大学实用英语1（本科）Traveling

TravelingUnit3YouAreAbleto:Getmoreknowledgeabouttravelling,aswellasgapyearPlayaroleandspeakinEnglishListentosomeEnglishdialoguesandashortspeechLearnsomeusefulwordsandexpressionsandtrytousethemGetsomeknowledgeabouttheskillscommonlyusedinEnglishreadingcomprehensionLearnhowtowriteaResumeinEnglishYouAreSuggestedto:PayattentiontothestressofthesentenceKnowthemeaningofanEnglishwordisusuallydecidedbyitscontextLearningTasksPartⅠListeningandSpeakingWarm-upTask1Directions:

Talkabouttheactivitiesinthepicturesbelow.Ifyouhavenoidea,pleaseturntoyourclassmatesforhelp.

(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)PartⅠListeningandSpeakingTask2Directions:

Nowadaysmoreandmorepeoplepreferindependenttravel(自助游).Whatadvantagesanddisadvantagesdoesithave?Fillinthechartwithyouranswer.AdvantagesDisadvantages(1)(1)(2)(2)(3)(3)PartⅠListeningandSpeakingOralPracticeTask1Directions:

Readthefollowingshortdialogues,payingattentiontothetoneandstressofyourreading.Dialogue1A:Hi,Cook.Thewinterholidayisapproaching.B:Yes.Haveyougotanyplans?A:IamplanningtogotoParis.Haveyoueverbeenthere?B:Yes.It’soneofthemostbeautifulplacesI’veeverbeen.A:Really?Iwouldbeluckyenoughtoenjoymyselfthere,Ithink.B:Definitely.Haveagoodtime.PartⅠListeningandSpeakingA:Doyouthinkweshouldtravelbybusorbytrain?B:It’sadifficultchoice.Thetrainisalittlefaster,butmoreexpensive.A:Wewouldfacedelaysifwetravelbybus,thankstotrafficjams.B:Busesaremorecrampedandyoucan’twalkaround.A:That’strue,butIfeelthatIseemorewhenItravelbybus.B:Really?Ithinkyouseemoretravellingbytrain.A:So,whichformoftransportdoyouprefertouse?B:Iprefergoingbytrain,eventhoughitcostsmore.A:OK,then.We’llgobytrain.I’msurewe’llhaveagoodjourney.Dialogue2PartⅠListeningandSpeakingTask2Directions:

Usetheinformationgivenbelowtocreatearole-play.SupposethatyouandyourfriendarevisitingHongKong.Nowyouarediscussingwhereyouwouldliketovisittomorrow.Yourfriendsuggeststogoshopping,butyouwanttogototheDisneyland.GivereasonsforgoingtoDisneylandandpersuadeyourfriendtogowithyou.PartⅠListeningandSpeakingListeningPracticeTask1Directions:Nowyouwillhear5shortconversations.Theywillbereadonlyonce.Aftereachconversation,thereisaquestion.Listencarefullyandchoosethebestanswerfromthe4choices.1.A.Whentocatchthetrain. B.Whichbusstoptogetoff.C.Wheretobuytheticket. D.Howtoreachtheairport.2.A.Shewasbusywithherwork. B.Sheforgotaboutthemeeting.C.Shewasillatthattime. D.Shewaspreparingforatrip.3.A.Sendareport.B.Writeareport.C.Typeareport.D.Readareport.4.A.Fillinaform. B.Payhisbill.C.Showhisbusinesscard. D.Makeaphonecall.5.A.Projectengineer. B.Computerprogrammer.C.Marketingmanager. D.Shopassistant.DCBACPartⅠListeningandSpeakingTask2Directions:

Inthissectionyouwillhearalongconversation.Itwillbereadtwice.Thenyouarerequiredtoanswerthefollowingquestionsbymakingcorrectchoices.6.Whatishappeninginthedialogue?ThespeakersarevisitingTokyo.ThespeakersaregoingtoDisneyland.7.Whathasthemanseenbefore?HongKong MickeyMouse8.Whatisthemanlookingforwardtothemost?Ridingtherides. SeeingDonaldDuck.9.Wheredoesthedialogueprobablytakeplace?Inacar. InDisneyland.PartⅠListeningandSpeakingTask3Directions:Listentothepassagecarefully.Itwillbereadthreetimes.Duringthesecondreading,youarerequiredtoputthemissingwordsorphrasesinthenumberedblanksaccordingtowhatyouhear.Thethirdreadingisforyoutocheckyourwriting.

Hello,everybody!Onbehalfofthehotel,I’dliketoexpressourwarmestwelcometoyou.Wedohopeallour(10)____________willfeelhappyandcomfortablehere.Wewouldbepleasedtoprovide(11)____________servicestomeetyourneeds.Hereyoucanfindmanyconvenientfacilitiesforyoutouse,suchasa(12)____________,healthclubandanindoorswimmingpool.Wealsohavethreerestaurants(13)____________ChineseandWesternfoods,twobarsandalargeshoppingcenter.Anysuggestionsfor(14)____________ourservicearewelcome.Thankyouforyourattention.guestsallkindsofbusinesscenterservingimprovingPart ⅡReadingComprehension1. Doyoulikepackagetour(跟团旅行)orbackpacking?2. Beforetravelling,whatdoyouusuallythinkabout?3. WhenitcomestoUnitedKingdom,whatdoyouhaveinyourmind?Questionsfordiscussion：Part ⅡReadingComprehensionAcitylooksmorelivelywithariverrunningthroughit,crossedbybeautifulbridges.Londonissuchacity.Ifyouvisitit,youmustseeitsworld-famousriver—theThames,andtheuniqueTowerBridgecrossingtheriver.PeoplefamiliarwithBritishhistoryoftensay,“IftherewerenoThames,therewouldbenoLondon.”Passage1

TourisminLondonPart ⅡReadingComprehensionTherearemanyscenicspotsandhistoricalsitesthatmarktheprogressofhumansocietyandtheupsanddownsofBritain.ThemostmagnificentofthesesitesistheTowerBridge,builtin1894,withitsfourtowers.Iflargeshipsneedtopassbelowit,itcanberaised.Whenthebridgewasfirstinuse,itwasraisedasmanyas50timesaday.Today,becausetherearen’tsomanylargeshipsontheriver,peoplerarelyseethebridgeraised.Londonisfamousforitsfriendlypigeons.Ifyouhavesomefoodforthem,youcanactuallygetthemtostandonyourhead,shoulder,oryourhand.Peoplelovetoplaywiththepigeonsandtakepictureswiththem.That’swhythesquareisnicknamed“PigeonSquare”.Ithasanothername—TrafalgarSquare.AndinthemiddleofitstandsastatueofAdmiralNelson,afamousofficerintheNavy,withafountainoneithersideofthemonument.Part ⅡReadingComprehensionInthedowntownarea,therearenopolicemendirectingtraffic.Vehiclesandpedestriansareguidedbytrafficlights.Mostpedestriansobservethetrafficrulescarefully.Thedowntownareabuseshaveadvertisementsalloverthem.BusesareveryconvenientinLondonbecausetherearesomanyofthem.Whenyougosightseeing,youcanalsotaketaxisandchatwiththetaxidrivers.Londonwasthefirstcityintheworldwithasubwaysystem,whichiscalled“TheTube”.Itisnotonlyimportantfortransportationbutwasalsousedforshelterduringwartime.DuringtheSecondWorldWar,London’stubesystemprotectedalmost200,000peoplefromthebombing.Nowthetubehasbecomeaverycommercialplacewithmanyadvertisements.Part ⅡReadingComprehensionItisimpossibletoseeeverythingthat’sinterestinginLondon.Astheeveningfalls,theneonlightsshineonthepeoplewhoaregoingtothetheatreorcinemaorgoingshopping,andyoucanalmostimagineyourselfinShanghaiwithitscomingandgoingcrowds.TheThamesisverybeautifulasnightfalls.Thestreetlampsarereflectedintheriveraspoolsofredandgreen.HavingheardofthebeautyofthesunriseontheThames,wearelongingtoseeit.ButthefactisthatLondonisafoggycity,andwehavetowonder...willitbecleartomorrow?(464words)Part ⅡReadingComprehensionNewWords

lively/'laɪvli/

adj.

活泼的；栩栩如生的unique/juː'niːk/

adj.独特的，独一无二的scenic/'siːnɪk/

adj.景色优美的magnificent/mæg'nɪfɪs(ə)nt/

adj.壮丽的，宏伟的rarely/'reəli/

adv.很少pigeon/'pɪdʒɪn/

n.鸽子statue/ˈstætʃu:/

n.雕像，雕塑navy/'neɪvi/

n.海军fountain/ˈfaʊntən/

n.喷泉monument/'mɒnjʊm(ə)nt/

n.纪念碑；历史遗迹downtown/'daʊntaʊn/

n.市中心；(市中心的)商业区vehicle/ˈviːɪkəl/

n.车辆Part ⅡReadingComprehensionNewWords

pedestrian/pɪˈdestrɪən/

n.行人；步行者sightseeing/ˈsaɪtˌsiːɪŋ/

n.观光；游览tube/tjuːb/

n.管子；隧道transportation/trænspɔː'teɪʃ(ə)n/n.运送；交通shelter/'ʃeltə/

n.庇护；避难所wartime/wɒːtaɪm/

n.战时protect/prə'tekt/

v.保护bomb/bɒm/

n.v.炸弹轰炸commercial/kə'mɜːʃ(ə)l/n.adj.(电台或电视广播的)商业广告商务的；商业的neon/'niːɒn/

n.霓虹灯；氖reflect/rɪ'flekt/

v.反映；反射；深思foggy/'fɒgi/

adj.多雾的；模糊的Part ⅡReadingComprehensionPhrasesandExpressionsupsanddowns兴衰沉浮playwith与……玩protect…from保护……免受heardof听说longto渴望Part ⅡReadingComprehensionProperNamesTheThames泰晤士河TowerBridge塔桥PigeonSquare鸽子广场TrafalgarSquare特拉法尔加广场AdmiralNelson纳尔逊上将ExercisesⅠ.ReadingComprehensionDirections:Thereare5questionsorunfinishedstatementsinthissection.Foreachquestionorstatementthereare4choicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshouldmakethecorrectchoiceaccordingtopassage1andmarkthecorrespondingletter.1.WhatisthemostmagnificentspotinLondon?A.ItistheThames.B.ItistheTowerBridge.C.Itisthe“TheTube”.D.ItisthestatueofAdmiralNelson.2.WherecanatouristfindalotoffriendlypigeonsinLondon?A.ItisontheThamesthatatouristcanfindalotoffriendlypigeons.B.ItisontheTrafalgarSquarethatatouristcanfindalotoffriendlypigeons.C.Itisonastatuethatatouristcanfindalotoffriendlypigeons.D.Itisinthe“TheTube”thatatouristcanfindalotoffriendlypigeons.Part ⅡReadingComprehensionBB3.London’stubeisimportantfortransportationand______.A.advertisingB.theprogressofhumansocietyC.protectionofthefriendlypigeonsD.wasusedasshelterforpeopleduringwartime4.WhodirectstrafficinLondon?A.AdmiralNelsonB.Policemen.C.Pedestrians.D.Nobody.5.London’stubesystemprotectedalmost______peoplefromthebombingduringtheSecondWorldWar.A.twentythousandB.twothousandC.twomillionD.twohundredthousandPart ⅡReadingComprehension

正确选项：1.2.3.4.5.DDDⅡ.IdentifyingPicturesDirections:MatchthefamoussceneryinthepicturebelowwithitsEnglishname.A.Louvre,Paris B.Mt.Huangshan,AnhuiC.StatueofLiberty,NewYorkD.HuangguoshuWaterfall,GuizhouE.Pudong,ShanghaiF.Mt.Fuji,TokyoPart ⅡReadingComprehension(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)EBDFACⅢ.VocabularyTask1Directions:Fillintheblankswiththewordsorphrasesgiveninthebox.Changetheformwherenecessary.1.TheFrenchhaveactedswiftlyanddecisivelyto__________theirindustries.2.Ifyou__________fire,you’llgetburntintheevent.3.Whenlifegetshardandyouwanttogiveup,rememberthatlifeisfullof_______,andwithoutthedowns,theupswouldmeannothing.4.__________knowhowthingswereoutsideheslippedoutallalone.5.The_________streetswerevirtuallyempty(空空荡荡),exceptfortheoccasionaleveningstroller.Part ⅡReadingComprehensionplaywith impossible upsanddowns magnificent imaginereflect foggy longto convenient protectprotectplaywithupsanddownsLongingtofoggy6.These____________ancientbuildingsdemonstratethegreatintelligenceofthelabouringpeople.7.Thetreesontheshorelinewere__________intheclearwater.8.Icouldn’t__________whyhewouldwanttobealonewithme.9.Thereisonlyonethingthatmakesadream__________toachieve:thefearoffailure.10.Iamafraiditwon’tbe__________formetoseeyoutomorrowafternoon.Part ⅡReadingComprehensionmagnificentreflectedimagineimpossibleconvenientTask2Directions:FillintheblanksinthefollowingpassagebyselectingsuitablewordsfromtheWordBank.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Where,whenandhowdidthename“cocktail”originated?ThestorygoesbacktothetimefortheAmericanWarofIndependence.It(1)______inthetownofWinchester,NewYork.Ayoungwaitress(2)______BetsyFlanaganmadeanewdrinkandshenamedit“cocktail”.Thiswasbecausesheusedafeatherpulledfromtheroaster’stailto(3)______themixturetomakeiteven.Justatthattime,agroupofarmy(4)______werewaitingattheirtableandasBetsycameup(5)______thedrink,oneoftheofficersshouted,“LongLiveCocktail!“Thuspeoplecontinuetocallthisdrinkacocktail.Thehoursofacocktailpartymay(6)______from5:00to8:00p.m.Timeof(7)______anddepartureatacocktailpartyisnotstrict.Itisratherflexible.Atacocktailparty,womenmaywear(8)______clothes.Menmayweartheirbusinesssuits.Part ⅡReadingComprehensionA.withB.namedC.officersD.ordinaryE.arrivalF.happenedG.stirH.rangeFBGCAHEDⅣ.TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingEnglishsentencesintoChinese.1.ItisBritain’spolitical,economicandtransportationcentreandisalsothelargestcityinEurope.2.Itwasoncethemostpowerfulcountryintheworld,anempire“onwhichthesunneverset”.3.Ifyouhavesomefoodforthem,youcanactuallygetthemtostandonyourhead,shoulder,oryourhand.4.Thedowntownareabuseshaveadvertisementsalloverthem.5.HavingheardofthebeautyofthesunriseontheThames,wearelongingtoseeit.Part ⅡReadingComprehension它是英国的政治、经济和交通中心，也是欧洲最大的城市。它曾经是世界上最强大的国家，一个“太阳在其领土永远不会落下”的帝国。如果你给它们带去食物，鸽子就会飞到你的头顶上、肩膀上和手上。伦敦市内的公共汽车漆满了令人眼花缭乱的广告。久闻泰晤士河日出的美景，我们真想见一见。Part ⅡReadingComprehensionGapyearreferstoaperiodoftimeinwhichstudentsgoawayfromformaleducationandparticipateinotheractivities,suchastravelorwork.Peoplealsocallitinothernames,too,includingtime-offandtime-out.Manyyoungpeopletaketheirgapyearaftertheyfinishhighschoolandbeforetheygotouniversity.Thelengthofgapyearis12monthsformanystudents,buttheyarealsoallowedtogoawayforshorterorlongertime.Passage2

GapYearPart ⅡReadingComprehensionHistoryofGapYearThepracticeoftakingagapyearfirstappearedintheUnitedKingdominthe1960s.Atthattime,manystudentswenttravelling,tookpartinvolunteerworkinothercountries,orparticipatedinaworkingholidayabroad.IntheUnitedStates,thegapyearideagrewpopularin1980.Sincethen,studentsinmanyothercountries,includingAustralia,NewZealand,andCanada,begantotaketheirtime-off.Manyofthesestudentstookpartininternationaleducationprogramsthatmightcombinelanguagestudy,home-stays,culturalcommunication,communityservice,andindependentstudy.Part ⅡReadingComprehensionIntheyear2010,thepracticeofgapyearincreasedamonggraduatesfromhighschools,colleges,anduniversities.Manyyoungadultsthoughtthatgapyearexperiencewasagoodchoicefortheirfuturecareerdevelopment.Intheyear2011,however,thenumberofstudentsfromtheUKwhotooktime-outdeclined.Accordingtoresearchers,thereweretworeasonsforthistrend:first,coursesaremoredifficulttostudy,andstudentswereafraidthattheymightnotbeabletocatchupwiththeirclassmatesaftertheyreturned;second,theuniversityfeeskeptincreasing,andstudentsdidnotwanttowaitonemoreyearbeforetheyenteredcollege,whichmightbemoreexpensivethanthecurrentprice.Part ⅡReadingComprehensionGapYearPracticesinDifferentCountries1.TheUnitedStatesInthepast,fewerstudentsfromtheUnitedStatestakeayear-offthancountriesliketheUK,Australia,andNewZealand.Recently,however,gapyearhasbecomemorepopularforAmericanstudents,becausetheyfeelexhaustedfromtheirhighschooleducationandwanttounderstandthemselvesbetteroutsidetheclassroom.Manyfamousuniversities,includingHarvard,Princeton,andMIT,haveformalpoliciesallowingstudentstodelaytheirstartofuniversitylife.Itisinterestingthatmany21-23year-oldAmericansliketotaketheirgapyearaftertheygraduatefromuniversity.Part ⅡReadingComprehension2.AustraliaAustraliaisapopulardestinationforoverseasgapyeartravelers.Ontheotherhand,itisalsocommonforAustralianstudentstotravelduringtheirgapyear.Usually,around2%ofAustralianstakeayearoffbeforetheyenteruniversity,andtravelbackpackingabroadorwithinAustralia.(436words)Part ⅡReadingComprehensionNewWords

formal/’fɔ:ml/

adj.正规的；正式的participate/pɑ:’tɪsɪpeɪt/v.参与；参加time-off

n.补假time-out

n

(工作等活动中的)休息时间，(体育比赛中的)暂停length/leŋθ/

n.时间的长短volunteer/ˌvɒlənˈtɪə/n.

志愿者，自愿参加者，志愿从事者abroad/ə’brɔ:d/

adv.

在国外；到海外program/’prəʊɡræm/

n.程序；计划；大纲home-stay/’həʊmsteɪ/n.

寄宿家庭(指和房东住在一起，由房东提供食宿)Part ⅡReadingComprehensionNewWords

community/kə'mju:nəti/n.

社区；社会；乡镇；公社increase/ɪn'kri:s/v.增加；增大；增多adult/ˈædʌlt,əˈdʌlt/n.成年人decline/dɪ'klain/

v.下降，减少researcher/rɪˈsɜ:tʃə/n.研究者trend/trend/

n.

倾向；趋势；动向fee/fi:/

n.

费用recently/ˈri:sntli

adv.最近地exhausted/ɪɡ'zɔ:stɪd/adj.

精疲力竭的，疲惫不堪的，非常疲乏的policy/'pɒləsi/

n.

政策；原则delay/dɪ'leɪ/

v.延迟；延期destination/ˌdestɪˈneɪʃn/n.

终点，目的地overseas/ˌəʊvə'si:z/adj.海外的，国外的Part ⅡReadingComprehensionPhrasesandExpressions

ProperNamescatchupwith赶上，追上ontheotherhand另一方面PrincetonUniversity普林斯顿大学ExercisesⅠ.ReadingComprehensionDirections:Tellwhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalseaccordingtothetextyouhavelearned.WriteTifthestatementistrueandFifitisfalse.____1.Gapyearreferstoaperiodoftimeinwhichstudentsgoawayfromformaleducationandtravelorwork.____2.Thelengthofgapyearishalfayearformanystudents,buttheyarealsoallowedtogoawayforayearormorethan12months.____3.Gapyearwasgenerallyregardedbyyoungadultsasagoodchoicefortheirfuturecareerdevelopment.____4.Accordingtothepassage,around2%ofAustraliansprefertospendtheirgapyearabroadorwithintheirowncountry.____5.Recently,gapyearhasbecomemorepopularforAustralianstudents,becausetheywanttounderstandthemselvesbetterindifferentsituations.Part ⅡReadingComprehensionTFTTFⅡ.UsingtheWordsTask1Directions:Completeeachofthefollowingsentenceswiththecorrectformoftheitalicizedwordgiveninthebrackets.1.Patientscanbetreatedinmany(difference)____________settingswithvariousapproaches.2.Weareplanningtoprovide(serve)____________tosmallcompaniesinthecity.3.Yourworkplanismuchbetternow,butthereisstillroomfor(improve)____________.4.Thisresearchpaperfocuseson(health)____________lifestylesforelderlypeople.5.(Fortunate)____________,youhavemanyarticlesonlinetohelpyouinfindingajob.Part ⅡReadingComprehensiondifferentservice(s)improvement

healthyfortunately6.Winningthreegoldmedalsisthemostremarkable(achieve)________hehasmadesofar.7.Ifyouwanttobe(success)________inlife,youshouldbehonestandself-confident.8.Iam(please)___________toinformyouthatyouhavewonthefirstprize.9.Mostofthemregardtheir(person)_________informationastheirmainconcern.10.In(add)________,someTVstationsofferearlymorningnews,latenightnewsandweeklynewsmagazineprograms.Part ⅡReadingComprehensionachievementsuccessfulpleasedpersonaladditionTask2Directions:Usethewordsorphrasesintheboxtofillintheblanks.Changetheformwherenecessary.1.Ourtechnologyismoreadvanced,butothercountriesare________________us.2.Themovielostmoney;reviews,________________,wereveryfavorable.3.Everyoneintheclassisexpectedto____________thesediscussions.4.Thenumberofstaffhas__________from17,000to14,000.5.Youmaybephysicallyandmentally__________afteralongflight.Part ⅡReadingComprehensionparticipateinexhaustedtrenddeclineformaldelaycatchupwithdestinationontheotherhandindependentcatchingupwithontheotherhandparticipateindeclinedexhausted6.Thenextroomwe’regoingtoseeistheroominwhichthefamilyusedtoholdtheir__________dinnerparties.7.Whatismostnoticeableaboutthecurrent__________inhighschooleducation?8.Duetothefog,theplanearrivedatthe___________anhourlate.9.Unfortunately,themeetinghasbeen__________duetothebadweather.10.IgrewupbelievingthatIwassupposedtobetotally________andconsequentlybecamereluctanttoaskforhelp.Part ⅡReadingComprehensionformaltrenddestinationdelayedindependentⅣ.TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingEnglishsentencesintoChinese.1.Theyfeelexhaustedfromtheirhighschooleducationandwanttounderstandthemselvesbetteroutsidetheclassroom.2.Gapyearreferstoaperiodoftimeinwhichstudentsgoawayfromformaleducationandparticipateinotheractivities.3.Theythoughtthatgapyearexperiencewasagoodchoicefortheirfuturecareerdevelopment.4.Manyfamousuniversitieshaveformalpoliciesallowingstudentstodelaytheirstartofuniversitylife.5.Australiaisapopulardestinationforoverseasgapyeartravelers.Part ⅡReadingComprehension1.他们觉得上完高中已经筋疲力尽，很想在课堂外更好地了解自己。2.间隔年指一个时间段，在此期间学生不接受正规教育，而参与其他活动。3.他们认为间隔年的经历对其未来职业发展是个非常好的选择。4.许多著名大学已经正式推出了允许学生延期开始大学生活的政策。5.澳大利亚是海外体验间隔年的旅行者喜爱的目的地。文章的主题思想文章都有主题思想，文章的不同段落都是为说明文章的主题思想服务的。英语的议论文和说明文往往在文章的开头部分就会给出主题思想。换句话说，议论文和说明文的第一段往往就是文章的主题思想段。因此，在阅读此类英语文章时，对于第一段文字要特别用心去读。除了第一段文字，文章的最后一段也比较重要。这是因为，对于一般议论性文字而言，文章的最后一段往往带有总结性，对全文具有概况意义。所以，当阅读文章的第一段文字后，仍感到对文章的主题思想难以把握的时候，就有必要快速浏览文章的最后一段，看是否有助于明确文章的主题思想。Part ⅢReadingSkills文章的主题思想记叙文往往没有论点或主题段，其主题思想贯穿于文章的字里行间，对于这种文章，阅读的重点是看文章的开头部分，找出具体事实，把握作者意图，尤其是要了解文章中的人物是谁，涉及什么事件，事件发生的时间和地点，以及事件最后的结果。在把握上述事实的基础上，可以采用综合归纳的方法，概括出文章的主题思想。主题句的一般特征包括三个方面：(1)表达的意思比较概括，相对于其他句子，这种概括性比较明显；(2)句子结构简单，不采用长难句形式；(3)段落中的其他语句用来解释或扩展主题句所表达的思想。下面我们以阅读理解题为例，说明如何发现文章的主题思想。Part ⅢReadingSkills下面我们以阅读理解题为例，说明如何发现文章的主题思想。Haveyoueverwatchedachildinfrontofatelevisionset?Veryinterestingthingscanbeobserved.Achildmaybecrawlingonthefloor,playingwithhisorhertoysortalkingtohimselforherselfwhiletheshowisinprogress.However,assoonasacommercialappears,thechildstopswhatheorsheisdoingandfacesthetelevisionset,intentonthepicture,motion,andsoundcomingfromthescreen.Nomatterwhatissaid,thechildstaresatthesetuntilthecommercialhasended.Thenthechildreturnstocrawling,playingandtalking.Themagneticeffectofcommercialsonchildrenisamazing.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Children’sbehaviorsareobservedwhenTVison.B.Childrenaremagneticallyattractedbycommercials.C.Childrenarekeenonpicturesfromthescreen.D.Childrenstareatthecommercialsevenwhentheyhaveended.Part ⅢReadingSkills上面这段文字主要讨论了儿童如何被电视广告所吸引。作者一开始并没有直接说出广告对孩子的吸引力有多大，而是描述了这样一个画面：孩子本来正在地板上玩耍，摆弄自己的玩具，突然广告出现了，孩子马上停下来，眼睛直盯着广告，即使他听不懂广告里说的是什么，也要等到广告结束后再玩。文章的最后一句说，广告对孩子的吸引力真是让人吃惊。显然，这一句就是文章的主题句，对全文具有明显的概括性。因此，本题的正确选项是B。Part ⅢReadingSkills再看下面这段文字：Whenateacherorlecturerrecommendsastudenttoreadabook,itisusuallyforaparticularpurpose.Inmanycases,theteacherdoesn’tsuggestthatthewholebookshouldberead.Infact,hemayjustrefertoafewpageswhichhaveadirectbearingonthematterbeingdiscussed.Unfortunately,whenmanystudentspickupabooktoreadtheytendtohavenoparticularpurposeinmindotherthansimplyto“readthebook”.Oftentheyopenthebookandstartreading,pagebypage,linebyline,wordbyword;inotherwords,slowlyandingreatdetail.Theresultisthatstudentsfrequentlydon’thaveanoverallviewofwhattheyarereading;also,theytendtoforgetfairlysoonwhattheyhavebeenreading.Part ⅢReadingSkillsStudentscanmaketheirreadingmuchmoreeffectivebyadoptingastrategyaimedathelpingtounderstandandtorememberwhattheyread.Firstly,theyshoulddecidepreciselywhytheyarereadingthebook;perhapsit’stofindsomeinformationthat’llansweraquestion;perhapsit’stounderstandadifficultideaorargument,andsoon.Thenthestudentsshoulddecideexactlywhattheyaregoingtoread;it’sseldomnecessarytoreadthewholebook.Agoodstartingpointisthecontentspage,thechapterheadings,andeventheindexatthebackofthebook.Theyareveryusefulinhelpingtopinpointtheexactpagesthatneedtobereadcarefullyforparticularpiecesofinformation.Thepassageismainlyabout______.A.theimportanceofreadingB.theeffectivewaysofreadingC.thedifficultiesinreadingD.theincorrecthabitsofreadingPart ⅢReadingSkills文章第一段讲没有必要通读全文；第二段讲读书慢的结果是对全书内容无法准确把握；第三段讲提高阅读的方法。纵观全文我们会发现，文章的前两段实际上是为第三段作铺垫的，第三段是本文的重点段落。其中，第三段的第一句是第三段的主题句。因此，本题的正确选项是B。Part ⅢReadingSkillsPracticeDirections:Readthefollowingpassageandmakethecorrectchoice.Listeningisanextremelycomplexcommunicativeactivity.Inordertohaveabetterunderstanding,toanticipatewhatiscomingisveryimportant.Aneffectivelistenershouldcontinuouslydevelop