主谓一致的三个原则

主谓一致的三个原则：语法一致、就近一致、意义一致谓语动词为单数的情况由and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现。TheworkerandwriterisfromWuhan那个工人兼作家cf:theworkerandthewriterarefromBeijing.那位工人和那位作家BreadandbutterisadailyfoodintheWest.every…and(every)…,each・.・and(each...,no…and(no)…,manya…and(manya)••连接两个单数名词作主语。Everydeskandeverychairismadeofwood.Manyaboyandgirlhasmadethesamemistake.one/everyone/each/either/thenumber+of+复数名词作主语no+单数名词和由some,any,no,every构成的复合不定代词都作单数看待。Eachofushasanewpen.Everythingaroundusismatter.Eachofthestudentshasabook.clothing,furniture,traffic,jewellery,baggage,equipment,luggage等无生命的集合名词作主语。Clothingisbadlyneededinthisfloodedarea.以s结尾的词，但表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称作主语。以-ics结尾的学科名词，如“mathematics,politics,physics以及news,等，形式上为复数，实际为单数，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。另外：复数名词用作书，电影、戏剧、报刊、国家等名称时，谓语动词用单数。MathsphysicsSwissUnitedstates表示时间、距离、金钱、等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时Twentyyearshaspassedsincehelefthishometown.由any-,some-,no-和-one,-thing,-body等所构成的不定代词作主语。Anybody,something非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语Collectingstampsiswhathelikes.Whateverwasleftwastakenaway.单数名词、抽象名词、物质名词作主语。谓语动词为复数的情况1.由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。Bothbreadandbutteraresoldout.2.people,police,cattle等有生命的集体名词作主语。Thepolicearelookingforthemissingchild.goods,stairs,arms等名词作主语。由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等s结尾的专有名词作主语。TheOlympicGamesareheldonceeveryfouryears.anumberof/quantitiesof/agroupof+名词作主语6.形容词加定冠词the表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数。Whatalifethepoorwereliving!Theyoungarehappytogivetheirseatstotheold谓语动词单、复数视情况而定集体名词class,family,army,team,club,population,enemy,party,crowd,crew,audience,public,government,majority,group等作主语。强调整体用单数，指个个成员用复数。一些集体名词做主语，如果看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数；如果指其中的成员，谓语用复数.但people,police,cattle等只能用复数.Myfamilyisabigfamily.Myfamilyarelisteningtotheradio.Thepolicearetryingtocatchthethief.Hisfamilyisagreatone.Hisfamilyaremusiclovers.means,works,pains等词，根据主语表达的概念而定。Thesteelworksisnearthestation.Twonewsteelworksarebeingbuilt.kind,sort,pair,type+名词作主语，以这些名词本身的单复数而定。all,none,some,any等不定代词作主语，根据其指代的内容而定。Allarepresent.Allthefoodtastesgood..5.half/most/enough/part/therest/thelast/lots/plenty/分数、百分数+of+名词作主语10.由“alotof,（lotsof,plentyof,therestof）+名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。Three-fourthsofthesurfaceissea.就近一致原则由or,either..・or,neither...nor,notonly...butalso以连词or,either..・or,neither・.・nor,therebe,notonly.butalso连接的复合主语，其谓语与其相邻的那个名词的数保持一致。Eg.YouorIamtobeinvited.等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词单复数上保持一致。NotonlyhebutalsoIam.invited.Neithermyglovesnormyhatgoeswiththedress.但注意with/alongwith/togetherwith/including/but/except/like/among/aswellas/nomorethan/besides/ratherthan+名词置于主语后，谓语和前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。1.Asaresultofdestroyingtheforests,alargeofdesertcoveredtheland.（上海2001）A.number;hasB.quantity;hasC.number;haveD.quantity;have精析：alargenumberof后面要接复数名词，所以A不能作为答案.因为desert是单数，所以要填has.这句话的意思是“毁坏森林的结果是，大片沙漠覆盖了陆地.”答案B2.ofthelandinthatdistrictcoveredwithtreesandgrass.（上海2000）A.Twofifth,isB.Twofifth,areC.Twofifths,isD.Twofifths,are精析：分数的分子用基数词，分母用序数词表示.如果分子大于1,序数词后加-s.分数和百分比作主语时,谓语动词的形式取决于分数和百分数后面的名词.句子中的主语land是单数,所以谓语动词要用iscovered.答案C.3----Eachofthestudents,workinghardathisorherlessons,togotouniversity.----SodoI.（全国1998）A.hopesB.hopeC.hopingD.dohope精析：这句话的主语是Eachofthestudents，是单数，所以要hopes选作谓语。现在分词短语workinghardathisorherlessons作状语，表示伴随的情况。有的考生盲目地把lessons当成了主语，填写了hope，发生了错误。本题的译文：每一个努力学习的学生都想上大学。我也是。答案A。peopleintheworldaresendinginformationbye-maileveryday.（上海2