口语4综合题6完全把握得分点

例子例子解释5*（非必要Oneofthehardestpartsofteachingiskeepingyourstudents'attention.Now,thekeytodoingthisisunderstandingtheconceptofattention.（主题）Basically,therearetwotypesofattention.ThefirsttypeisactiveActiveattentionisvoluntary.It'swhenyouintentionallymakeyourselffocusonsomething.Andsinceitrequireseffort,it'shardtokeepupforalongtime.（第一个类别，特点是自主和难保持）抓点：attentionactive~voluntaryhardtoOk,so,um,let'ssay（举例标志）you'reteachinga...abiologyclassandtoday'stopicis'frogs'allrightYou'restandingatthefrontoftheroomandlecturing,"A-frog-is-a-type-of-animal-known-as-an-amphibian.'Well,thisisn'tnecessarilygoingtokeepthestudentsinterest（背景，上课状态）ButmostofthemwillforcethemselvestopayactiveattentiontoyourlectureButit'sonlyamatteroftimebeforetheygetdistracted.（结果：强迫，走神） hardNowtheothertypeofattentionispassiveattentionwhenit'sinvoluntary.（第二个类别）Passiveattentionrequiresnoeffortbecauseithappensnaturally.Ifsomething'sreallyinteresting,studentsdon'thavetoforcethemselvestopayattentiontoit.Theydoitwithouteventhinkingaboutit（特点是自然发生不费劲）So,backtoourbiologylecture,youstarttalkingaboutfrogs,andthenyoupullalivefrogoutofyourbriefcase.You'redescribingitwhileyouholditup,showthestudentshowlongitslegsareandandhowthey'reusedforjumping,forexample.（背景：上课生动）Then,maybeyou'llevenletthefrogjumparoundabitonthedeskorthefloor.（过分细节）Inthiscase,bydoingsomethingunexpected,somethingmoreengaging,youcantapintotheirpassiveattentionanditcanlastmuchlongerthanactiveattention.（有趣事是使注意力自然发生且保持）Aslongasthefrogisstillthere,yourstudentswillbeinterested.Usingpointsandexamplesfromthetalk,explainthedifferencebetweenactiveandpassiveattention.Inthislecture,theprofessortalksabouttwotypesofX.（15sec）Thefirst is(called/about) (whichmeansthat) Forexample,例子（时态）(20Thesecond is(called/about)，(whichmeansthat) Forexample,例子（时态）(20Oneofthehardestpartsofteachingiskeepingyourstudents'attention.Now,thekeytodoingthisisunderstandingtheconceptofattention.Basically,therearetwotypesofattention.Thefirsttypeis'active'.Activeattentionisvoluntary.It'swhenyouintentionallymakeyourselffocusonsomething.Andsinceitrequireseffort,it'shardtokeepupforalongtime.Theprofessortalksabouttwotypesofattention,oneiscalledactiveattetion,whichisvoluntaryandrequiresefforttokeep.Ok,so,um,let'ssayyou'reteachinga...abiologyclass,andtoday'stopicis'frogs',allright?You'restandingatthefrontoftheroomandlecturing,"A-frog-is-a-type-of-animal-known-as-an-amphibian.'Well,thisisn'tnecessarilygoingtokeepthestudents'interest.Butmostofthemwillforcethemselvestopayactiveattentiontoyourlecture.Butit'sonlyamatteroftimebeforetheygetdistracted.Forexample,ifyou'reteachingabiologyclassandintroducingafrogbyitsdefinition,studentswillforcethemselvestopayactiveattentionbutthey'llgetdistractedsoon.Nowtheothertypeofattentionispassiveattentionwhenit'sinvoluntary.Passiveattentionrequiresnoeffortbecauseithappensnaturally.Ifsomething'sreallyinteresting,studentsdon'thavetoforcethemselvestopayattentiontoit.Theydoitwithouteventhinkingaboutit.Anothertypeofattentioniscalledpassiveattentionwhichrequiresnoeffortandhappensnaturally.So,backtoourbiologylecture,youstarttalkingaboutfrogs,andthenyoupullalivefrogoutofyourbriefcase.You'redescribingitwhileyouholditup,showthestudentshowlongitslegsareand,andhowthey'reusedforjumping,forexample.Then,maybeyou'llevenletthefrogjumparoundabitonthedeskorthefloor.Inthiscase,bydoingsomethingunexpected,somethingmoreengaging,youcantapintotheirpassiveattentionanditcanlastmuchlongerthanactiveattention.Aslongasthefrogisstillthere,yourstudentswillbeinterested.Takingthesameexampleagain,ifyoushowyourstudentonyourbiologyclasswhatdoesalivefroglooklike,youaredoingsomethingmoreengagingtoattractstudents'passiveattention,anditcanlastmuchlongerthanactiveattention.Whenpeopleareindifficultsituations,sometimestheyexperiencefeelingsofhelplessness,orpsychologicalpain.So,whatdotheydo?Theyunconsciouslyusestrategiescalleddefensemechanisms,（主题）toprotectthemselvespsychologicallyfromtheirpainfulemotions.（背景）Let'ssay（举例标志）awomanhasapetdog.She'shadthisdogforalongtime,andhe'skepthercompanyandguardedherforyears...butonedayherunsaway.Thiswomanlookseverywhere,andasksotherpeopleifthey'veseenherdog...butshejustcan'tfindhim.Now,shefeelshelplessandsad（对应背景：painfulemotions）becauseshemissesherSoshe'llunconsciouslyfindways（衔接分类）todealwithherpainfulfeelings.Onedefensemechanism（第一个方法）shemightuseisfantasy.Withfantasy,thewomanusesherimagination.Soinsteadofjustfeelinghelplessandsadaboutherlostdog,sheinventsahappystory（具体做法）inhermind.Shemightimaginethatanicefamilyfoundhimandfeedshim,andthathe'sreallyhappywiththem.She'llpicturethedogplaying,runningaround...havingfun.（大段情景描述）Becauseofthisfantasy（总结标志）shedoesn'thavetofeelsadaboutherdogrunningawayIt'safantasy..it'snotreal,butitkeepsherpainaway.Anotherdefensemechanism（第二个方法）shemightuse,iswhatwecallsublimation.Sublimationisdifferentfromfantasy,becausesublimationisn'taboutpretending...it'saboutturningnegativeemotionsintosomethinguseful.（具体做法）Practical.So,thewomanmightstartadogtrainingschool.（具体做法）Thatway,bytrainingdogs,perhapsshecanhelppreventotherpeople'sdogsfromrunningaway,likehersdid.Inotherwords,（重复标志）withsublimationasadefensemechanism,thewomanredirectshernegativefeelingsaboutlosingherdogintoapositive,constructiveactivity.（总结，重复上文）Usingpointsandexamplesfromthetalk,describethetwodefensemechanismsmentionedbytheprofessor.Theprofessortalksabout2defensemechanismspeopleusewhentheyexperiencedifficult