameness(跛脚),theboybecameshy.(1).当要表达正在进行的动作时，我们可以直接在现在分词前面加上when／whileWalkinginthestreet,Isawhim.=When/While(Iwas)walkinginthestreet,Isawhim.

Sleepingonthesofa,Iheardaloudnoiseoutsidethewindow.=注：此结构中,不能用其他连接词替换when或while.When(Iwas)sleepingonthesofa,Iheardaloudnoiseoutsidethewindow.当所表示动作与谓语动作同时发生,则用现在分词的一般式。Jimhurthisarmwhile

playingtennis.Becarefulwhencrossingtheroad.

Hestoodthere,listeningtothebroadcastquietly.Theboyslieonthebeach,laughingandchattingwitheachother.Hestoodthere,waitingforhismother.他站在那儿，等着他的妈妈(2)分词所表示的动作一发生，谓语动词表示的动作立即发生，这时用现在分词的一般式作时间状语，其逻辑主语为句中的主语。常用的动词多是表示一个极短暂动作的动词，如hear,

see,

arrive,

return,

getto,

look,

open,

close,

leave,

turnaround,

walk等。Hearingthenews,theyjumpedforjoy.Arrivingatthestation,hefoundhiswifewaitingtomeethim.Returninghome,hefoundhismotherseriouslyill.以上情况可以换作on+动名词,表示相同的意思.译作"一（刚）……就……".也可以换作是when引导的时间状语从句,该从句的动词多用一般过去时表示.

Hearingthebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.

=Onhearingthebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.=Whentheyheardthebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.

(3)分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前,

则要用现在分词的完成式,

即havingdone的形式.

分词的逻辑主语应是句中的主语。

Havingfinishedherwork,shewenthome.Havingfoundahotel,welookedforsomewheretohavedinner.Havingheardthis,thewomanastronautexpressedhersatisfaction.Havingbeenbeatenbyhisfather,thelittleboybecameverypolite.Havingfinishedtheirwork,theyhadarest.他们完成工作之后，他们就休息了*分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前，这种情况也可以用after+动名词的一般式表示,还可以用after/when引导的时间状语从句来替换,该从句的谓语动词用过去完成式。

Havingfinishedhishomework,theboywasallowedtowatchTVplay.=Afterhavingfinishedhishomework,

theboy

wasallowedtowatchTVplay.=After/whenhehadfinished

hishomework,

theboy

wasallowedtowatchTVplay.

③表示动作的完成或被动关系用过去分词。

Seenfromthehill,thecitylooksmagnificent.Inspiredbyhisfriends,heregainedhisconfidence.Toldtogototheboss'soffice,shethoughtthebossknewshewaslate.①及物动词的过去分词没有完成式，它有“完成”和“被动”的含义，但却没有强调该动作发生在谓语动词前。它有时可以用现在分词完成被动式（havingbeendone）去替换。

过去分词

和

现在分词完成被动式的区别：Afterbeingsentencedtodeath,hecannolongerendangersociety.=Sentencedtodeath,hecannolongerendangersociety.=Havingbeensentencedtodeath,hecannolongerendangersociety.②现在分词完成被动式(havingbeendone)：强调分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。（强调动作发生在先）

Havingbeencriticized,shebegantorealizehermistakes.Havingbeenwarnedseveraltimes,hestilldidnotreflectonhimself.

Havingbeencutdown,thesetreesareusedtobuildhouses.=Afterbeingcutdown，thesetreesareusedtobuildhouses.(1).蘑菇采摘后通常都会被卖出去。(mushroomn.蘑菇)(2).这些房屋已被暴风雨摧毁，将重建。用今天所学的知识点来翻译以下句子：Havingbeendestroyedbythestorm,thesehouseswillberebuilt.Having

beenpicked,mushroomsareusuallysold.Afterbeingpicked,mushroomsareusuallysold.Afterbeingdestroyedbythestorm,thesehouseswillberebuilt.(3)一听到这个可怕的消息，他立马就把窗户关上了(terribleadj.可怕的)Onhearingtheterriblenews,heimmediatelyclosedthewindow.Onarrivingatthehotel,hewenttotakeabath.(4)一到酒店，他就去洗澡了

(takeabath)(5)我在沙发上看电视的时候，听到邻居在吵架。(quarrelv.吵架)WhilewatchingTVonthesofa,Iheardmyneighborsquarreling.WatchingTVonthesofa,Iheardmyneighborsquarreling.Hearingtheterriblenews,heimmediatelyclosedthewindow.Arrivingatthehotel,hewenttotakeabath.2.分词作原因状语现在分词作状语表原因时，可以转化为一个由as,because等表示原因的连词来引导原因状语从句。

Beingill,shestayedathome.=Asshewasill,shestayedathome

Absorbedindeepthought,hedidn’thearthesound.=Becausehewasabsorbedindeepthought,hedidn’thearthesound.Deeplymovedbythestory,shebegantocry.①Asshewasdeeplymovedbythestory,shebegantocry.②Becausehewasunemployed,hehasn’tgotmuchmoney.③Becausewedidn’tknowheraddress,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithher.Beingunemployed,hehasn’tgotmuchmoney.Notknowingheraddress,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithher.(1)分词所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生时，用分词的一般形式。Forgettinghismanners,heputhisfeetuponthedesk.Keepingthinkingabouttheaccident,hecouldn’tgotosleep.(2)分词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，用分词的完成式。HavingbeentotheGreatWallmanytimes,hedidn’tgolastweek.=BecausehehadbeentotheGreatWallmanytimes,hedidn’tgolastweek.3.分词作条件状语分词作状语，表条件时，可以转化为一个由if/unless等引导的条件状语从句。

Workinghard,youwillsucceed.=Ifyouworkhard,youwillsucceed.Keptinrefrigerator,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.=Iftheyarekeptinrefrigerator,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.4.分词作让步状语分词作状语，表让步时，可以转化为一个由although,whether,evenif,eventhough引导的让步状语从句。Havingfailedmanytimes,hedidn'tloseheart.=Thoughhehadfailedmanytimes,hedidn'tloseheart.(1)Beaten

bytheenemy,herefusedtoletoutthesecret.Althoughhewasbeatenbytheenemy,herefusedtoletoutthesecret.(2)Althoughhehasbeenwarnedmanytimes,hestillhasn'tmadeany

changes.

Havingbeenwarnedmanytimes,hestillhasn't

madeanychanges.5.分词作伴随状语分词短语表示方式或伴随情况是比较常用的，它用来说明动作发生的背景或情况。一般情况下，分词所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。他没有相应的状语从句可转换，但可以用并列句来转换Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.=Hesatthereandhewasreadinganewspaper.

Shewalkedoutofthehouse,followedbyherlittledaughter.=Shewalkedoutofthehouseandwasfollowedbyherlittledaughter.Theyjustsatonthesofa,watchingTV.=TheyjustsatonthesofaandtheywerewatchingTV.6.现在分词作结果状语与不定式做结果状语的区别(1)现在分词作结果状语指一种自然而然，意料之中的结果(2)不定式作结果状语指意料之外的结果，常与only连用Hehurriedhome,onlytofindtheguestshadleft.Peopleallovertheworldsingthesong,makingitpopular.Hewenttothefactory,onlytofindnobodyin.Hisfatherdied,leavinghimalone.7.分词作状语时需注意事项(1)分词短语作状语时，他的逻辑主语通常应是句子的主语.逻辑主语与分词若构成主动关系，用现在分词。若构成被动关系，分词用过去分词。Seeingfromthehill,youcanseethewholecity.Seenfromthehill,thecityisbeautiful.(2)例外的情况被用作介词或连词的分词supposing假设、设想including包括

accordingto按照Generallyspeaking…..一般说来Franklyspeaking….坦白地说Supposinghewon’tpasstheexam,whatshouldhedo?ManypeopleincludingtheoldgotoworkwithoutanypayonSunday.Accordingtohisreport,thesituationisgettingserious.with的复合结构现在分词with宾补宾语+++不定式过去分词形容词/副词介词短语宾语和宾补之间是主动关系表示将来宾语和宾补之间是被动关系Withthekindgirlleadingus,wehadnodifficultyfindingthelibrary.Withmuchhomeworktodotonight,Ican’tgooutwithyou.Withhiskeylost,hecouldn’tgetintohishouse.Hestoodbeforehisteacherwithhisheaddown.1)

(hear)thegoodnews,hejumpedwithjoy.2)

(give)aoperation,thepatientrecoveredfromillnessveryquickly.3)Once

(publish),thisdictionarywillbeverypopular.4)

（laugh）and

(talk),theywentintotheroom.5)Pleasefillinthisform,

(give)yourname,address,etc.6)

(see)fromthetopofthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.1.根据括号中所给单词的适当形式填空HearingGivenLaughingtalkinggivingpublishedSeen7)Hesatatthetable,

(read)ChinaDaily.8)

(give)moretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.9)