英语基本语法-1课件

英语的基本句型结构英语的基本1句子成分表示法及其缩写

Ssubject（主语）

Vverb（谓语）Oobject（宾语）Ppredicarive（表语）IOIndirectObject（间接宾语）DODirectObject（直接宾语）OCObjectComplement(宾语补足语）句子成分表示法及其缩写Ssubject2五大基本句型1.S+V+P主语+系动词+表语2.S+V主语+谓语（+状语）3.S+V+O主语+谓语+宾语4.S+V+IO+DO主语+谓语+间宾+直宾5.S+V+O+OC主语+谓语+宾语+宾补五大基本句型1.S+V+P主语+系动3句子基本成分定义:组成句子的各个部分：即主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。(说明:主语和谓语是句子的主体部分，也是构成句子的必须部分，其它为可能有的部分一、主语主语是一个句子的主题，也是句子的主体，表示句子主要说明的人或事物。它的位置一般在句首。一般由名词、代词、动词不定式(todo)、动名词(doing)、或当于名词或代词的词、短语或句子等充当。Littlestreamsfeedbigrivers.(名词)WestudyinNo.1MiddleSchool.(代词)Tofindyourwaycanbeaproblem.(动词不定式)Smokingisbadforyou.(动名词)Wheneveryouarereadywillbefine.(从句)句子基本成分定义:组成句子的各个部分：即主语、谓语、表语、宾4练习选出句中主语1Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.2.Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.3.Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.4.Nobodygetstolivebackward.（谁也不能回到过去）5.Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.6.Knowledgeispower.作业：写出五个句子并标示出句子的主语。练习选出句中主语5二、谓语谓语是说明主语的动作或状态。一般放在主语之后。谓语一般是由动词或连系动词+表语担当。谓语必须和主语在“人称”和“数”上保持一致。(主谓一致)。注意：在英语中按动词后能否直接跟宾语，分为及物动词和不及物动词。及物动词用Vt表示，不及物动词用Vi表示。及物动词后直接跟宾语。不及物动词后不跟宾语或是加介词再跟宾语。谓语正确形式，1.情态动词+动词原形。2.Be+现在分词，过去分词3.has,have,had+过去分词4.do,doesdid(not)+动词原形weloveourcountry。Iwanttwoapples.whathappenedyesterday.Listentomecarefully,please.Theboystoodonthedesk.Thebirdcanfly.二、谓语6练习选出句子谓语1.Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.2.Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?3WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.4Heisinterestedinmusic.5Whomdidyougivemybookto?6Wehadbettersendforadocter.7IwasborninSeptember,2002.8Myfriendoftenstaysuplate.9Ienjoyhelpingothers.10Hebecameadoctorafterhegraduatedfromhighschool.作业：写出五个句子并标示出谓语练习7三、宾语宾语表示动作、行为的对象。及物动(vt)词可直接带宾语，有些不及物动词(vi)加上介词或副词也可带宾语。由名词、代词或相当于名词的词、短语或句子担当。Heoftenhelpsme.(代词)Remembertobuysomestamps.(动词不定式)宾语的种类:1.一般是指及物动词的宾语，但也可以是介词的宾语。Wewillrememberyourkindness.(及物动词的宾语)Areyoufororagainstthisidea?(介词的宾语)2．双宾语(1)有些及物动词可带双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语。一般直接宾语指事物，而间接宾语指人，在句中二者同时应用。(2)通常间接宾语放在直接宾语之前，有时亦可放在直接宾语之后，这时间接宾语前一般要加介词to或for。(3)常用于带双宾语的动词有：answer,bring,buy,give,keep,lend,make,pay,sell,send,show,take,tell,write等三、宾语8

Igavehim

myaddress.--Igavemyaddresstohim.Ihavefoundhim

aplace.---Ihavefoundaplaceforhim.3.复合宾语：“宾语+宾语补足语”构成复合宾语。NooneeversawJim

angry.Wecallhim

XiaoWang.4.形式宾语it与真宾语。在复合宾语中，如作宾语的是非w谓语动词短语或从句，这时常把宾语放在宾语补足语后，用it代替它的原位置，这it叫形式宾语，而放在宾语补足语后的宾语叫真宾语。Ithinkitimportanttostudyhard.宾语的位置:1.一般位于及物动词之后。

Ilikeyou.2.介词宾语位于介词之后。

Heisfondofmusic.3.双宾语的位置：(1)一般是“间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物)”或者“直接宾语＋介词(to或for)+间接宾语”。Igavehimmyaddress.9(2)接双宾语用介词to的常见动词：bring,give,lend,offer,pass,pay,sell,send,show,take,write等。Wouldyoumindlendingmeabook?I---Wouldyoumindlendingabooktome?(3)接双宾语用介词for的常见动词：buy,fetch,find,get,keep,make,order等。Mymotherboughtmeanewcoatyesterday.---Mymotherboughtanewcoatformeyesterday.(4)双宾语中一个是名词，一个是代词，一般是代词在前名词在后；如都是代词，通常是直接宾语在前，间接宾语在后。I'llgivethemtomysister.

I'llgiveittoher.4.形式宾语与真宾语的位置：...it+宾语补足语+真宾语。Wethinkitwrongthatyoutoldalie.5.动词＋副词的宾语位：(1)如宾语是名词，放在副词前后均可。(2)如宾语是代词，只能放在副词之前。Turnthelightson.Turnonthelights.Turnthemon.英语基本语法-1课件10练习选出句中的宾语1.Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.2.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.3.Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.4.Howmanyneawordsdidyoulearnlastclass?5.Theolamansitttingatthegatesaidhewasill.6.Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.7.Theydidn'tknowwho"FatherChristmas"reallyis.作业：写出五个句子并标示出宾语。练习11四、表语表语是表述主语的特征、状态或身份等。表语位于连系动词之后，二者构成系表结构，即合成谓语.表语由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词、短语或句子等充当。Herbrotherisadriver.(名词)Areyouready?(形容词)Wewereathomelastnight.(介词短语)Thisbookismine,notyours.(代词)Fourandfouriseight.(数词)Thefilmisexciting.(现在分词)Thecupisbroken.(过去分词)Ourtaskisstudying.(动名词)Iseemtohavecaughtacold.(动词不定式).Theproblemishowwecanfinishthework.(从句)(表语从句)四、表语12练习选出句中的表语1.Theoldmanisfeelingverytired.2.Theleavesturnedyellow.3.Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.4.Timeismoney.5.Thefirststepisthehardest.6.Tomorrowisanotherday.作业：写出五个句子并标示出表语练习13复习五大基本句型1.S+V+P主语+系动词+表语2.S+V主语+谓语（+状语）3.S+V+O主语+谓语+宾语4.S+V+IO+DO主语+谓语+间宾+直宾5.S+V+O+OC主语+谓语+宾语+宾补复习五大基本句型1.S+V+P主语+系141.S（主）+Vi（不及物动词）（谓）+状语Time

flies.(主语+谓语）Birds

sing

beautifully.（主语+谓语+状语）They

arrived

yesterday.He

sleptinclass

lastweek.They

hadtotravel

byboat.He

runs

inthepark.Let'sstop

tohavearest.1.S（主）+Vi（不及物动词）（谓）+状语Timef15s+v各种时态Tomalwaysstudieshard.Thecarstops.Hecame.Wearetalking.Hewascrying.WehavestudiedinNO.1middleschoolfor3years.s+v各种时态Tomalwaysstudiesha16作业：翻译下面句子1他站在那里冲着我微笑。（stand）2.月亮升起了。(rise)3.我们勤奋学习。(study)4.五年前我住在北京。(live)5.会议将持续3个小时。(last)6.飞机很快要起飞了。（takeoff)7.我听说他已经回来了？8.他跑的很快。(soasto)9.他起床很早以便赶上早班车。（getup,so....that)10.他们日夜不停的工作。(work,dayandnight.)作业：翻译下面句子171.hestoodtheresmilingatme.2.Themoobhasrisen.3.westudyhard.4.Ilivedinbeijing5yearsago.5.Themeetingwilllast3hours.6.Theplanewilltakeoffsoon.7.Ihearthathehascomeback.8.Herunsfast.9.Hegotupearlysoastocatchthefirstbussoearlythathecaughtthefirstbus.10.Theyworkeddayandnight1.hestoodtheresmilingatme182.S(主）+Vt（不及物动词)（谓）+O（宾）

S（主）+Vi（不及物动词）+介词+O（宾）

I

like

music.（主语+谓语+宾语）She

wanttohelp

him.I

don'tknow

whattodo.（主语+谓语+宾语）Lily

enjoys

living

here.I'llcallon

myteacher

nextday.（主+谓+宾+状）Pleaseturnoff

thelight.l

heardfrom

her

lastweek.we

arelookingforwardto

yourcoming.He

isfamousfor

hispopmusic.（主+谓+宾）2.S(主）+Vt（不及物动词)（谓）+O（宾）

19作业：翻译下面句子

1她决定放弃它。(decide)2.他几乎不知道怎么写作文(know,composition.)3我进去时，Lily正在浇花。（water)4.她教英语生动且有趣。5.他进入房间去找他的铅笔盒。(enter)6.我们以你快速的进步为骄傲。（takepridein)7.你愿意参见这个聚会吗?(takepartin)8.我不在乎他们说什么。(care)9.熟能生巧10.条条大路通罗马。作业：翻译下面句子

1她决定放弃它。(decide)201.Shedecidedtogiveitup.2.Hehardlyknewhowtowriteacomposition.3.Lilywaswateringtheflowers,whenIcamein.4.SheteachesEnglishlivelyandinterestingly.5.Heernteredtheroomtolookforhispencilbox6.wetakeprideinyourrapidprogress7.wouldyouliketotakepartintheparty.8.Idon'tcarewhattheysaid.9.Practicemakesperfect.10.AllroadsleadtoRome.1.Shedecidedtogiveitup.213.S(主)+V(谓)(lv)(系动词）+P（表）主系表结构是基本句型之一，句型的中心动词称为系动词，最为典型的系动词是Be动词。系动词不能独立作谓语。后面必须加上表语，只有这样，句子才完整。要理解主系表，关键在于识别系动词。系动词：亦称连系动词（LinkVerb）。作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。（常见的系动词，be,remain,stay,lie,stand,keep,seem,apear,look,feel,sound,taste,become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run)表语用来修饰主语，说明主语的身份，性质，特征或状态，谓语系动词之后，通常由名词，形容词充当。此外，代词，副词，数词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，分词，从句也能充当表语。3.S(主)+V(谓)(lv)(系动词）+P（表）22We

are

Chinese.

(主语+系动词+表语）He

is

aboy.She

is

beautiful.He

is

in