老人与海主人公

老人与海主人公

摘要:

美国现代著名小说家海明威曾经说过：“人生本来就是为了被打败的。人能被毁灭，但是不能被打败。”正是这种人生态度赋予了他笔下的桑提亚哥——勇敢、自信、自尊，永不屈服的性格特征。笔者从此角度出发，探索了“压力下的风度”这一主题以及给人们带来的启示。

Abstract:中国论文联盟整理。

Hemingway,afamousnovelistofAmerica,oncesaid＂＂Santiagoisendowedwiththisoptimisticattitudetowardslife-courage,confidence,＂graceunderpressure＂anditsrevelationtopeople.

Keywords:nevergivingup;confidence;graceunderpressure

I．Thethreelayersofpressure

ThesuccessofTheoldmanandthesealiesmostinitsperfectdisplay--thegraceunderpressure．whichisaveryimportantqualityofSantiago．Thequalityiscomposedoftwodements：pressureandgrace．Pressureisthepremise，onlyunderpressurecanone‘sgracefuldemeanordisplay．

Atthebeginningofthenovel，SantiagohadgoneEighty··fourdayswithoutcatchingafishandhadbe··comethelaughingstockofhissmallvillage．Thisisanaffronttoamasterfulfisherman，anditformsthefirstlayerofpressure；Asthestorybegins，ayoungboy，Manolin，stayedwiththeoldman，butafterthefortiethlucklessday，theboy，sfathertoldhissontogoinanotherboat，leavingtheskiffofwhichthesailwaspatchedwithfoursacksandfurledliketheflagofpermanentdefeat．Whentheboylefttheoldmanandfishedwithanother，theycaughtthreegoodfishesinthefirstweek．Theboysgoodluckformedobviouscontrastwiththeoldmangillluck．Ifthishappenedtoanotherboy，itwascoincidental，butithappenedtotheboywhohadgotnothingwiththeoldmanforfortydaysandexactlywhenhelefttheoldmanforoneweek．Thismadeotherfishermenbelievedthattheoldmanwasreallyunluckyenough!Thisisthesecondlayerofpressure；WhentheoldmanhookedthebiggestmarlinneverseenintheGulfStream，hewasalone，withoutthebenefitofmodemtechnology．Heenduredalongandgruelingstrugglewiththemarlinandfeltlonelyandhelpless．Thisisthethirdlayerofpressure．

II．Santiagograceunderthethreelayersofpressure

1．Graceunderthefirstlayerofpressure

Asthenovelbegins，wefindSantiagodefinitelyandfinallyfailed，however，hekeptself-composedandhadconfidenceinhisdignity．Soevenhavinggotnothinginthefirst84days，hecontinuedtogoouttofish．

Santiago％commitmenttosailingoutfurtherthananyfishermanhadbeforetestifiedhisconfidencetothedepth．Italsoshowedhisconfidencetochangehisbadluck，becauseheclearlyknewwhathewasbornfor．Yes，hewasbornfortheconqueringofthesea．Everythingabouthimwasoldexcepthiseyesandtheywerethesamecolorastheseaandwerecheerfulandundefeated．Weallknowthateyesarethewindowsofone7ssou1．Itmeanstheoldman''''sheartorsoulisinconvincible．Inordertoprotecthisdignity，hefinallysummarizedthefamousmotto“Manisnotmadefordefeat．Amancanbedestroyedbutnotdefeated”．

Thisisobviouslythedeclarationtothedifficuhiesandadversities．Howspiritedandvaliantthepledge!Itencourageshumantofightfordignity

2．Graceunderthesecondlayerofpressure

Theoldmanwasinhisadversityandtheboyhadgotgoodfishesafterhelefttheoldman．Santiagodidn’tfeeljealousbuthappyforhim．Whentalkingwiththeboywhowasnotwillingtoleave，theoldmansaid．“Iknowyoudidnotleavemebecauseyoudoub．ted’’?andhefeltitwasquitenorma1．thoughhewouldbelonelywithouttheboy．Whentheboyaskedifhecouldoffertheoldmanabeerontheterraceandthentookthestuffhome，theoldmansaid，“whynot，betweenfishermen

3．AUthesedetailsshowthatSantiagowasreasonable，sensible，kindwithopenmind．

Theoldman，sgraceliesinhisgenderfeeling．1et§takealookathowtheoldmanwoketheboy：hetookholdofonefootgentlyandheldituntiltheboywokeup．Whentheboywasstillsleepy，theoldmanputhisarmacrosshisshouldersandsaid“Iamsorry”．JustlikeLuXansaid，heartlessnessdoesntmakethehero，pityforchildrenmakesmoretheman．

Withconfidentattitudetowardslife，theoldmantookthingsphilosophically．Infacthehopedtheboycouldcomebacktohimandheneededtheboy，butwhentheboywantedtobeback，theoldmanrefusedbecauseitwastheboy，sparentswhomadehimleaveandhecouldnotmaketheboyawkwardandunluckywithhim．

3．GraceunderthethirdlayerofpressureWhenfightingwiththemarlin，hewasdriventhroughthetwooppositeforcesbetweencertaintyanduncertainty．SometimesSantiagofeltlonelyandhelpless，butheconqueredallofthemultimately，whichwasbestpresentedinhislongmonologueandrecallaboutarln．wrestlingcontest．suchas“1wishIhadtheboytohelpmeandtoseethis”，“1wishtheboywerehere”and“1wishIhadtheboy"[39]．

Hismenti0n0ftheboyseveraltimesprovedthathewantedtoover．whelmlonelinessandenhancedcourageandforcetofight．

Santiagorecalledthearm—wrestlingepisodetogivehimmoreconfidence．Therecallwouldallowhimtoforgetaconnectionwiththemarlinthatwentbeyondtheliterallinkoftheline：hisbodilyachesattestedtothefactthatheiswellmatched．thatthefishisawor．thyopponent．Asayoungman，Santiagoenjoyedsingle-mindedcompetitivecontests，asanoldmanhecontinuedtoenjoythem．

III．Conclusion

TheoldmanconveysusthatwehumanbEingsshouldkeepgracefulevenunderfiercepressure，shouldfacethefailuresbravely，andkeepthespiritofunyieldingintegrity．Thesearethequalitieswithwhichweshouldbeequipped，justasthemottooftheoldman“Manisnotmadefordefeat．Amancanbedestroyedbutnotdefeated．’’

【References】

[1]海明威．老人与海[M]．吴钧，译．上海：上海外文