老高考适用2023高考英语一轮总复习第一编教材回眸Unit21HumanBiology北师大版

Unit21HumanBiology晨起第一事背诵经典句1．Usingaformulabasedonthebody'snaturalrhythms,theSleepCalculatorwillworkoutthebesttimeforyoutoriseorgotosleep.睡眠计算器根据人体生物钟，运用公式计算出你起床或入睡的最佳时间。2．Apartfromourbrainhavingmemory,cellsinourbody,inbillions,havetheirownmemory.除了我们的大脑有记忆外，我们身体中数十亿个细胞也有记忆。3．IdohopesobecauseIwantyoutoliveaslongandhealthyalifeasIhave.我的确希望这样，因为我想让你过上和我一样长寿而健康的生活。4．Thesoftwarecanbothenhancetraditionalmedicalcareandsupportpatientswhenaccesstohealthcareislimited.这种软件可以加强传统医疗，也可以在医疗服务受限的情况下给予患者支持。Ⅰeq\a\vs4\al(核心单词)(1)abuse(vt.)滥用(2)tolerate(vt.)容忍→tolerance(n.)忍受，容忍→tolerant(adj.)容忍的，宽容的(3)doubtful(adj.)怀疑的，不肯定的→doubt(n.)怀疑(v.)怀疑，不确信(4)seek(vt.)寻找→sought(过去式)→sought(过去分词)→seeker(n.)寻找者；探求者(5)oppose(vt.)反对→opposed(adj.)反对的，相反的→opposition(n.)反方，对立面→opposite(adj.)相反的；对面的(6)violate(vt.)违反，违背→violation(n.)违反→violent(adj.)猛烈的→violence(n.)暴力(7)cater(vt.)满足；迎合(8)postpone(vt.)推迟；延期(9)prohibit(vt.)禁止→prohibition(n.)禁止(10)foresee(vt.)预见(11)underline(vt.)表明重要性；强调(12)thorough(adj.)彻底的；细致的(13)rob(vt.)使丧失；抢劫→robber(n.)强盗，抢劫者→robbery(n.)抢劫(14)terminal(adj.)致命的；晚期的(15)decline(vi.)下降(16)unconditionally(adv.)无条件地→conditionally(adv.)(反义词)有条件地(17)equip(vt.)使有准备；装备→equipment(n.)设备；装备(18)fortune(n.)大笔钱财；巨款→fortunate(adj.)幸运的→fortunately(adv.)幸运地(19)deadline(n.)截止日期；最后日期(20)submit(vt.)提交→submission(n.)提交(21)concern(n.)担心；忧虑→concerned(adj.)关心的→concerning(prep.)关于；有关(22)extension(n.)延期，延长，延伸Ⅱeq\a\vs4\al(阅读单词)(1)circulate(vi.&vt.)循环；传播；散布→circle(n.)圆，环→circular(adj.)圆形的，循环的→circulation(n.)流通；血液循环(2)digest(vt.&vi.)消化；理解，领悟(n.)摘要，文摘(3)swap(v.)交换(4)supreme(adj.)最高的，极度的(5)fundamental(adj.)根本的，基本的→fundament(n.)基础(6)lame(adj.)站不住脚的，不易令人相信的(7)compulsory(adj.)强制性的，义务的(8)threat(n.)威胁→threaten(vt.)威胁(9)privileged(adj.)荣幸的(10)ample(adj.)充足的；充裕的(11)treat(vt.)款待(12)acute(adj.)严重的；剧烈的(13)mourn(v.)感到悲痛；表示哀悼(14)contradict(vt.)与(其他事物)相矛盾→contradictory(adj.)矛盾的，对立的(15)tentatively(adv.)不完全地(16)temporary(adj.)临时的；短暂的(17)vote(vt.)表决；投票(18)sceptical(adj.)怀疑的(19)circumstance(n.)情形；情况(20)absurd(adj.)不合理的；荒谬的[单句语法填空]1.Bobcheckedtheequipment(thorough),onlytofindthepowerwasnotset.答案：thoroughly2．Inordertoreduceairpollution,manypeoplewantatotal(prohibit)onlightingfirecrackers(鞭炮)inmanycitiesduringtheSpringFestival.答案：prohibition3．StudentsarenotrequiredtotaketheTOEFLortheIELTStestbutwewelcomethe(submit)ofyourscoreifyouhavetakeneither.答案：submission4.Thespeechhemade(concern)thefootballmatchboredalotoffanstodeath.答案：concerning5．Theresearchlacksevidence,andtherefore,itsconclusionsare(doubt)．答案：doubtful6．Iam(privilege)toknowyou.答案：privileged7．Heisa(controversy)figureintheartworld.答案：controversial8．Theyare(oppose)tobuildingthehighway.答案：opposed9．Hismindstillseemedclearandhis(hear)wasexcellent.答案：hearing10．Thevolunteerskepttheirhandsinhotwateruntiltheycouldnolonger(tolerant)thepain.答案：tolerate后缀­sion构成的名词一览①extension延期②confusion混乱③decision决定④impression印象⑤admission允许进入，录取⑥aggression进攻⑦expansion扩张⑧obsession入迷⑨profession职业⑩mission使命，任务⑪discussion讨论⑫possession拥有1．invain徒劳，白费力气2．atrandom随便地，随意地3．atallcosts不惜一切代价，无论如何4．straightaway立刻；马上5．wipeout彻底毁灭6．stopsthinitstracks终止；消灭7．atanyrate无论如何；至少8．putoff推迟，延迟9．getthrough通过(考试等)；完成10．missout遗漏，遗忘；错过(机会)[单句写作]1.FloydLandismadeseverallameexcusesblamingmedicinehehadbeentakingforaninjury,butthesewereall(徒劳地)．答案：invain2．Iamappointedtointerviewpeople(随意地)tolearnaboutthecustomers'feedbackonourproducts.答案：atrandom3．It'sobviouslynoturgent,orelsetheywouldhavecalledus(立刻).答案：straightaway4．Therearestillmanypeoplesufferingalot,andwearetodosomethingto(消灭)poverty.答案：wipeout5．Unluckily,theman(被抢走)hiscarandcellphone.答案：wasrobbedof6．Hewillkeephispromise(无论如何)．答案：atanyrate7．Atthesametime,Iwillnotforgetto(复习)mylessons.答案：goover8．Ifyoudon'tcallthemanrightaway,you'regoingto(错过)theopportunity.答案：missouton9．Theunderseacablewasbroken;Icouldn't(接通)toParis.答案：getthrough10．Thenoisemadeithardformeto(集中)mywork.答案：focus/concentrateon1．表达“决不”的短语①in/undernocircumstances②bynomeans③onnoaccount④innoway⑤innocase⑥innosense⑦innoshape⑧onnocondition⑨onnoconsideration⑩atnotime2．“in”短语请进①invain徒然；枉费心机；徒劳；白费力气②inplace在合适的地方③insight在视野内；被看到④ineffect有效地⑤inadvance提前⑥inruins成为废墟⑦inbrief简言之⑧indespair失望⑨inrags衣衫褴褛⑩incharge负责，主管3．“动词＋out”的短语一览①wipeout彻底摧毁；消灭②breakout爆发③bringout使显现；生产④carryout贯彻；执行⑤comeout出版⑥dieout灭绝⑦figureout计算出；解决；理解；明白⑧leaveout遗漏；省略⑨makeout听出，看出⑩takeout取出⑪pickout挑出⑫pointout指出⑬pourout倾诉⑭pullout驶出⑮putout扑灭⑯puzzleout仔细考虑解决(难题等)⑰reachout伸出⑱turnout结果是，原来是⑲watchout小心，提防⑳runout用完，耗尽eq\o(○,\s\up3(21))rushout赶制(新产品)eq\o(○,\s\up3(22))workout算出，制定出eq\o(○,\s\up3(23))seekout搜寻到；找出eq\o(○,\s\up3(24))sendout发出，派出eq\o(○,\s\up3(25))wearout穿破；使精疲力竭eq\o(○,\s\up3(26))shoutout突然大声地说eq\o(○,\s\up3(27))sitout不参加，不参与eq\o(○,\s\up3(28))smellout嗅出，闻到，察觉到eq\o(○,\s\up3(29))speakout(尤指不顾危险)公开反对eq\o(○,\s\up3(30))spreadout伸展，延长；铺设eq\o(○,\s\up3(31))standout突出，显眼eq\o(○,\s\up3(32))startout出发，动身eq\o(○,\s\up3(33))stickout伸出来，坚持到底eq\o(○,\s\up3(34))talkout把……说透eq\o(○,\s\up3(35))thinkout仔细考虑；盘算eq\o(○,\s\up3(36))throwout扔掉；开除eq\o(○,\s\up3(37))tireout使精疲力竭eq\o(○,\s\up3(38))tryout试验，测试课文原句句式梳理仿写训练1.Unfortunately,itisnoteasytocatchathletesusingillegaldrugs.不幸的是，查出运动员服用违禁药物并不容易。(P34)catchsbdoingsth“撞见某人正在做某事/抓住某人在做某事”Theteacherintheexam.老师发现那个男孩在考试中作弊。2.However,thisisthefirsttimeI'vebrokenmyleg.然而，这是我第一次断腿。(P40)Thisisthefirsttime(that)...“这是第一次……”为固定句式Ihavebeenawayfromhome.这是我第一次离家。答案：1.caughttheboycheating2.Thisisthefirsttime(that)①toleratevt.忍受；容忍(不同意或者不喜欢的事物)；(对药物)有耐受性；能经受(困难条件)(P34)(1)单句语法填空①Physicalexpressionsofangeraregenerallyconsideredtooharmfulto(tolerate)．②Ican'ttolerateyour(speak)toyourmotherinsucharudemanner.③Theapartmentisreallytoosmall,butit's(tolerate)forthetimebeing.答案：①betolerated②speaking③tolerable(2)句型转换Ican'ttolerateanymoreexcuse.→Ican'tbeanymoreexcuse.答案：tolerantof/towards(1)toleratedoingsth容忍/容许做某事toleratesb/sb'sdoingsth容许/忍受某人做某事(2)tolerantadj.宽容的；容忍的betolerantof/towards对……宽容(3)tolerableadj.可容忍的，可忍受的tolerancen.宽容；忍耐力eq\a\vs4\al(特别提醒)表示“容忍”的词汇还有bear/stand/putupwith，常与won't/wouldn't/can't/couldn't连用。②seek(sought,sought)vt.&vi.试图，设法；寻找，寻求；探索；请求(P34)(1)单句语法填空①Heseeks(be)electedtothepositionofthegovernment.②Thetouristssoughtashadyspotwheretheysatdownandrested.③Youshouldseekadviceyourlawyeronthismatter.④Thousandsofpeoplecrossedtheborder,(seek)refugefromthewar.答案：①tobe②out③from④seeking(2)单句改错Theyoungwriterseekstowritingabookwhichwillbewelcomedbythereaders.答案：writing→write(1)seek(for)sth/sb寻找/追求某物/某人seeksthfromsb向某人请求/寻求某事seektodosth尝试/试图做某事seekout挑选出；物色；找出seekone'sfortune外出闯世界；寻找成功致富的机会(2)seekern.探索者，寻求者eq\a\vs4\al(特别提醒)(1)seek的过去式和过去分词均为sought。(2)seek后可接不定式作宾语，但不可接动名词。③opposevt.反对，抵制(P34)单句语法填空①Ihavebeenconsistentlyopposedto(feed)ababyregularly.②Goodhabitsalwaysleadtohighefficiency,whilebadonesbringthe(oppose)．③Motherstronglyopposedmy(travel)onmyownthissummervacation.④—Sam,canyoutellmewhatIRLmeans?—Itmeans“inreallife”，as(oppose)totalkingwithsomeoneontheInternetoroverthephone.答案：①feeding②opposite③traveling④opposedeq\b\lc\\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(1opposedoingsth,beopposedtodoingsth))反对(做)某事asopposedto(表示对比)而，相对于(2)oppositeprep.在……的对面adj.对立的，相反的(3)oppositionn.反对，抵抗④contradictvi.&vt.反驳，驳斥；与……相矛盾，相反(P34)(1)单句语法填空①It'sunwise(contradict)yourboss.②Wearefacedwithtwo(contradict)statements.③Youclearlycontradicted(you)withyoursecondstatement.答案：①tocontradict②contradictory③yourself(2)句型转换Whatshesaidcontradictedherrealactions.→Whatshesaidherrealactions.答案：wasincontradictionto(1)contradictoneself自相矛盾(2)contradictoryadj.相互矛盾的，对立的，不一致的(3)bein(direct)contradictionto与……相矛盾/对立⑤postponevt.推迟，延期(P37)(1)单句语法填空①Ourmanagerdecidedtopostponehisvacationnextmonth.②Bypostponing(make)adecision,wegetmoreinformationabouttheproject.③Thenoticecamearoundtwointheafternoonthatthemeetingwould(postpone)．答案：①until/to②making③bepostponed(2)单句改错Hedecidedtopostponedeliverthelecture,owingtohisbadhealth.答案：deliver→deliveringpostponesthto/until...把某事推迟到……postponedoingsth耽搁/推迟做某事eq\a\vs4\al(特别提醒)表示“推迟，延期”的词或短语还有delay,putoff,holdup等。⑥prohibitvt.(尤指以法令)禁止，阻止(P38)单句语法填空①Theyareprohibitedfrom(reveal)detailsaboutthecandidates.②Weprohibit(smoke)intheofficeduringworkinghours.③Smoking(prohibit)inpublicplaces.答案：①revealing②smoking③isprohibited(1)prohibit(doing)sth禁止(做)某事prohibitsbfromdoingsth禁止某人做某事(2)prohibitionn.禁止，阻止，禁令aprohibitionon/against……的禁令eq\a\vs4\al(特别提醒)prohibit表示制定正式规章进行“禁止”，并有强制执行的意思。表示“禁止/阻止某人做某事”的表达方式：discouragesbfromdoingsth,bansbfromdoingsth,preventsbfromdoingsth,keepsbfromdoingsth,forbidsbfromdoingsth,stopsbfromdoingsth。⑦declinen.衰落，衰败；减少；下降vi.&vt.衰落，衰退；下降；婉言谢绝(P40)(1)写出下列句中decline的汉语意思①Chimpmothersregularlydeclinetosharefoodwiththeirchildren.②Oilproductionhasalreadypeakedandisonthedeclineinabout50nations.③Itisreportedthatthetemperaturewilldeclinesharplyinoneortwodays.④Accordingtoscientists,ourmentalabilitiesbegintodeclinefromtheageof27afterreachingthehighestlevelat22.答案：①拒绝②下降③下降④衰退(2)单句语法填空①ThepriceoftheTVsetdeclined$1,400$900each.②It'ssaidthatmisbehaviorbytopofficialsisthedecline.答案：①from;to②on(1)fallinto(a)decline开始衰退indecline/onthedecline走下坡路；衰退中；在减少declinein/ofsth在某个方面减少/下降(2)declinetodosth拒绝做某事declineto减少到declineby减少了形象记忆⑧equipvt.装备，配备；(常用被动语态)使具备；使胜任(P41)(1)单句语法填空①Weaimtoequipyounggraduatesacompetitivebusinessenvironment.②(equip)withanewtypeofmachine,theexplorerswentintoacave,hopingtofindsomeburiedtreasure.③Pleaseequipyourselfasharppencilandarubberfortheexam.④Unfortunately,youmustcarrythenecessary(equip)withyou,sinceit'sallbutimpossibletofindnaturalsubstitutes.答案：①for②Equipped③with④equipment(2)单句改错Ourschoolhasbeengivensomenewequipments.答案：equipments→equipment(1)equip...forsth为某事而准备/装备……equipsbtodosth使某人能够做某事equip...with...用……装备/配备……；使……具有(学问、能力等)(be)equippedwith...装备/配备有……；拥有……(2)equipmentn.设备，装备apieceofequipment一件装备⑨fortunen.[C]大笔的钱，财富；命运，前途[U]运气(P41)(1)写出下列句中fortune的汉语意思①Europeansseeapiggybankasasignofgoodfortuneandwealth.②ReallycentralhotelsincitiessuchasLondon,EdinburghandCardiffcancostafortune,especiallyatweekendsandduringbigevents.③Whatcanhelpyoumakeafortuneinthefuture？答案：①运气②大笔的钱③财富(2)单句语法填空①He's(fortune)inhavingsuchgoodfriends.②(fortune),thefirewasdiscoveredsoonafterithadstarted.③Heisfortunate(be)abletoworkinLondon.答案：①fortunate②Fortunately③tobe(1)makea/one'sfortune发财seekafortune寻出路tryone'sfortune碰运气tellone'sfortune算命(2)fortunateadj.幸运的befortunateindoingsth有幸做某事befortunatetodosth有幸做某事(3)fortunately＝luckilyadv.幸运地unfortunately＝unluckilyadv.不幸地①invain徒然；白费力气；徒劳(P34)单句写作①Asaninexperiencedteacher,Itriedeverymeanstogetthemtobequiet,but(白费力气)．②Moneyandeducation,however,changehim,andbeforelonghe(变得虚荣)andashamedofhisbackground.③He(徒劳的尝试)toreachthesummitofthemountain.④We(枉费心机地试图)makehimchangehismind.答案：①invain②becomesvain③madeavainattempt④triedinvaintovainadj.徒劳的；枉然的；无结果的；虚荣的tryinvaintodosth枉费心机地试图做某事makeavainattempt/effort徒劳的尝试/努力②atallcosts＝atanycost不管多大代价，无论如何(P34)单句写作①“Aslongasthereisaglimmerofhopewedoit(不惜一切代价)，\”ZhongNanshansaid.②Hesavedhissonfromdrowningbutonly(以……为代价)hisownlife.③Totellyouthetruth,Isoldyouthiscoat(按成本价)．答案：①atallcosts/atanycost②atthecost/expenseof③atcostatthecost/expenseof以……为代价atacostof以……的价格atcost按成本价atalow/highcost低/高成本地③wipeout彻底毁灭，全部摧毁(P38)单句语法填空①A0.9­meterrisewouldwipetheirhabitatcompletely.②Hewipedthedirtthetablewithasponge.③Shewassniffingandwipinghereyesatissue.答案：①out②off③withwipe...from/off...把……从……擦掉wipe...away/off擦掉……；抹掉……wipe...with...用……擦……①[教材原句]ManycontemporaryamateurathleteswouldhavebrokenworldrecordsiftheyhadtakenpartinthefirstOlympicGames.假如许多当代业余选手参加了第一届奥运会的话，他们就会打破世界纪录。(P34)单句语法填空①Theymighthavefoundabetterhotelifthey(drive)afewmorekilometers.②Ifwe(catch)theflightyesterday，wewouldbeenjoyingourholidayonthebeachnow.③Ireallyappreciateyourhelp,otherwise,I(notbe)abletosellthishouseinsuchashortperiod.④itbefinetomorrow,wewouldgooutforahiking.答案：①haddriven②hadcaught③wouldn'thavebeen④Should②[教材原句]Unlesswearecareful,“gene­therapy”willbethenextbigthreat.如果我们不注意，“基因疗法”将会成为下一个重大威胁。(P34)(1)单句语法填空①Relationshipcanbehealthywenevercrossthewallsofrespect.②someextramoneyisfound,thecinemawillclose.答案：①if②Unless(2)单句改错Iwillnotgoabroadunlesssomeonepaidmyexpenses.答案：paid→paysunless意为“如果不，除非”，引导条件状语从句。(1)unless与if...not都可以译作“如果不……”，常常可以通用，但unless语气更强；另外，它不能用于虚拟语气，而后者可以。(2)当unless引出分词短语时，不能用if...not来替换。③[教材原句]Inthefuture,athleteswhohavetheirgeneschangedmightbeabletodothe100metresdashinjust8secondsorthemarathoninlessthantwohours.将来，改变了基因的运动员有可能创下8秒百米纪录或不到两个小时的马拉松纪录。(P34)(1)单句语法填空①Theteacherhashisstudents(read)Englisheverymorning.②Shehadthelight(burn)allnight.③Hehadhisleg(injure)intheaccident.④Wehaveeveryreason(think)therearelivingcreatureslikeusintheuniverse.答案：①read②burning③injured④tothink(2)单句写作①Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow;you'veoftenenough.到现在你应该理解这条交通规则了，已经给你解释得够多了。②Thebossoftenfor10hoursaday.老板经常让他们一天工作10小时。答案：①haditexplained②hasthemwork“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构(1)have＋宾语＋dosth让某人做某事(2)have＋宾语＋doingsth让某人或某物持续做某事(3)have/get＋宾语＋done让某事被做/请别人做某事/遭遇某事eq\a\vs4\al(特别提醒)(1)havesthtodo表示“有某事要做”，不定式作定语(2)havesbdosth＝let/makesbdosth＝get/causesbtodosth让某人做某事④[教材原句]Inthefuture,athleteswhohavetheirgeneschangedmightbeabletodothe100metresdashinjust8secondsorthemarathoninlessthantwohours.将来，改变了基因的运动员有可能创下8秒百米纪录或不到两个小时的马拉松纪录。(P34)单句语法填空①Intoday'sinformationage,thelossofdatacauseseriousproblemsforacompany.②Myroomisamess,butIcleanitbeforeIgoouttonight.Icandoitinthemorning.③Samuel,thetallestboyinourclass,easilyreachthebooksonthetopshelf.④Someone(leave)thetapon,forthewaterwasrunningoverandfloodingthebathroom.答案：①can②needn't③can④musthaveleft根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TheOlympicspirithasbeenviolatedbythedesire1(succeed)atallcosts.Nowrecordshavefallenintrackandfieldduetobetter2(equip),traininganddietsincethefirstOlympicGames.Butwecome3theissueofperformance­enhancingdrugs,whichisknown4doping.Someathleteswhoabusethedrugsriskfacingserioushealthproblemsin5(late)life.Theyseektoachievebeyondtheir6(nature)limits.7iscompulsoryforwinnerstobetestedbutother8(participate)areonlytestedatrandom.What'sworse,“gene­therapy”willbethenextbigthreat.Inthefuture,athleteswhohavetheirgenes9(change)mightbeabletodobetterthantheyshouldbe.Soif10(dope)andgene­therapycontinuetoaffecttheoutcomesofmajorsportingevents,theword“hero”willhavelostallmeaning.1．2.3.4.5．6.7.8.9．10.答案：1.tosucceed2.equipment3.across4.as5．later6.natural7.It8.participants9.changed10．dopingⅠ.单句语法填空1．SmokingleavesSaminpoorhealth;hiswifehastriedvaintopersuadehimtoquitsmoking,though.答案：in句意：吸烟使萨姆的健康状况很差。尽管他妻子试图劝说他戒烟却是徒劳的。invain“徒劳地”。2．Thelawmustseek(protect)therightsofcitizens.答案：toprotectseektodosth“设法/试图做某事”。3．Sheisverymuch(oppose)tohisgoingabroad.答案：opposed句意：她非常反对他出国。beopposedtodoingsth“反对做某事”。4．ChinesegovernmentpreventedtheCOVID－19fromspreadingatall(cost)．答案：costs句意：中国政府不惜一切代价来阻止这种疾病蔓延。atallcosts“不惜一切代价”。5．Mybabysisternevercriessheishungry.答案：unless句意：我那刚出生的妹妹除非饿了，否则她是从来不哭的。根据句意，这里用unless引导条件状语从句。6．Wouldyouliketohaveyourwriting(publish)inthismagazine?答案：published句意：你想要你的文章发表在这本杂志上吗？havesthdone“使某事被做”。7．Ifheshouldn'tcometomorrow,we(put)offthemeetingtillnextMonday.答案：should/would/couldput句意：要是他明天来不了，我们将把会议推迟到下周一。此处是对将来情况的虚拟，故主句用would/could/should＋动词原形。8．IfIwereyou,I(take)hisadvice.答案：wouldhavetaken句意：如果我是你的话，我就接纳他的建议。此处是虚拟语气，主句与过去事实相反，故用wouldhavetaken。9．Thepoliceprohibit(park)inthecitycentre.答案：parking句意：警方禁止在市中心停车。prohibitdoingsth“禁止做某事”。10．(live)withherfor5years,heknowsherverywell.答案：Havinglived句意：与她一起生活了五年，他非常了解她。现在分词的完成式强调动作先于句子谓语动词所表示的动作发生。Ⅱ.单句写作1．Policesearched(徒劳)forthemissinggunman.答案：invain2．Tokeepthefeetdryandcomfortable,thisnewkindofshoes(配有)amicro­fan.答案：isequippedwith3．Tenminutesearlier,andwemissingtheearlybus.再早十分钟的话，我们就可以避免错过早班的公共汽车。答案：couldhaveavoided4．当国王让人们修建这些金字塔时，他们也许决不会想到会发生这事。(have的宾语补足语)答案：WhenthekingshadthePyramidsbuiltforthem,theyperhapsneverimaginedthiswouldhappen.5．你上周怎么没有告诉我你遇到的困难？如果你告诉了我，我会给你帮助的。答案：Whydidn'tyoutellmeaboutyourtroublelastweek?Ifyouhadtoldme,Icouldhavehelpedyou.Ⅲ.语法填空Somepeoplearegreatatrememberingfaces.Oncetheymeetyou,theyneverforgethowyoulook,whileforotherpeople,rememberingafaceis1(simple)impossible.Suchpeoplehaveaconditionofthebraincalled“faceblindness”，2actualnameisdevelopmentalprosopagnosia(人面失认症),orDPforshort.Therewasatimewhenfaceblindness3(think)toberare.Butrecent4(study)haveshownthatitmightbemorecommonthanexpertshadthought.ThelateststudyonfaceblindnesscamefromDuchaine,5professorofpsychologicalandbrainsciencesatDartmouthCollege.Hewantedtofindout6thetesteescouldrecognizepicturesoffamouspeopleornot.SoheusedfMRItomeasureactivitiesintheirbrains.AnfMRIcanidentifychemicalandotherchanges7(result)frombloodflow.Resultsshowedthatwhen8(show)famousfaces,thetesteesdrewablankwiththem.Buttheycouldidentifytheactorwhohasonespecificfeature,suchashisspecialchinormoustache.Duchainesaidthisstudy9(it)wouldnotdirectlyleadtoanytreatments.However,hesaiditcouldleadtoamuch10(deep)understandingofhowweremembertheworldaroundus.1．2.3.4.5．6.7.8.9．10.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了有关脸盲症的信息和最新研究，该研究有助于我们就如何记住周围的世界有一个更深的了解。1．simply考查词性转换。修饰形容词impossible应用副词，故填simply。2．whose考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，作actualname的定语，故填whose。3．wasthought考查动词的时态和语态。根据该句中的“Therewasatime”可知，应用一般过去时；此处是sthbethoughttobe，为被动结构，意为“某物被认为……”。故填wasthought。4．studies考查名词。根据设空前的recent以及设空后的haveshown可知，此处应用名词的复数，故填studies。5．a考查冠词。“5professorofpsychologicalandbrainsciences”是Duchaine的同位语，此处泛指一位教授，故用不定冠词；且professor的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。6．whether/if考查宾语从句的连接词。设空处引导宾语从句，同时结合句意及句末的ornot可知，连接词应是whether或if。故填whether/if。7．resulting考查非谓语动词。本句已经有谓语canidentify，故此处应用现在分词短语作后置定语，故填resulting。8．shown考查非谓语动词。when引导状语从句，设空处为thetesteeswereshown的省略形式，故填shown。9．itself考查代词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，设空处作thisstudy的同位语，应用反身代词，指“这项研究本身”，故填itself。10．deeper考查形容词的比较级。根据设空前的amuch以及设空后的understanding可知，设空处应用形容词的比较级，表示“对于如何记住我们周围的世界有一个更深的了解”，故填deeper。Ⅳ.短文改错Theenvironmentpollutionbecamemoreandmoreserioustoday.Wewillhavenocleanwatertodrinkbecauseofwaterpollution.Andwhentreescutdown,someanimalswilldisappear.Thereismoreandmoreofdirtysmokeintheair.People'shealthhasbeengreataffectedbyair,noiseandwaterpollution.Manypeoplehavediedofdiseasescausingbypollution.Inordertolivethebetterlife,it'stimeforustoprotectourworld.Weshouldrecycle,reduceandreusethings,whosavesmoneyandreducespollution.Usethingsaslongaspossibly.Don'tuseplasticbag.Besides,wemustplantmoretreesandstoppeoplecuttingitdown.Wehopeourworldwillbemoreandmorebeautiful.答案：Theenvironmentpollutioneq\o(became,\s\do8(①becomes))moreandmoreserioustoday.Wewillhavenocleanwatertodrinkbecauseofwaterpollution.Andwhentreeseq\o(∧,\s\do8(②are))cutdown,someanimalswilldisappear.Thereismoreandmoreeq\o(eq\o(of,＼),\s\do9(③))dirtysmokeintheair.People'shealthhasbeeneq\o(great,\s\do8(④greatly))affectedbyair,noiseandwaterpollution.Manypeoplehavediedofdiseaseseq\o(causing,\s\do8(⑤caused))bypollution.Inordertoliveeq\o(the,\s\do8(⑥a))betterlife,it'stimeforustoprotectourworld.Weshouldrecycle,reduceandreusethings,eq\o(who,\s\do8(⑦which))savesmoneyandreducespollution.Usethingsaslongaseq\o(possibly,\s\do8(⑧possible)).Don'tuseplasticeq\o(bag,\s\do8(⑨bags)).Besides,wemustplantmoretreesandstoppeoplecuttingeq\o(it,\s\do8(⑩them))down.Wehopeourworldwillbemoreandmorebeautiful.1．became→becomes考查动词的时态。句意：如今，环境污染变得越来越严重。today表明应该用一般现在时，故将became改为becomes。2．trees后加are考查动词的时态和语态。句意：当树木被砍伐，一些动物会消失。trees与cutdown之间是被动关系，且为一般现在时，故在trees后加are。3．去掉of考查介词。句意：空气中有越来越多的肮脏的烟。more为限定词，直接修饰名词，of是多余的，故去掉of。4．great→greatly考查副词。句意：人们的健康受到空气、噪音以及水污染的严重影响。修饰动词affected用副词，故将great改为greatly。5．causing→caused考查过去分词。diseases与cause之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分词作定语，故将causing改为caused。6．the→a考查冠词。句意：为了生活得更好，我们是时候保护我们的世界了。此处的life是可数名词，此处用不定冠词表泛指，livea...life表示“过一种……样的生活”，故将the改为a。7．who→which考查定语从句的引导词。句意：我们应该回收、减少使用和再利用，这样可以省钱和减少污染，此处为非限制性定语从句，关系词指代前面的内容，在从句中作主语，故将who改为which。8．possibly→possible考查形容词。句意：尽可能长时间地使用物品。as...aspossible表示“尽可能……”，故将possibly改为possible。9．bag→bags考查名词。bag是可数名词，此处用复数表示泛指，故将bag改为bags。10．it→them考查代词。句意：此外，我们要种植更多的树并阻止人们砍伐它们。此处指代trees作cutting的宾语，故将it改为them。课时作业Ⅰ.完形填空(2022·黑龙江省实验中学高三月考)Yearsago,Ihadafalling­outwithafriendduetoamisunderstandingthatwascompletelymyfault.Iwasafraidto1thatIwaswrong,sowehadn'tspokenforyears.Thenwebumpedintoeachotheranddecidedtomeetforlunch.Itwasso2thatwekeptmeeting.AftertwoorthreemealstogetherIfeltforcedtoapologizeformy3yearsearlier.Myexperienceisn'tunique.Manypeople4apologizingbecausetheideaofadmittingtowrongdoingmakesthem5uncomfortable.Apologiesforceustoadmittoourselvesthatwedon'talways6ourstandards.Wemightalsofearthatthevictim(受害者)won't7ourapology.Weallliketo8ourselvesasgoodpeople—askind,considerateandmoral.Forthese9，anapologycanbeverydifficulttogive.Givenmyexperience,thereisno10thatanapologyisanimportanttoolfor11relationshiptomakeitfunctionalagain.Usuallya(n)12apologyiscalledfor,butifthevictimisangryatthewrongbehavior,itmaybemore13towait,becausetheir14maystopthemfromacceptingourapologies.Alsoadelay15anapology'seffectivenessbecauseitconveysthattheoffenderhastimetoreflectonhis/her16.Butaheartfeltapologyhasmorepowerfuleffects,whichcanimproveourmentalhealthandrepairour17personalrelationships.18，expressingregretandacknowledgingresponsibilityarealsovital.Without19，it'sagoodreasonofyouractions;withoutresponsibility,it'sanexcuse.MyfriendandIhadlunchrecently,15yearsaftermybelatedapology.Admittingthateverythinghadbeenmyfaulthelpedushealourrelationship.We'reboth20tohaveourfriendshiptoday.篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者以自己的道歉经历为例，分析了人们不想道歉的原因，并就如何道歉提供了一些建议。1．A.report B．believeC．admit D．record答案：Creport“报告”；believe“相信”；admit“承认”；record“记录”。根据前文“Yearsago,Ihadafalling­outwithafriendduetoamisunderstandingthatwascompletelymyfault.(几年前，我和朋友因为一个误会闹翻了，那完全是我的错。)”可知，错在作者，但作者却不承认，以致两人多年未说话。故选C。2．A.pleasant B．awkwardC．ridiculous D．wise答案：Apleasant“令人愉快的”；awkward“令人尴尬的”；ridiculous“愚蠢的；荒谬的”；wise“明智的；聪明的”。根据前文“Thenwebumpedintoeachotheranddecidedtomeetforlunch.”可知，作者和朋友重聚了，且后文“Aftertwoorthreemealstogether”提及他们又一起吃了两三顿饭，说明他们的见面很愉快。故选A。3．A.comment B．promiseC．trouble D．behavior答案：Dcomment“评论；意见”；promise“允诺；答应”；trouble“困难；苦恼”；behavior“行为”。根据前文“Ifeltforcedtoapologize”可知，作者想要道歉，应是因为之前错误的行为。故选D。4．A.allow B．avoidC．appreciate D．admit答案：Ballow“允许”；avoid“避免”；appreciate“欣赏；感激”；admit“承认”。根据后文“becausetheideaofadmittingtowrongdoingmakesthem5uncomfortable”可知，承认错误是令自己不舒服的，因此就会拒绝或避免去承认。故选B。5．A.regretfully B．slightlyC．eagerly D．terribly答案：D句意：许多人不愿意道歉，因为一想到承认自己做错了什么，他们就会觉得非常不舒服。regretfully“懊悔地；遗憾地”；slightly“略微；稍微”；eagerly“急切地；渴望地”；terribly“非常；可怕地”。此处用程度副词terribly修饰设空后的“uncomfortable”，表示“很不舒服”。故选D。6．A.gobackto B．lookupt