新编跨文化英语交际Unit4-01Language-and-Culture

Unit4-01LanguageandCultureWarmUp1.Thelimitsofmylanguagearethelimitsofmyworld.2.Thesumofhumanwisdomisnotcontainedinanyonelanguage,andnosinglelanguageiscapableofexpressingallformsanddegreesofhumancomprehension.3.Languagemostshowsaman.Speak,thatImayseethee.2023/9/292Unit4-011.Thelimitsofmylanguagearethelimitsofmyworld.Languageisthecommunicationofmeaningbetweenanythinginanyway.Soforthattobenarrowedorlimitedistoalsolimityourunderstandingoftheworldaroundyou.basicallykeepanopenmind.我语言的局限意味着我的世界/天地的局限.

语言的限制就是我世界里的限制

.2023/9/293Unit4-011.Thelimitsofmylanguagearethelimitsofmyworld.我语言的局限意味着我的世界/天地的局限.

语言的限制就是我世界里的限制

.2023/9/294Unit4-012.Thesumofhumanwisdomisnotcontainedinanyonelanguage,andnosinglelanguageiscapableofexpressingallformsanddegreesofhumancomprehension.EzraPound(1885-1972)任何一种语言都无法包含人类智慧的结晶的总和,任何单一的语言都无法表达人的认知的所有形式和程度.-----庞德,诗人(1885年至1972年)

2023/9/295Unit4-013.Languagemostshowsaman.Speak,thatImayseethee.语言最能显示一个人，说话吧，让我看看你的真面目.语言最能表现一个人。一开口说话，就可以看出来。

意思是一个人所讲的话可以反映出他的品格。这很好理解，像有的人说话尖刻不饶人，那他就是毒舌派，如果有的人讲话喋喋不休，那他就是长舌妇。。。总之，听别人说话，可以帮助你判断他可信可敬的程度。

2023/9/296Unit4-01WarmUp(P118.)1.[Inaphysicsclass]Professor:Whatismatter?Student:Never

mind.Professor:Thenwhatismind?Student:Itdoesn’tmatter.2023/9/297Unit4-01WarmUp2.A:

Iamsorry.Foreigner:

Iamsorry,too.A:Iamsorrythree.Foreigner:Whatareyousorryfor(four)?A:Iamsorryfive.2023/9/298Unit4-01WarmUp2.A.Whycouldn’tCinderellabeagoodsoccerplayer?B.Shelosthershoe,sheranawayfromtheball,andhercoachwasapumpkin.2023/9/299Unit4-01ReadingIHowIsLanguageRelatedtoCultureHowtoSay“Hello”inDifferentLanguages?HelloGutenTag,Bonjour,orOhioGozayimasuおはようございます

2023/9/2910Unit4-01HowtoSay“Hello”inDifferentLanguagesChinese:你好,您好(formal)Hello–EnglishGutenTag–GermanBonjour–FrenchHola–SpanishOhio–Japaneseおはよう

Gozayimasu-Japaneseおはようございます

2023/9/2911Unit4-01HowtoSay“Hello”inDifferentLanguagesJapanese:おはようございます

(ohayō

gozaimásu=goodmorning,polite),こんにちは

(kónnichi

wa=goodday),こんばんは

(kómban

wa=goodevening),おはよう

(ohayō=helloKorean:안녕하세요

(annyeonghaseyo,formal),안녕

(annyeong,informal)

Russian:привет(privét,informal),здравствуйте(zdrávstvujte,formal),добрый

день(dóbryjden’)2023/9/2912Unit4-01HowtoSay“Hello”inDifferentLanguages

English:goodbyeItalian:ciaobellaFrench:aurevoirSpanish:adiosRussian:Довиждане(dasvidania)German:aufwiedersenJapanese:さよなら

(Sayonara)Korean:안녕히계세요

(Annyeonghi

gyeseyo)2023/9/2913Unit4-01

Saying“thankyou”English:ThankYouGerman:Danke(schön)-(dahn-kuh(shurn)Spanish:GraciasJapanese:ありがとうございます

arigatogozaimasu[pronounced:A-rii-gah-to'goh-zae-mas](formal)Korean:감사합니다Gomapsupnida(formal)[pronounced:go-mahp-soop-nee-dah]Korean:고마워요/고맙습니다

KomapsumnidaRussian:Спасибо(soundslikespa-see-ba)2023/9/2914Unit4-01ReadingIHowIsLanguageRelatedtoCulture1.Whatcanwedotoavoidattributingaverydifferentmeaningtoaphraseorinterpretitliterally?2.Whataretheotherfunctionsofusingquestionformsapartfromaskingforinformation?3.WhyarethoseGermansgettingstifferandmorereservedallthetimewhenvisitingIngridZerbe?2023/9/2915Unit4-014.Whatistherelationshipbetweenenvironmentandlanguage?5.Doestheauthorthinkthereareexactequivalentsindictionariesthathavethesamemeaningsindifferentcultures?6.Howdoeslanguagechangeovertime?2023/9/2916Unit4-017.DoestheauthorthinkitpossibleforcountriessuchasFranceandIcelandtokeeptheirlanguagespurebyimplementinglanguagepolicies?8.Whatarethepossiblelanguagebarriersinclassroomteaching?2023/9/2917Unit4-01ReadingIHowIsLanguageRelatedtoCulture1.Whatcanwedotoavoidattributingaverydifferentmeaningtoaphraseorinterpretitliterally?Wehavetobeawareoftheculturalimplicationsofthephrase.2023/9/2918Unit4-01ReadingIHowIsLanguageRelatedtoCulture2.Whataretheotherfunctionsofusingquestionformsapartfromaskingforinformation?Itservesasalubricanttomovetheconversationforward.Suchaquestioncanbecalleda"socialquestion".2023/9/2919Unit4-01ReadingIHowIsLanguageRelatedtoCulture3.WhyarethoseGermansgettingStifferandmorereservedallthetimewhenvisitingIngridZerbe?Theyareconfusedabouthowtoaddressher,forsheintroducesherselfbyherfirstandlastnameratherthanbyherlastnameandprofessionaltitle.2023/9/2920Unit4-01ReadingIHowIsLanguageRelatedtoCulture4.Whatistherelationshipbetweenenvironmentandlanguage?Languagereflectstheenvironmentinwhichwelive.Weuselanguagetolabelthethingsthatarearoundus.2023/9/2921Unit4-01ReadingIHowIsLanguageRelatedtoCulture5.Doestheauthorthinkthereareexactequivalentsindictionariesthathavethesamemeaningsindifferentcultures?No.Accordingtotheauthor,therearenosuchequivalentsbetweenlanguages;therefore,tocommunicateconceptseffectively,culturalknowledgeisasimportantaslinguisticknowledge.2023/9/2922Unit4-01ReadingIHowIsLanguageRelatedtoCulture6.Howdoeslanguagechangeovertime?Wordsandphrasesthatareusedcommonlyatonetimemaybediscontinuedortheirmeaningmaychangeovertime.2023/9/2923Unit4-01ReadingIHowIsLanguageRelatedtoCulture7.DoestheauthorthinkitpossibleforcountriessuchasFranceandIcelandtokeeptheirlanguagespurebyimplementinglanguagepolicies?Theauthordoesnotthinkso,because,forinstance,theAcademieFrancaisemayinsistoncertainrules,butotherFrench-speakinggroupsmaymaketheirownrulesandconsidertheirFrenchjustascorrect.2023/9/2924Unit4-01ReadingIHowIsLanguageRelatedtoCulture8.Whatarethepossiblelanguagebarriersinclassroomteaching?Insomecasestheprofessorsmayhaveapoorcommandofthelanguage;however,inmostcasestheproblemisnotthelanguagebutdifferentintonationpatternsanddifferentculturalsignals.2023/9/2925Unit4-01

Fill-inTaskTrytousetheappropriatecolortermgivenbelowtofillineachoftheblanksinthefollowingsentences.ManyofthesetermsmaybeusedmorethanOnce.

blackbluebrowngreenredwhiteyellow2023/9/2926Unit4-01Fill-inTask1)He'sjusta________recruitfreshfromcollege.2)Itriedtocallhermanytimesbutshewasina_______studyanddidn'thearme.3)Oneday,outofthe_______,agirlrangupandsaidshewasmysister.4)Thenewofficeblockhasunfortunatelybecomeanexpensive_______elephant.5)Marywasalwaysregardedasthe_______sheepofthefamily.greenbrownbluewhiteblack2023/9/2927Unit4-01Fill-inTask6)You'dbetterdosomethingtoproveyou'renot_______.7)Canyouseethe_______inhereyes?8)Themerethoughtofherhusbandwiththesecretarymadehersee______.9)Igotsome_________looksfromtheshopkeeperwhenIcancelledmyorder,10)WhenI'mfeeling______,allIhavetodoistakealookatyou,andthenI'mnotso______.redgreenredblackblueblack2023/9/2928Unit4-01Fill-inTask11)Don'ttellmeany______lietomakemefeelgood.12)Itmaycostoveraweektogothroughallthe________tapetogetthepermission.13)Histypeofhumorisabittoo________formytastes.14)Areyouallright?--Youlookabsolutely_______.15)Hebasedhisjudgmentonheadlinesand________journalism.whiteredblackblueyellow2023/9/2929Unit4-01

GroupWorkFirstreadthefollowingAgroupofAmericanstudentswereaskedtowritedowntheirperceptionsofdifferentcolors.Followingarethemeaningstheyattachedtothecolors:Black--death,evil,mourning,sexyBlue--cold,masculine,sad,sky2023/9/2930Unit4-01Fill-inTaskGreen--envy,greed,moneyPink--feminine,shy,softness,sweetRed--anger,hot,love,sexWhite--good,innocent,peaceful,pureYellow--caution,happy,sunshine,warm2023/9/2931Unit4-01Studentsfromdifferentculturalbackgroundswouldassignatotallydifferentsetofmeaningstoeachcolor.Forinstance,totheJapaneseandKoreansredrepresentsacoloroflongevity,splendor,andwealth;greenisaholycolortoMoslems;andyellowisanoblecolorforIndians.2023/9/2932Unit4-01ThecolorblackisverymuchwelcomeintheCaribbean(加勒比海(地区))andAfrica,and,inmanyAfricantongues,thewordblackhasconnotationsofstrength,certainty,integrity(健全，正直),whilewhiteisassociatedwithpaleness,anemia(乏力，无生气),unnaturalness,deviousness(偏离正道，不光明正大),untrustworthiness.WhiteisaweddingcolorintheUnitedStates,butafuneralcolorinIndia;bycontrast,redisaweddingcolorinpartsofIndia,butsuggestssexualimpurity(i.e.a"scarlet(猩红色的，淫荡的)woman")inaU.S.wedding.2023/9/2933Unit4-01Forexample,inChinesewehavemanykinshipterms,someofwhichseemtohavenoequivalentsinEnglish.ConsiderthefollowingChineseterms:叔叔伯伯舅舅姨夫姑父阿姨姑姑舅母姨妈婶婶小姨子小叔子小舅子大嫂妹夫婆婆公公岳母岳父表兄(弟)堂兄(弟)表姐(妹)堂姐(妹)连襟妯娌

2023/9/2934Unit4-01Considertheword"dog"inEnglishand狗inChinese.

ThefollowingaremoreexamplesinEnglishandChineseforyoutodiscuss:1.watchdog2.Loveme,lovemydog.3.Everydoghashisday4.Beasfaithfulasadog5.Giveadogabadnameandhanghim.6.Iamtoooldadogtolearnnewtricks.2023/9/2935Unit4-017.Becarefulofwhatyousaytohimbecausehe'stopdogintheoffice.8.Anoldmancametothedoorandaskedformoneyforacupofteayesterday.Myaunt,alwayshappytohelpalamedogoverastile,invitedhiminforameal.2023/9/2936Unit4-01Considertheword"dog"inEnglishand狗inChinese.狗胆包天狗急跳墙狼心狗肺狗仗人势狗皮膏药狗头军师狗血喷头狗尾续貂狗咬狗狗腿子放狗屁狗崽子痛打落水狗狗拿耗子，多管闲事狗嘴里吐不出象牙2023/9/2937Unit4-01Questions:1.WhatarethemajordifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishincategorizingkinfolk?2.Whatotherexamplesofconnotativedifferencescanyougivebetweenthetwolanguages?2023/9/2938Unit4-01ReadingII1.Whatistheauthor'sviewoftherelationshipbetweenlanguageandculture?2.Inwhichwaysdoeslanguagereflecttheculture?3.Howcanweusetherightlanguageintherightwayaccordingtotheauthor?.4.Isthereanyculturalproductthatconsistsentirelyoflanguage?Canyougiveanexample?2023/9/2939Unit4-01ReadingII5.Whatisthemeaningof"languageisaculturalproductinandofitself"?6.Canyougiveanexampleofhowwordsleadtoculturalperspectives?7.WhatdidtheChineseteacherfindfromherin-depthstudyof"thebumpersticker"?8.Arethereanyparticularnormsmadebydifferentcommunitiesfortheirlanguageuse?2023/9/2940Unit4-01Language-and-Culture,TwoSidesoftheSameCoin

1.Whatistheauthor'sviewoftherelationshipbetweenlanguageandculture?Languageandculturearefused;onereflectstheother.

2023/9/2941Unit4-01Language-and-Culture,TwoSidesoftheSameCoin2.Inwhichwaysdoeslanguagereflectculture?Languageembodiestheproducts,perspectives,communities,andpersonsofaculture.Membersoftheculturehavecreatedthelanguagetocarryoutalltheirculturalpractices,toidentifyandorganizealltheirculturalproducts,andtonametheunderlyingculturalperspectivesinthevariouscommunitiesthatcomprisetheirculture.2023/9/2942Unit4-01Language-and-Culture,TwoSidesoftheSameCoin3.Howcanweusetherightlanguageintherightwayaccordingtotheauthor?Itisbasedondirectexperienceinthecultureandinteractionswithmembersoftheculture,inallthecomplexitythisentails.2023/9/2943Unit4-01Language-and-Culture,TwoSidesoftheSameCoin4.Isthereanyculturalproductthatconsistsentirelyoflanguage?Canyougiveanexample?Many'culturalproducts,suchasliterature,taxcodes,telephonedirectories,operatinginstructions,passports,consistentirelyoflanguage.Anotherexampleisfolklores.2023/9/2944Unit4-01Language-and-Culture,TwoSidesoftheSameCoin5.Whatisthemeaningof,'languageisaculturalproductinandofitself"?Whenspokenorwritten,languagetakesontangibleandperceptibleforms.Thesetangibleforms,aswithanyculturalproduct,canbedescribedthroughlanguage.Weconstantlyuselanguagetodiscusslanguageitself.2023/9/2945Unit4-01Language-and-Culture,TwoSidesoftheSameCoin6.Canyougiveanexampleofhowwordsleadtoculturalperspectives?Forexample,thekinshiptermsusedinChineseleadtoaculturalperspectivethatisdifferentfromthatoftheEnglish-speakingpeople.2023/9/2946Unit4-01Language-and-Culture,TwoSidesoftheSameCoin7.WhatdidtheChineseteacherfindfromherin-depthstudyof"thebumpersticker"?Theperspectivesareindeedembodiedinwords,phrases,andsentences,buttheyarenotalwaysimmediatelyobvious,especiallytooutsiders.2023/9/2947Unit4-01Language-and-Culture,TwoSidesoftheSameCoin8.Arethereanyparticularnormsmadebydifferentcommunitiesfortheirlanguageuse?Yes,thereare.Communitiesdefinenormsforappropriateuseoflanguage.Withingroups,roles,relationships,andothersocialfactorsinfluencewhospeaks,whattheysay,andhowtheysayit.Thelanguageformsweuseinonesetofsocialcircumstanceswithcertaincommunitiesarenotnecessarilytheonesweuseinothers.2023/9/2948Unit4-01HowtoSayYesandNoTranslatethefollowing:1)Doyoulikethenewschool?--Yes,Ido2)–Pleasedon’tsaythat--Yes,Iwill3)—Iknowwhathewants--Yes?--Money!2023/9/2949Unit4-014)–Waiter!--Yes,sir5)—Yes?--I’dliketwotickets,please6)–Everythingwillbeallrightsoon,yes?2DifferentwaystosayYes2023/9/2950Unit4-01Howtorefuseothers?1)Beingsilentorshowingalackofenthusiasm2)Offeringanalternative3)Postponement(delayinganswers)4)Puttingtheresponsibilityonathirdpartyorsomethingoverwhichyouhavenocontrol2023/9/2951Unit4-015)Avoidance6)Generalacceptanceofanofferbutgivingnodetails7)Divertinganddistracting2JapanesewaytosayNo2023/9/2952Unit4-01

我们说语言总是模糊的，指的是我们永远无法控制我们所说所写的东西所表达的意思。我们通过说话和写作所传达的意思不仅仅由词语和句子本身决定，听众和读者的理解也起到了一定的作用。换言之，是交际双方共同创造了语言所表达的意思。语言的模糊性是与生俱来的。为了沟通，我们必须自己推断出对方的意思，除此之外别无他法。在理解别人说话时，我们必须推测这些话的意思。这些推测主要基于以下两个来源：(1)他们所使用的语言；(2)我们的世界知识。这种知识包括能够预知在某种特定语境下人们通常会说些什么。语言是模糊的。这意味着无论是读或写，我们永远无法完全地领会他人的意思。换言之，语言永远无法完全地表达我们的意思。然而，这对跨文化交际意味着什么呢?

首先必须明白，如果交际参与者拥有更多共同的预期和世界知识，交际便会有比较好的效果。相似的历史、背景和经历使得人们之间的交际较为容易，因为任何一方对另一方意思的推测都基于共同的经验和知识。在推测话意方面，来自同一个村子、同一个家庭的两个人要比来自地球不同半球不同城市的两个人少犯错误。2023/9/2953Unit4-01Case13Thisexamplevividlyillustratesthatfailuresininterculturaltranslationmayleadtoseriousconsequence,orevendisasterstohumanbeings.Definitely,translationisnotsuchasimpleprocessasrenderingaword,asentenceoratextliterally,butratherafarmorecomplexonethanmostpeopleassume.Forexample,onceaChinesecosmeticmanufacturerwantedtopromotetheirproductsintotheinternationalmarket.Thesloganoftheadvertisementwas:"sweetasJade",asinChinese"jade"wasalwaysusedtocomplimentawoman'sbeauty;butunfortunately,itwasnotanappropriatewordtodescribethebeautyoraladyinWesterncultures.InEnglish,"jade"whenreferringtoawomanhastheconnotationsofbeingvulgar,rude,orimmoral.Undoubtedly,thesaleswerenotsatisfying.Theseemingequivalentsbetweenlanguagesmayhaveverydifferentconnotationsindifferentcultures,thusthetranslatorshouldbecautiousintheprocessoftranslationsoastoavoidmisunderstandings.2023/9/2954Unit4-01Case14"杨"referstoYangKaihuiwhowasMaoZedong'sdeceasedwife,and"柳"referstoLiuZhixunwhowasLiShuyi'sdeceasedhusband.Theycanbetranslatedindifferentways,butitseemstobeverydifficult,ifnotimpossible,toachieveequivalenceintranslatingfromChineseintoEnglish.Adoptingtheliteraltranslationstrategy,version1appearstobefaithfultotheoriginalbutma