Unit5LanguagesaroundtheWorldLanguagePoints2知识点讲义高中英语人教版

B1U5LanguagePoints2Period5DiscoveringUsefulStructures&ListeningandTalkingstruggle(n.&vi.)斗争；奋斗；搏斗WhenIstartedstudyingGerman,itwasastruggle.当我学习德语的时候，那是一件困难的事。Despitehisterribleinjuries,hewouldn’tgiveupthestruggle(斗争；奋斗；努力)forlife.他尽管身负重伤，但仍然不会放弃求生的努力。（~for/against...争取/反抗...的斗争）Itwasastruggle(难事)forthepoorfamilytoearnalivingonthelittlefarm.对这户贫困的家庭来说，靠这个小农场谋生是件难事。（对某人来说做某事是件难事）Someanimalshavetostruggleforexistenceinthedangerousworld.一些动物必须在这个充满危险的世界上为生存而斗争。(strugglefor为...而斗争/奋斗/努力)Atpresent,ourpanyhastostrugglewith/againstavarietyofdifficultiesfromhomeandabroad.我们公司现在不得不与各种各样来自国内外的困难作斗争。（strugglewith/against与...作斗争）Tomstruggledbackhistearswhenheheardthenewsthathehadlostthepetition.当Tom听到比赛输了的消息时强忍住泪水。=Tomstruggledtokeepbacktotearswhenheheardthenewsthathehadlostthepetition.(struggletodosth努力做某事)Thesoldierwasbadlywoundedbuthestruggledtohisfeetatlast.这个战士受了重伤，但最后他还是挣扎着站了起来。（struggletoone’sfeet挣扎着站起来）Iwasstrugglinginthewaterandscreamingforhelp.我在水里挣扎着，高声呼救。词义关联：fightforjustice为公正而战fightagainstinjustice与不公正作斗争beg(vt.)恳求；祈求；哀求toasksbforsthesp.inananxiouswaybecauseyouwantorneeditverymuchIbegyourpardon.请原谅。（P65）begforhelp/money/food求援/讨钱/讨饭（begforsth请求得到某物）Tim,lookingathisfriendwithbeggingeyes,beggedhertotellhimthetruth.Tim用乞求的眼神看着他的朋友，请求她把真相告诉他。（begsbtodosth请求某人做某事）NewYorkisfullofbeggarsbegginginthestreets.纽约到处是在街上乞讨的乞丐。词义关联：ask(sb)forsth./asksbtodosth/thatsb(should)dosth要求；请求requeststh(fromsb)/sbtodosth/thatsb(should)dosth（礼貌或正式地）请求，要求requiresth/sbtodosth/thatsb(should)dosth需要；要求demandsth/todosth/thatsb(should)dosth强烈要求；需要tongue(n.)舌，舌头；语言；说话方式mothertongue=firstlanguage母语；本国语Thewordsfeltstrangeonmytongue.这些词语我说起来觉得很奇怪。Iwastonguetied(adj.(因害羞或紧张)张口结舌的。说不出话来的).我张口结舌。frommypointofview/inmyopinion/asfarasIamconcerned在我看来asif/though似乎；好像aseaofwords/aseaofflowers/aseaoffaces(aseaof大量；茫茫一片)很多单词/花的海洋/人山人海Icouldopenabookandseemeanings,notjustaseaofwords.我可以打开一本书，看到含义，而不仅仅是文字的海洋。semester(semi构成形容词和名词：半；部分semifinal半决赛)/term(尤用于英国)学期gas气体；天然气；(gasoline)汽油/gasstation加油站/petrol(BrE)汽油bysubway/takethesubway坐地铁rentanapartment(NAmE)租一套公寓=rentaflat(BrE)theEnglishdepartment英语系/thesalesdepartment销售部(部；司；局；处；系；科；部门)pants(BrE)内裤；短裤(NAmE)裤子/trousers裤子ThemoreIlearntofalanguage,themoremybrainwouldgrow.我对一门语言学习得越多，大脑就会成长得越多。The+比较级（+主语+谓语），The+比较级（+主语+谓语）“越...,越...”前者表示条件，后者表示结果。在表示将来意义的情况下，该结构的前半部分常用一般现在时，后半部分用一般将来时。It'sbelievedthattheharderyouwork,thebetterresultyou’llget.人们相信，你越努力，你得到的结果就会越好。如果句意明确，该结构常以省略形式出现。Themore,thebetter.多多益善。Itfeltlikemybrainhaddoubledinsize.感觉我一个头两个大。IfeltasifIhadreachedthegoal(which/that)Ihadbeenfightingfor.我觉得我好像达到了我一直为之奋斗的目标。AdditionalAccumulationbedividedinto被分成（整体分成部分）stayunited保持团结majorinEnglish主修英语gointhisdirection往这个方向走(developinonedirection朝一个方向发展)thereasonforhisbeinglate他迟到的原因runintodifficulties/badweather碰到困难；遭遇坏天气spoken/writtenEnglish口语/书面语reachsb/getintouchwithsb与某人取得联系makeone’sday使某人一天非常快活Thechampionhewoninthespeechpetitionreallymadehisday.他获得了演讲比赛的冠军，这让他非常开心。admirethemoon赏月nottomention更不用说besecondtonone首屈一指inaflat(adj.)voice用平淡的声音store(v.)information储存信息Thereisnoneedforsbtodosth某人没有必要做某事Heisnobody(n.apersonwhohasnoimportanceorinfluence)/someone(pron.animportantperson).他是个无名小卒。/他是个人物。playajokeonsb开某人的玩笑meetone’sneeds满足某人的需要Period6ReadingforWriting&AssessingYourProgress&VideoTimeequal(n.)同等的人；相等物(adj.)相同的；同样的...ourrelationshipiscloseandwe’reequals(n.)...我们关系密切；彼此相等...①Frommypointofview,heisaplayerwithoutequalandhasnoequalinfootball.在我看来，他是个无与伦比的运动员，在足球上无人能与他匹敌。②Menarecreated/bornequal.人生而平等。beequaltomen男女平等Heisequaltothejob.他能胜任这份工作。（beequalto与...相等；能胜任，应付）③Threeplusthreeequalssix.三加三等于六。(linkingverb+noun（大小、数量、价值等）与...相等；等于)Nooneequalshiminstrength.论力气，无人能与他相比。（AequalsBin...A...方面比得上B）Withhislastjumpheequalledtheworldrecord.凭借最后一跳，他平了世界纪录。（比得上）Tokeepfit,dietandexerciseareequallyimportant.为了保持健康，饮食和锻炼同样重要。(adv.平等地；同样地)Thecakewasdividedequallyintofourparts这个蛋糕被平均分成四份。（平均地）racial/social/sexualequality种族/社会/男女平等（n.平等；均等；相等）词义关联：Heisfitforthejob./Thejobissuitableforhim.他适合这份工作。gap(n.)间隔；开口；差距...soIonlyneedafewwordstobridgethegapbetweenus....所以我只需要说几个字就能让对方明白我的意思。（消除隔阂）agapbetweenrichandpoor贫富之间的差距generationgap代沟词义关联：I’mplanningtotakeagapyearandgobackpackinginCanada.我准备休假一年去加拿大背包旅行。(gapyear空缺年（常指中学毕业后上大学前所休的一年假期，用于实习或旅游）)demand(n.)要求；需求(vt.)强烈要求；需要(vi.)查问...Imustmakeitaquestion,notademand......我得把它变成一个问题，而不是一个要求...①ademandformoney需要钱（ademandforsth对...要求/需求）Chineseteachersareingreatdemandabroadtheseyears.现在国外很需要汉语老师。（indemand需求大的）ItissaidthatsuchaChinesetrainingcoursewillsatisfy/meetyourdemand(s).据说，这样的汉语培训班将满足你的需求。(满足某人的需求)②Thepolicemanstoppedmeanddemanded/madeademandtoseemydrivinglicense.那名警察拦住我，要求看我的驾驶执照。（demandtodo=makeademandtodo要求做某事）ThepolicedemandedthatMary(should)retellthewholeaffairindetail.警察要求Mary详细复述整个事件。（demandthatsb(should)dosth要求）Thissportdemandsbothspeedandstrength.这项运动既需要速度也需要体力。Theworkisphysicallydemanding.这工作需要有很好的体力。（adj.(工作)要求高的；费力的；(人)苛刻的）词义关联：require/requestinsistondoingsth坚持做某事Heinsisted(that)hewasinnocentandthathe(should)besetfree.他坚持说自己是无辜的，坚持要求释放他。description(n.)描写（文字）；形容Doesthewritergiveacleardescriptionoftheproblem?作者对这个问题做了清楚的描述吗？giveadetailed/briefdescriptionofthepicture对图片作详尽的/简要描述=describe(vt.)thepictureTheTibetisbeautifulbeyonddescription.西藏的美是无法形容。(难以描述)Jackdescribed/picturedhimselfasakindman.Jack把自己描述成一个善良的人。（v.把...描述为）thedescriptivepassagesinthenovel小说中的描写性段落（adj.描写的；叙述的；说明的）词义关联：picture(v.)sb/sthassth(describeorpresentsb/sthinaparticularway描述；描写)relate(vt.)联系；讲述Doeseachsentencerelatetothemainidea?每句话都与主旨有关吗？(relateto:tobeconnectedwithsb/sth;torefertosth/sb与...有关；涉及；谈到)Theprofessortoldhisstudentstorelatetheorytopractice.教授告诉他的学生们要将理论和实际联系起来。(relateAtoB把A与B联系起来)Sherelatesherchildhoodexperiencestoherfriend.她向她的朋友讲述了自己童年的经历。（relatesthtosb向某人讲述某事）Somediseasesarecloselyrelatedtoairpollution.有些疾病与空气污染密切相关。（adj.相关的；有联系的berelatedto与...有关）Ihavesomementstomakeinrelationtothismatter.关于这件事我有几点看法。(inrelationto=concerning关于)Itsbrainissmallinrelationtoitsbody.和它的身体相比，它的大脑很小。（=paredwith与...相比）aclose/distantrelationofmine我的一个近亲/远亲=aclose/distantrelativeofmine(n.亲戚；亲属)relation(n.)(人、团体、国家之间的)关系，联系，交往；（事物之间的）关系，关联；亲戚，亲属relationship(n.)(人、团体、国家之间的)关系，联系;（事物之间的）关系，关联;血缘关系，姻亲关系词义关联：havesomethingtodowith与...有关beconcernedwith与...有关；涉及berelevantto与...相关havetroublewithsth/(in)doingsth=havedifficultywithsth/(in)doingsth在（做）某事方面有困难...butnowI’mhavingalotoftroublewithmylistening....但是现在我的听力有很大的麻烦。dependon/upon=relyon依赖；依靠；取决于Italldepends./Thatdepends.那得看情况。Ithinkitalldependsonwhoyou’retalkingto.我觉得这完全取决于你在跟谁说话。pare...with...把...和...相比较SometimesIevenrecordmyvoicesoIcanlistentomyselfandparemypronunciationwiththeradiohost’s!有时候我甚至还给自己录音，那样一来，我可以听自己的声音，并把我的发音与广播主持人的发音进行比较。get（动）/be（状）closeto靠近；接近aclosefriend一个亲密的朋友ButifI’mtalkingtosomeonewhoisn’tveryclosetome...但是，如果我是跟不太亲近的人说话...givesbanewpointofviewon给某人一个关于...的新观点beseniorto比某人年长/地位高bejuniorto比某人年幼/地位低keepsthinone’shead记住某事=keepsthinmindIcan’tkeepallthenewvocabularystraightinmyhead,andIcertainlycan’trememberhowtousethemallproperly.我无法在脑子里记住所有的生词，当然也就记不住如何恰当地使用这些词汇。one’sattitudeto/towardssth某人对...的态度despite/inspiteofthegreatdifficulty尽管困难重重nativeEnglishspeakers以英语为母语的人recordone’svoice把某人的声音录下来referto提到，谈及；涉及，与...有关；查考，查阅open