大学实用英语1（本科）Success Story

SuccessStoryUnit2LearningTasks

YouAreAbleto:GetsomeknowledgeaboutthesuccessofMaYunandMaryQuantFamiliarizeyourselfwithsomeusefulwordsorphrasesPlayaroleandspeakinEnglishListentosomeEnglishdialoguesandashortspeechGetsomeknowledgeabouttheskillscommonlyusedinEnglishreadingcomprehensionLearnhowtowriteaThank-youLetterYouAreSuggestedto:PayattentiontothetoneandstressofthesentenceKnowthemeaningofanEnglishwordisusuallydecidedbyitscontextPartⅠListeningandSpeakingWarm-upDirections:

Canyousayoutthenamesofthefamouspersonsinthepicturesbelow?Ifyouhavenoidea,pleaseturntoyourclassmateforhelp.

(1)(2)(3)

(5)(6)(7)A.MarilynMonroeB.JohnWinstonLennonC.AbrahamLincolnD.BruceLeeE.ErnestMillerHemingway

F.VincentvanGoghCEADFBPartⅠListeningandSpeakingOralPracticeTask1Directions:Readthefollowingshortdialogues,payingattentiontothetoneandstressofyourreading.Dialogue1A:Whatdoyouthinkofthewaypeopletreatanimals?B:Ithinkmostpeopletreatanimalswell,butweareoftencrueltoanimals.Whenweraiseanimalsforfood,theconditionstheyliveinareoftenpoor.A:Perhapspeopleshouldstopeatinganimals.Wecouldgrowmorecrops.B:Whatwouldyoudowithalltheanimals?Youcouldn’tjustletthemgo.A:Weshouldprovidethemwithbetterconditionsanyway.B:That’strue.Ithinkzoosareagoodidea,becausetheyallowpeopletogetclosetoanimals.

PartⅠListeningandSpeakingDialogue2A:Yourdogissoplayful.Iwishourcatenjoyedbeingaroundpeopleasmuchasyourdogdoes.B:Catsarewellknownforbeingmoreindependentthandogs.Howoldisyourcatnow?A:She’ssixyearsold.She’sgettingquiteold.Yourdog’sfive,isn’tit?B: Yes.He’ssoenergetic.Wetakehimouttotheparkeverymorningandevening. Ithinkhe’dbehappytostaythereallday!A:I’msurehewould.B:Yourcatspendsmostofthedayoutdoors,right?A:Shespendslesstimeoutdoorsthansheusedto.Wehavenoideawhereshegoes.She’sverysecretive.PartⅠListeningandSpeakingTask2Directions:Usetheinformationgivenbelowtocreatearole-play.Dialogue1Dividethewholeclassintofourgroups.Askeachgrouptochooseanitemthatisforsaleatthedepartmentstore,suchasacomputer,cellphone,cosmetics,toys,clothingoretc.andthenprepareaTVcommercialofthatitemfortheclass.

PartⅠListeningandSpeakingListeningPracticeTask1Directions:Nowyouwillhear5shortconversations.Theywillbereadonlyonce.Aftereachconversation,thereisaquestion.Listencarefullyandchoosethebestanswerfromthe4choices.1.A.Afax. B.Areport.C.Anewspaper. D.Aletter.2.A.Buyanewcomputer. B.Restartthecomputer.C.Asksomeonetorepairthecomputer.D.Borrowacomputerfromthecompany.3.A.Shehasn’tsenttheemail. B.Shehasn’tgotanyemail.C.Shewon’treadtheemail. D.Shewon’treplytotheemail.4.A.Thepriceofthebooks. B.Theauthorofthebooks.C.Thewaytopackthebooks. D.Thetimetogetthebooks.5.A.Verynice. B.Verystrict.C.Veryhumorous. D.Veryshy.BCBDAPartⅠListeningandSpeakingTask2Directions:Inthissectionyouwillhearalongconversation.Itwillbereadtwice.Thenyouarerequiredtoanswerthefollowingquestionsbymakingcorrectchoices.6.Thewomanwantstogotothemoviesbecause____________.sheistiredofstayingathomealldaysheistiredofwatchingTV7.Thewomansaysshedoesn’twanttoseethemovieGonewiththeWindbecause_________.themovietheateristoofarawayshedoesn’twanttoseeitasecondtime8.Finallythecoupledecideto____________.stayhomeandwatchTVgoandseeahorrorfilmPartⅠListeningandSpeakingTask3Directions:Listentothepassagecarefully.Itwillberead3times.Duringthesecondreading,youarerequiredtoputthemissingwordsorphrasesinthenumberedblanksaccordingtowhatyouhear.Thethirdreadingisforyoutocheckyourwriting.Iamworkingwithacomputercompany.Myfamilylivesneartherailwaystation,andwithinfiveminutes’walktoashopping(9)____________.Weliveinaflatwith3bedroomsandaverylarge(10)____________.Thereisabeautifulgarden,too.Thehouseisvery(11)____________tolivein.However,formyconveniencetogotoworkand(12)____________lostontheway,Iwouldliketoexchangemyhouseforasimilaroneorevenabitsmalleronenearmyworkplace.Ifyouareinterested,pleasecallmeat5538765(13)____________oremailmeatbhousing@.centerlivingroomcomfortablesavethetimeofficehoursPartⅡReadingComprehensionQuestionsfordiscussion：1.WhoisJackMa?Saysomethingabouthimandhiscompany.2.Beforehebecamesuccessful,JackMawascalled“CrazyJackMa”.Whatisyouropinionaboutthisnickname?3.What’syourideaabout“success”?Doesitjustrefertobeingrich?4.Ifyouareamillionaire,whatwillyoudofirst?PartⅡReadingComprehensionPassage1JackMa,founderandchairmanofAlibaba,isoneofthoseself-madebillionairesinthetechnologyfield.HebelievedintheInternet’sbusinesspotentialwhenfewotherChinesedid.Outlandishideasearnedhimthenickname“CrazyJackMa.”Butnoonethinkshe’smadnow.Startingatage12,Maawokeat5a.m.towalkorridetoHangzhou’smainhotelssohecouldpracticeEnglishwithforeigntourists.Hedidthisfornineyearsandactedasafreetourguidetomanyforeigners.Alibaba’sJackMa:From“Crazy”toBeaBillionairePartⅡReadingComprehensionPassage1Graduatingin1988,MamarriedhiscollegesweetheartandtaughtEnglishatalocalcollegeforfiveyears.Duringthattime,healsoappliedfor,andfailedtoland,jobsatalocalKFC,ahotelandthecitypolice.Determinedtoenterbusiness,hesetupatranslationcompany,buthestillhadtosellgoodsonthestreettogetby.MatraveledtotheUnitedStatesin1995asatranslatortohelpaChinesefirmrecoverapayment.Theattemptfailed,andtheAmericanwhoowedmoneyevenpulledagunonhim,Masays.ButafriendinSeattleshowedMatheInternet.Whenhesearchedfor“Chinesebeer”,Mafoundnothing.ButtherewasplentyofinformationaboutAmericanandGermanbeer.Sensinganopportunity,MabuiltaChinese-languagewebpage.Withinhoursoflaunch,hewasreceivinginquiriesfromaroundtheworld.TheInternet,Mathought,is“goingtochangetheworldandchangeChina.”PartⅡReadingComprehensionPassage1WhenhereturnedtoChina,MaworkedinBeijingforanInternetfirmundertheMinistryofCommerce,butlaterhereturnedhometoHangzhoutopursuehisdream.In1999,MagatheredmorethanadozenfriendsathishomeandfoundedAlibaba,abusiness-to-businessonlineplatform.ThefirmquicklyoutgrewMa’sapartment,eventuallybecomingthedominanttechcompanyinChina.“ThebusinessmodelMaYuncreatedsuitedtheChinesemarket,especiallywhenChinawastransformingintoamarketeconomy.What’smore,MaYunisgoodatcooperatingwithothertalents.Hiscompanycultureandhispersonalcharmattractedemployees,andhisslogansareuplifting,”saideconomistFengPengcheng,directoroftheChinaResearchCenterforCapitalManagement.PartⅡReadingComprehensionPassage1Maresignedin2013asAlibaba’sCEO,butheclearlyremainsinchargeasthefirm’sexecutivechairman.Hehashintedatexploringmore“cultural”pursuits,suchasfilm-making,educationandenvironmentalprotection.“OneissuefacingChinaisthatpeople’swalletsarebulging,buttheirheadsareempty,”hetoldHongKong’sSouthChinaMorningPostlastyear.Maalsopromisesmorephilanthropy,includingwhatmaybeChina’slargestcharityfoundation.(467words)PartⅡReadingComprehensionNewWords

billionaire/ˌbɪljəˈneə/n.

亿万富翁self-made/ˌselfˈmeɪd/adj.白手起家的；靠自己奋斗成功的outlandish/aʊtˈlændɪʃ/adj.极不寻常的；奇特的potential/pəˈtenʃl/adj.n.

潜在的；可能的潜力；潜质nickname/’nɪkneɪm/n.v.

绰号；昵称给……取绰号sweetheart/'swiːthɑːt/n.心上人land/lænd/

v.着陆；成功得到local/ˈləʊkl/

adj.地方的；当地的determined/dɪˈtɜ:mɪnd/adj.决心；决定plenty/ˈplenti/n.

大量；众多within/wɪˈðɪn/prep.在(某段时间)内inquiry/ɪnˈkwaɪəri/n.查问；查询PartⅡReadingComprehensionNewWords

outgrow/ˌaʊtˈɡrəʊ/v.增长得容不进(某地)；比……长得高(或大)eventually/ɪˈventʃuəli/adv.最后；终于dominant/ˈdɒmɪnənt/adj.首要的，占优势的uplifting/ʌp'lɪftɪŋ/adj.令人振奋的，令人开心的tech/tek/

n.

科技resign/rɪˈzaɪn/v.辞职，辞去(职务)charge/tʃɑːdʒ/

n.v.收费；指控收(费)；控告；给……充电executive/ɪɡˈzekjətɪv/n.(公司或机构的)主管领导；管理人员hint/hɪnt/v.暗示，透露pursuit/pəˈsju:t/n.

追求；寻找；爱好bulge/bʌldʒ/v.膨胀；凸出PartⅡReadingComprehensionNewWords

philanthropy/fɪ'lænθrəpɪ/n.博爱，慈善；慈善事业charity/'tʃærɪtɪ]/n.慈善；施舍

PartⅡReadingComprehensionPhrasesandExpressions

actas

充当；起作用applyfor申请getby维持生计believein相信某人(某事物)存在；认为某事好；信任PartⅡReadingComprehensionProperNames

Alibaba

阿里巴巴JackMa

马云KFC

肯德基Seatle西雅图theMinistryofCommerce商务部CEO首席执行官SouthChinaMorningPost《南华早报》PartⅡReadingComprehensionExercisesⅠ.ReadingComprehensionDirections:Thereare5questionsorunfinishedstatementsinthissection.Foreachquestionorstatementthereare4choicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshouldmakethecorrectchoiceaccordingtopassage1andmarkthecorrespondingletter.1.WhyisJackManicknamed“CrazyJackMa”?A.Becauseheisoftenoutofcontrolofhimself.B.Becausehisideasaresometimesstrangetoothers.C.Becausehisthoughtsarealwaysimpractical.D.BecauseheusuallyspeaksEnglishtohisfriends.2.InordertomasterspokenEnglish,JackMa______.A.walkedorrodetohotelsatanearlytimeinthemorningB.triedhisbesttoworkasafreetouristguideC.triedtoguideforeignersasmanyaspossibleD.didhisbesttoserveforeignvisitorsinEnglishBAPartⅡReadingComprehension3.Aftergraduationfromcollege,JackMafailedto______.A.marryhiscollegesweetheartB.obtainajobatalocalcompanyC.getajobatKFCD.runhisowncompany4.WhydidJackMatraveltotheUniteStatesin1995?A.BecausehehopedtobeenrolledbyHarvardUniversity.B.Becausehewantedtoworkthereasatranslator.C.Becausehewasaskedbyacompanytohelprecoverapayment.D.BecausehewantedtoknowbetterhowtousetheInternet.5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?A.JackMagotfinancialsupportfromhisfriends.B.JackMahascapabilityofcooperatingwithothers.C.JackMahasretiredandisnowmakingmovies.D.JackMa’shometownisHangzhou,thecapitalcityofZhejiangProvince.CCCPartⅡReadingComprehensionⅡ.IdentifyingPicturesDirections:Doyouhaveanyideaaboutthefamouspersonsinthefollowingpictures?Whoarethey?PleasematcheachpicturewiththecorrectnamegiveninEnglish.Ifyouhavedifficulty,youcanaskyourclassmatesorconsulttheInternet.A.NapoleonBonaparte B.CharlesChaplinC.WilliamShakespeareD.GeorgWilhelmFriedrichHegelE.LeonardodaVinci F.LudwigvanBeethoven(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)CFABEDPartⅡReadingComprehensionⅢ.VocabularyTask1Directions:Fillintheblankswiththewordsorphrasesgiveninthebox.Changetheformwherenecessary.1.Wageshavefallenbymorethantwentypercent_______thepasttwomonths.2.Thenewbridge________thesurroundingvillageswiththetown.3.Weareawareofthe________problemsandhavetakeneveryprecaution(措施).4.Ifyouare________todosomething,youhavemadeafirmdecisiontodoitandwillnotletanythingstopyou.5.Millionsofpeoplehavetriedtolooseweightand________miserably.D.didhisbesttoserveforeignvisitorsinEnglishpotentialfailpursuitplentyofpracticeduringapplyforconnectopportunitydeterminedduringconnectspotential

determined

failedPartⅡReadingComprehension6.Ifyouwantto________ajobattheofficewhereIwork,I’llputinagoodwordforyou.7.Manybusyexecutiveshavebegunto__________yoga(瑜伽)andmeditation(冥想).8.Whenwewerefinallyalone,Itookthe________toaskhimafewpersonalquestions.9.Thereare________materialsyoucanchoosefrom;theproblemnowishowtomakeyourselection.10.Peoplearehavingtomovetootherareasin________ofwork.

applyforpracticeopportunity

plentyofpursuitPartⅡReadingComprehensionTask2Directions:FillintheblanksinthefollowingpassagebyselectingsuitablewordsfromtheWordBank.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Amanwastellingoneofhisfriendsthesecretofhiscontentedmarriedlife.“Mywifemakesallthesmall(1)______,”heexplained,“andImakeallthebigones,soweneverinterferewitheachother’s(2)______andnevergetannoyedwitheachother.Wehaveno(3)______andnoarguments.”“Thatsoundsvery(4)______,”answeredhisfriend.“andwhatsortofdecisionsdoesyourwifemake?”“Well,”answeredtheman,“shedecideswhatjobsI(5)______for,whatsortofhousewelivein,whatfurniturewehave,(6)______wegoforourholidays,andthingslikethat.”Hisfriendwassurprised.“Oh?”hesaid.“Andwhatdoyouconsider(7)______decisionsthen?”“Well,”answeredtheman,“IdecidewhoshouldbePrimeMinister,(8)______weshouldincreaseourhelptopoorcountries,whatweshoulddoabouttheatombomb,andthingslikethat.”A.reasonable B.where C.business D.whetherE.apply F.decisions G.important H.complaintsFCHAEBGDPartⅡReadingComprehensionⅣ.TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingEnglishsentencesintoChinese.1.HebelievedintheInternet’sbusinesspotentialwhenfewotherChinesedid.2.MatraveledtotheUnitedStatesin1995asatranslatortohelpaChinesefirmrecoverapayment.3.ButtherewasplentyofinformationaboutAmericanandGermanbeer.4.Theyworkedonanewventure:awebsitetoconnectexporterswithforeignbuyers.5.Hehashintedatexploringmore“cultural”pursuits,suchasfilm-making,educationandenvironmentalprotection.在很少有中国人注意互联网的时代，马云就已经看好网络市场的潜力了。马云第一次使用因特网搜索“中国啤酒”时什么都没找到。但是，网上有大量关于美国和德国啤酒的信息。他们开始谋划一种新型企业，一个把出口商和外国客户连接起来的网站。1961年，她第一次举办了时装展，随后建立了她的第一家批发公司。PartⅡReadingComprehensionPassage2MaryQuantwasthefashiondesignerresponsibleforthe“LondonLook”of60’s.Shewastheinventoroftheminiskirt.Althoughshedesignedinherrestoflife,sheislargelyknownforher60’screations.MaryQuantwasborninLondon,EnglandonFebruary11th,1934.From1950-1953sheattendedGoldsmith’sCollegeofArtinLondon.In1955MaryopenedashopinLondononKing’sRoad,withAlexanderGreenwholaterbecameherhusband.Hereshesoldinexpensive,brightlycoloredclotheswhichwereimmediatelyhitswithyounggirlsandboys.Theseincludedskinnyjumpers,shortskirts,coloredtightsandhats.MaryQuantPartⅡReadingComprehensionIn1961MaryQuantshowedherfirstcollectionandlaunchedherfirstwholesalecompany.In1962shepresentedherfirstcollectionfortheAmericanmarket.Mary’sdesignsspokeforthemselves,andmodelsenjoyedwearingherclothesatfashionshows.Herpublicityandsuccessmadetraditionallycautiousdesignerschangetheirattitudesandwanttheirowndesignstoappealtothenewlyimportant,big-spending16to25yearoldmarket.In1965shelaunchedtheminiskirtinLondon.AfashionshowwasheldaboardtheroyalyachtQueenElizabethandwasagreathit.Thesameyear,shetook30coatstotheUSAandthemodelsintheirthigh-highdressesstoppedtrafficonBroadwayandinTimesSquareinNewYork.TheywereseenonAmericanTV.PartⅡReadingComprehensionShesoonhadbuiltupmillionpoundindustry,sellingtonearlyallthecountriesinthewesternworldandJapan.In1966MaryQuantreceivedtheO.B.E.forherservicestothefashionindustry,andwenttoreceivethishonorfromtheQueendressedinaminiskirt.In1970sheintroducedhotpants,tightshortshorts,wornwithfloorlengthmaxi-coatsandknee-highboots.Thesewereanimmediatesuccess.In1994sheopenedMaryQuant,sellingbeautyproducts.In1996alongwithmanyotherdesigners,shejoinedaproductwhichwassoldforcharityandraisedquiteagoodamount.Herclotheshavecontinuedtosellwell,eventoday,butsheneveragainreachedthepopularityandvalueofsalesthatshedidinthe60’s.Herbeautyproductshowever,sellverywelltoday.PartⅡReadingComprehensionMarybecameagrandmotherforthefirsttimeinAugust2002,whenhersonOrlandoGreenhadasonwhichtheycalledLucasAlexander.AllthefashionshowsofleadingdesignersinNewYork,London,ParisandMilan—forbothSummerandFall — havebeencopyingQuantdesigns.Sheisnotatallangryaboutitbutsaysshethinksitisgreat.(446words)PartⅡReadingComprehensionNewWords

responsible/rɪ'spɒnsɪb(ə)l/

adj.对……负有责任的creation/kriː'eɪʃ(ə)n/

n.创造；(服装的)创造性设计hit/hit/

n.

v.成功而风行一时的事物打；袭击skinny/'skɪnɪ/

adj.

紧身的；极瘦的，皮包骨的jumper/dʒʌmpə/n.(针织)女套衫，无袖套衫；跳跃者tight/taɪt/adj.

n.

紧的；紧身的；拮据的(pl.)紧身衣；(女)紧身下装launch/lɔːntʃ/v.开办；首创；发射wholesale/'həʊlseɪl/adj.n.批发的批发publicity/pʌb'lɪsɪti/n.公众的注意；名声cautious/'kɔːʃəs/adj.谨慎的，十分小心的PartⅡReadingComprehensionNewWords

appeal/ə'piːl/

v.有感染力，有吸引力；呼吁，恳求aboard/ə'bɔːd/adv.在(车、船、飞机)上royal/'rɒɪəl/adj.王国的，王室的；高贵的，庄严的yacht/jɒt/

n.快艇，游艇thigh-high

adj.长度及大腿的maxi-coat

n.

特长大衣knee-high

adj.长度及膝的raise/reɪz/

v.募集，筹集；提出；培养copy/'kɒpɪ/v.

n.

仿效，模仿复制品；一份

PartⅡReadingComprehensionPhrasesandExpressions

beresponsiblefor对……负责任beknownfor因……而闻名的speakforoneself为自己辩护；为……提供证据appealto吸引；呼吁，恳求alongwith和……一起beangryabout对……生气PartⅡReadingComprehensionProperNames

MaryQuant玛丽·昆特Goldsmith’sCollegeofArt金饰艺术学院King’sRoad国王大道AlexanderGreen亚历山大·格林QueenElizabeth伊丽莎白女王号Broadway百老汇TimesSquare时代广场O.B.E.不列颠帝国勋章OrlandoGreen奥兰多·格林LucasAlexander卢卡斯·亚历山大Milan米兰PartⅡReadingComprehensionExercisesⅠ.ReadingComprehensionDirections:Tellwhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalseaccordingtothetextyouhavelearned.WriteTifthestatementistrueandFifitisfalse.____1.Miniskirtswerefirstseeninthe60’s.____2.TwoyearsaftergraduationfromauniversityinLondon,MaryQuantbecameaworldfamousfashiondesigner.____3.MaryQuant’ssuccessasafashiondesignermadetraditionaldesignerschangetheirattitudestowardsfashionclothes.____4.HavingchangedthesocietyofBritain,MaryQuantreceivedtheO.B.E.____5.MaryQuantinventedminiskirtsandhotpants,tightfigure-revealingshortshorts,knee-highboots,bikinis,etc.TFTFFPartⅡReadingComprehensionⅡ.UsingtheWordsTask1Directions:Completeeachofthefollowingsentenceswiththecorrectformoftheitalicizedwordgiveninthebrackets.1.Theorganizationwillstarta(move)____________toprotecttheenvironmentnextmonth.2.(general)____________speaking,tablemannersvaryfromculturetoculture.3.Wewillsetupafactoryinthatcountry,whichisrichin(nature)____________resources.4.Myfirst(impress)____________ofEnglandwasthatitwasagreyandrainyplace.5.Theprojectisstillunder(discuss)____________,andpracticalsolutionsareexpectedtobefound.movementGenerallynaturalimpressiondiscussionPartⅡReadingComprehension6.Wewereimpressedbythe(suggest)____________youmadeatyesterday’smeeting.7.Ifyouwanttolearnsometermsrelatedtoyourfield,youwillfindthisbookmightbe(help)____________.8.Thatnewmodelofthemachineisnotlikelytogointo(produce)____________beforelate2020.9.Whitmanansweredhervery(direct)_________andopenly.10.Theyhavesongsformanyoccasionsandtheyuseddrumsandother(music)_________instruments.suggestionhelpfulproductiondirectlymusicalPartⅡReadingComprehensionTask2Directions:Usethewordsorphrasesintheboxtofillintheblanks.Changetheformwherenecessary.1.Weneedto_________moneyforanewsportsclub.2.Thenewshipwillbe_________intotherivernextweek.3.Hegaveupdrinkingandtheeffectonhishealthwas_________.4.Thisroomistwicethe__________ofthekitchen.5.Heisthecaptainoftheshipandis_____________thesafetyofeveryoneonboard.6.Thesedresseshavebeen__________fromanoriginaldesigner.7.WhenIsaytwohours,that__________timeforeating.8.IeventuallyrealizedIhadtochangemy__________towardmedicalpractice.9.Thelotushasalso__________scientistsforitsabilitytoresistwaterandstayclean.10.Computersecuritysystemswill__________byindependenttechnicians.responsiblefor copy include raise attitudelaunch immediate length designappealtoraiselaunchedimmediatelengthresponsibleforcopiedincludesattitudeappealedtobedesignedPartⅡReadingComprehensionⅢ.TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingEnglishsentencesintoChinese.1.Sheneveragainreachedthepopularityandvalueofsalesthatshedidinthe60’s.2.Themodelsintheirthigh-highdressesstoppedtrafficonBroadwayandinTimesSquareinNewYork.3.Shesoldinexpensive,brightlycoloredclotheswhichwereimmediatelyhitswithyounggirlsandboys.4.Shesoonhadbuiltupmillionpoundindustry,sellingtonearlyallthecountriesinthewesternworld.5.ShewenttoreceivethishonorfromtheQueendressedinaminiskirt.她再也达不到六十年代的名气和销售额了。那些穿着长度只到大腿的女装模特一时间造成了位于纽约的百老汇和时代广场的交通堵塞。她出售的主要是一些价格低廉但色彩鲜艳的服装，这些衣服立刻受到了小姑娘和小伙子们的喜爱。她很快就建起了资产达百万英镑的产业，把服装销售到几乎所有西方国家。她去接受由身穿迷你裙的女王颁发的荣誉。Part ⅢReadingSkills

确定词义英语单词的含义难以脱离上下文，换句话说，英语单词的含义往往由它所在的语境来决定。因此，在阅读英语文章的过程中，当遇到生词时，最有效的阅读方法是根据上下文及单词结构本身已含的线索，进行快速判断，而不是停下阅读查找词典，否则会降低阅读效率。确定英语单词含义的方法主要包括利用构词法，利用定义或解释语，利用上下文语境，利用前后词之间的逻辑关系等。Part ⅢReadingSkills1．利用构词法英语单词的构成方法主要是加前缀、后缀，及把两个或更多的词合成一个词。英语中利用前、后缀构成的词语很多，而且特定的前、后缀往往表示特定的含义。比如，在原有单词前加dis-，im-，in-，ir-，un-等前缀，可以使原有单词含义向相反方向改变。掌握单词的构成要素有利于扩大词汇量，同时有利于在进行英语阅读时顺利地理解带有前、后缀的英语单词。我们看下面这样一个句子：Hehadbeenoverworkingandfellillatlast.在上面这个句子中，overwork由前缀over-加动词构成，over有“超过，过于”之意，结合后文中的fellill，我们即可确定overwork的意思是“工作过多；劳累过度”。再看一例：Battery-operatedcalculatorsmayberunbyordinarybatteries,orbyspecial“long-life”batteries,orbyrechargeablebatteries.在上面这句话中，rechargeable应该是我们很少遇到过的一个词。该词的前缀是re-，后缀是-able。根据构词法，re-表示“再”，-able表示“可以”，结合词根charge及该词所处的语境，我们很容易就能解读这个词的含义：可再充电的。Part ⅢReadingSkills2．利用定义或解释语在英语阅读过程中，我们所遇到的个别生词后面有时会出现定语或解释语，这些定语或解释语对我们所不熟悉的单词具有限定或说明的作用。这时，我们就可以根据定语或解释语的内容来猜测生词的含义。例如：Origami,Japanesepaperfolding,isfun.上例中第一个单词是Origami，大多数英语学习者可能不认识它。在理解这个单词的时候，我们可以充分利用它后面的解释语“日本的折纸艺术”，从而基本明确Origami指什么内容。再举一例：Psychologyisthestudyofthemindandmentalactivities.Forexample,psychologistsareinterestedinwhysomethingsmakeyousad,butothersmakeyouhappy.Theywanttoknowwhysomepeopleareshy,butothersarequitetalkative.Theyalsowanttoknowwhypeopledothethingsthattheydo.假设这段文字中的第一个词Psychology是我们不熟悉的词，在实际的阅读过程中没有必要停下来查找词典，因为，该词后面的内容thestudyofthemindandmentalactivities (对思维和精神活动的研究) 就是解释。由此解释语可以推断，Psychology的含义是“心理学”。Part ⅢReadingSkills3．利用上下文语境利用上下文猜词指利用单词所在的句子猜测词义，或者，在必要的情况下，利用单词所在句子的前后句语义对单词词义进行界定。例1Somepeopleseemtohaveaknackforlearninglanguages.Theycanpickupnewvocabulary,masterrulesorgrammar,andlearntowriteinthenewlanguagemorequicklythanothers.上文中的knack是什么意思？由单词本身很难找出理解线索，因为它没有前缀也没有后缀。但是我们继续往下阅读，就会在它后面的句子里发现端倪：其后文中的canpickup…master…learn…morequicklythanothers正是对“knack”的解释。由此我们再回头看“knack”，就可以确定它的词义是“技巧”或“窍门”。例2Manyplantsandanimalsaregoingextinct.Mammoths,whicharerelated(有关联的)withAsiaelephants,arenowextinct.Therearenomammothsintheworldtoday.上句话中的“extinct”是什么意思？由它所在的句子我们很难确定它的含义，但是再往下阅读，由它的后文Therearenomammothsintheworldtoday我们即可以判定，它的意思是“灭绝”。Part ⅢReadingSkills4．利用转折或因果关系有时，借助于单词所处的句子结构也可以确定单词含义，尤其是那些表示语义转折或因果关系的结构。英语中构成转折结构的词主要包括but,ratherthan,while,although,onthecontrary,incontrast,ontheotherhand等。在英语阅读中，如果遇到与这类词并列出现的是你不认识的词或短语，可以由这些词构成的语义转折性，借助已认识的词从反面进行推断。例1Somepeopleliketowalkquicklyhomeafterwork，butIprefertostrollhomeandlookatthestorewindowsalongtheway.在上面这个例句中，but是转折词，它的存在表明前后文之间出现了语意反向。由but的前文内容“有些人下班后就急急忙忙回家”推断，but后面的内容应该与walkquickly相反，即walkslowly。于是可以确定，stroll的含义是“溜达”或“逛”。Part ⅢReadingSkills通过某些词构成的因果关系也可以猜测词义，这类词包括because，as，since，for，so，thus，asaresult，ofcourse，therefore等。一般情况下，构成原因的内容往往是对结果的解释，反之，某种结果之所以出现有其先决条件。因果之间有着相辅相成的关系。因此，明白了原因就可以推断结果；反过来，明白了结果也可以推测原因。例2Andersonisconsideredanautocraticadministratorbecausehemakesdecisionwithoutseekingtheopinionofothers.上面这句话里的原因状语从句说“他不征求别人的意见就做决定”，由此推断，autocratic的含义应该是“独断专行的”。Part ⅢReadingSkills5．利用同义词和反义词关系通过同义词猜词，一是看是否是由and或or连接的同义词词组，二是看在进一步解释中出现的同义词。例1ManhasknownsomethingabouttheplanetsVenus,Mars,andJupiterwiththehelpofspaceships.此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均为生词，但只要知道planets就会大致明白这几个词所指的内容。此外，通过反义词也可以猜词。能构成反义表达结构的词语主要有but，while，however和not。例2Intellectuallytheyknowtheyshould,butemotionallytheydon’twanttoanditcantakeafewyearstohelpthem.在上面的例句中，intellectuall