辨别that引导的从句类型

辨别that引导的从句类型怎样区分that引导的定语从句、同位语从句、主语从句和强调结构呢？可采用“成分法”“试加法”“试减法”“还原法”。现分述如下：（1）定语从句可用“成分法”即分析that引导的从句的句子成分，如果 that在从句中充当主语或宾语，则此从句为定语从句。Thematterthatyouwerearguingaboutlastnighthasbeensettled.你们昨天晚上讨论的那个问题已经解决了。Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.飞机就是可以飞的机器。（2）同位语从句可用“试加法”，即在名词和从句之间加系动词 be,使该名词和从句构成一个新的句子。如果句子通顺、合乎逻辑，那么从句就是同位语从句。Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.我们听说了我们队取胜的消息。Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.他什么也没有说，这使每个人都吃了一惊。根据“试加法”，句③可改写为：Thenewswasthatourteamhadwon.句④可改写为：Thefactwasthathehadnotsaidanything.改写后的句子③、④通顺，合乎逻辑，故 that引导的从句为同位语从句。（3）用it作形式主语的主语从句可用“ 还原法”，即把that引导的从句调到句首，去掉句首的it，再加句子剩余部分。如新句子意思不变，合乎逻辑，则该从句为主语从句，否则为其它从句。It'arulethathegetsupatsixo'clockeverymorning.他每天早上六点起床，这是一个规律。It'clearthathehasfinishedhishomework. 很明显，他已经完成了作业。按“还原法”，句⑤可构成新的句子： Thathegetsupatsixo'lockeverymorningisarule.句⑥可构成新的句子： Thathehasfinishedhishomeworkisclear.句子⑤、⑥改写后意思通顺、合乎逻辑，故that从句为主语从句。（4） 强调结构采用“试减法”，即把句子中的“Itbe…that…”这一框架去掉，如果句子剩余部分（可以做位置上的调整）意思通顺，合乎逻辑，则 that是强调结构的标志。Itwasfiveyearsagothathejoinedtheparty. 他就是五年前参军的。Itisyouthatarewrong. 错的就是你。根据“试减法”句⑦可改成新句子： Hejoinedthepartyfiveyearsago.句⑧改为：Youarewrong改写后的句子通顺，合乎逻辑，故句⑦、⑧为强调句型。Exercises:Thenews toShanghaidelightedallofthem.A.theywouldgo B.whichtheywouldgoC.thattheywouldgo D.wouldgoIhavereadallthebooks yougaveme.A.one B.that C.what D.it isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.There B.This C.That D.ItWasitduringtheSecondWorldWar hedied?A.That B.whileC.inwhich D.whenIsitpossible hemisunderstood Isaid?

A.that,that B.what,what C.what,that D.that,whatThefacthasworriedmanyscientists theearthisbecomingwarmerandwarmertheseyears.A.What B.which C.that D.thoughItisobvioustothestudents theyshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfuture.A.As B.which C.whether D.thatItwaswithgreatcourage theboytoldthetruth hehadstolenthemoney.A.which,that B.when,what C.as,that D.that,thatThereisasayingwhichwherethereis_awill,thereisaway.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zA BCDMyhometownisnoIongertheonewhatitusedtobe.A BCDThefacthewasseriouslyillmadethemworried.A BCDIt'swellknownwhichChinaisadevelopingcountry.A BC DItwasyesterdaywhenIsawTominthestreet.A BCD巩固练习：1.Weallknowthetruththemoonmovesaroundtheearth.A.ThatB.if2.A.C.whatthatIsawlastnightattheconcert?1.Weallknowthetruththemoonmovesaroundtheearth.A.ThatB.if2.A.C.whatthatIsawlastnightattheconcert?ityou B.notyou C.youD.whereWasD.thatyourself33.English.Weshouldconsiderthestudents'request theschoollibraryprovidemorebooksonA.That B.when C.which D.whereItistheabilitytodothejob mattersnotwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zA.One B.that C.what D.itItwassimplyforthatreason Iwouldn'tellhimthetruth.A.Why B.that C.which D.soIt'mewhoamthewinner.ABCDJiwasattheschoolwhichwasnamedafteraherowherehespenthischildhood.A B CDwassaidthatthatwasallwhathesaid.A BC DItistheplacethatwehadacampafewdaysago.A BC