古诗文初中学生必背61首.汇总

初中生必背古诗文61首义务教育语文课程标准（2011年版）指定背诵篇目1、关雎《诗经》关guun关guun雎ju鸠ji必在zai河ha之zhy洲zhou。窈yao窕tiao淑shu女nu，君jun子zi好hao逑qiuo参cyn差cy荇xing菜cai，左zuo右yiu流liu之zhy。窈yao窕tiao淑shu女nu，寤wu寐mai求qiu之zhy。求qiu之zhy不bu得da，寤wu寐mai思sy月服fU。悠you哉zui悠you哉zui，辗zhan转zhuan反fan侧ca。参cyn差cy荇xing菜cai，左zuo右yiu采cai之zhy。窈yao窕tiao淑shu女nu，琴qin瑟sa友you之zhyo参cyn差cy荇xing菜cai，左zuo右yiu芼mao之zhy。窈yao窕tiao淑shu女nu，钟zh5ng鼓gu乐yua之zhy。2、蒹葭《诗经》蒹jiun葭jiu苍cung苍cung,Sbai露lu为wai霜shuung。所suo谓wai伊yy人ran，在zai水shui一yi方fung。溯su?洄hui从cing之zh旷，道dao阻zu且qiD长chang。溯su游yiu从cing之zhy，宛wan在zai水shui中zh5ng央yung。兼jiun葭jiu萋萋qyqy，白露bailu未wai晞xy。所suo谓wai伊人yyran,在zai水之湄shuizhymai溯su洄hu^从cing之zhy,道dao阻zu且qip跻jy溯su游you从cing之zhy,宛wan在zai水shui中zhong坻chi。蒹jiun葭jiu采采caicai,白露bailu未wai已yi。所谓suowai伊人yyrAn,在zai水shui之zhy涘si。溯su洄hu^从cing之zhy,道dao阻zu且qip右yiu。溯su游you从cing之zhy,宛wan在zai水shui中zhOng沚zhi。3、观沧海（三国）曹操东dong临Hn碣jia石shi,以yi观guun沧海cunghai。水shui何ha澹dan澹dan，山shun岛dao竦song峙zhi。树木shumu丛生cingshyng，百草baicao丰茂fyngmao秋风qiufyng萧瑟xiUosA，洪波hingbo涌起yongqi日月rlyuA之zhy行xing,若rui出chu其qi中zh5ng星xyng汉han灿can烂*n,若rui出chu其q^里li幸xing甚shan至zhi哉2而，歌gy以yi咏yong志zhi4、十五从军征汉乐府十五shiw立从军cingjun征zhyng,八十bUshi始shi得da归guy道dao逢fang乡里xiungli人ran：“家jiu中zhong有you阿e谁shU？”“遥yao望wang是shi君jun家上适，松柏songbai冢zhong累lpi累lpi兔tu从cing狗gou窦diu入血，雉zhi从cing梁liang上shang飞fyi中庭zhOngting生shyng旅lu谷gu，#jing上shang生shyng旅lu葵kui舂chong谷gu持ch^作饭2皿£5口，采cai葵ku^持chi作zui羹gyng羹gyng饭fan一yi时shi熟shd,不bu知zhy贝台yi阿e谁shui出chu门man东dong向xiang看女云口，泪lAi落lui沾zhun我wo衣yy。5、木兰诗北朝民歌唧jy唧jy复fu唧jy唧jy,木mu兰lan当dung户hu织zhy,不bu闻wan机jy杼zhu声shyng，惟wai闻wan女nu叹tan息xy。问wan女nu何ha所su0思sy，问wan女nu何ha所suo忆y1。女nu亦yi无wu所suo思sy，女nu亦yi无wu所suo忆y1。昨夜zuiya见jian军jun帖tiD，可ka汗han大da点dian兵byng，军jun书shu十二shiAr卷juan，卷juan卷juan有you爷ya名m^ng。阿u爷ya无wu大da儿ar，木mu兰lan无wu长zhang兄xiong，愿yuan为wai市shi鞍un马m忘，从cing止匕ci替ti爷ya征zhyng。东dong市shi买mai骏jun马ma，Wxy市shi买mai鞍un鞯jiun，南nan市shi买mai辔pai头tiu，北bpi市shi买mai长chang鞭biun。旦dan辞ci爷ya娘niang去q口，暮mu宿xiu黄huang河ha边biun，不bu闻wan爷ya娘niang唤huan女nu声shyng，但dan闻wan黄huang河ha流liu水shui鸣m^ng溅jiun溅jiun。旦dan辞ci黄huang河ha去q口，暮mu至zhi黑hyi山shun头tiu，不bu闻wan爷ya娘niang唤huan女nu声shyng，但dan闻wan燕yun山shun胡hu骑ji鸣m^ng啾jiu啾jiu万wan里li赴fu戎机ringjy,关山guunshun度du若ru1飞fyio朔shu1气q1传chuan金jyn柝tu1,寒han光guung照zhao铁tiD衣yy。将军jiungjun百bai战死zhansi，壮士zhuangsh1十年sh^nian归guy。归guy来lai见jian天tiun子z1，天tiun子zi坐zu1明m^ng堂tang。策ca勋xun十shi二ar转zhuan，赏shang赐c1百bai千qiun强qiang。可ka汗han问wan所suo欲yu，木mu兰lan不bu用ying尚shang书shu郎lang；愿yuan驰chi千qiun里li足z丘，送sing儿ar还huan故gu乡xiung。爷ya娘niang闻wan女nu来lai，出chu郭guo相xiung扶fu将jiung；阿u姊zi闻wan妹mai来lai，当dung户hu理li红hing妆zhuung；小xiao弟d1闻wan姊zi来lai，磨mi刀duo霍hui霍hui向xiang猪zhu羊yang。开kui我wo东dong阁ga门man，坐zui我wo西xy阁ga床chuang，脱tuo我wo战zhan时shi袍pao，著zhui我wo旧时jiushi裳chang，当dung窗chuung理li云鬓yunbin，对dui镜jing帖tiy花huu黄huang。出chu门man看kan火huo伴ban，火huo伴ban皆jiy惊jyng忙mang:同ting行x^ng十shi二ar年nian,不bu知zhy木mu兰lan是shi女nu郎lang。雄xiing兔tu脚jiao扑pu朔shui，雌ci兔tu眼yan迷mi离l力双shuung兔tu傍bang地di走zou，安un能nang辨bian我wo是shi雄xiing雌ci？6、饮酒（晋）陶渊明结jia庐lu在zai人ran境jing，而ar无wu车马chyma喧xuun。问wan君jun何ha能nang尔怔？心xyn远yuan地di自zi偏piun。采cai菊ju东dong篱H下*1云，悠然youran见jian南nan山shun。山shun气qi日ri夕xy佳jiu，飞fyi鸟niao相xiung与yu还huan止匕ci中zhong有you真zhyn意丫。欲yu辨bian已yi忘wang言yan7、送杜少府之任蜀州（唐）王勃城chang阙qua辅fu三sun秦qin,风fyng烟yun望wang五wu津jyn。与yu君jun离H别bia意yl,同ting是shi宦huan游yiu人ran。海hai内nai存cun知zhy己ji,天tiun涯ya若rui比bi邻Hn。无wu为wai在zai歧q^路山，儿ar女nu共ging沾zhun巾jyn。8、登幽州台歌（唐）陈子昂前qian不bu见jian古gu人ran,后hiu不bu见jian来lai者zhp。念nian天tiun地dl之zhy悠you悠you,独du怆chuang然ran而ar涕tl下xia9、次北固山下（唐）王湾客ka路lu青qyng山shun外w%,行xing舟zhou绿lu水shui前qian。潮chao平ping两liang岸an阔kui,风fyng正zhang一yi帆fun悬xuano海hai日ri生shyng残can夜ya,ffjiung春chun入ruI日jiU年nian。乡xiung书shu何ha处chu达da?归guy雁yan洛lui阳yang边biun。10、使至塞上（唐）王维单dun车chy欲yu问wan边biun,属shu国gui过gui居ju延yan。征zhyng蓬pang出chu汉han塞sai,归guy雁yan入ru胡hu天tiun。大da漠mi孤gu烟yun直zhi,长chang河ha落lui日ri圆yuan。萧xiuo关guun逢fang候hiu骑43都dou护hu在zai燕yan然ran。11、闻王昌龄左迁龙标遥有此寄（唐）李白杨yang花huu落lui尽jin子规zigug啼ti,闻wan道dao龙ling标biuo过gui五wu溪xy。我wo寄ji愁chiu心xyn与yu明月mingyua随sui君jun直zhi至Udao夜ya郎lang西xy12、春望（唐）杜甫国gui破pi山shun河ha在2云。城chang春chUn草cao木mu深shyn。感gan时sh^花huu溅jian泪lai,恨han别bia鸟niao惊jyng心xyn。烽fyng火huo连lian三sun月丫口山，家jiu书shu抵di万wan金jyn。白bai头tiu搔suo更gang短duWn,浑hun欲yu不bu胜shang簪zun。13、黄鹤楼（唐）崔颢昔xy人ran已yi乘chang黄huang鹤ha去qu,止匕ci地di空kong余yu黄huang鹤ha楼liu。黄huang鹤ha——yi去qu不bu复fu返fan,Sbai云yun千qiun载zai空kong悠you悠yOu。晴q^ng川chuun历li历li汉han阳yang树shu,芳fung草cao萋qy萋qy鹦yyng鹉wu洲zhOu。日ri暮mu乡xiung关guun何ha处chu是$山？烟yun波bo江jiung上shang使shi人ran愁chiu。14、望岳（唐）杜甫岱dai宗zong夫fu如ru何ha?齐qi鲁lu青qyng未wai了liao。造zao化hua钟zhong神shan秀xiu,阴yyn阳yang害Ugy昏hun晓xiao。荡dang胸xiong生shyng曾cang云yun,决jua眦zi入ru归guy鸟niao。会hui当dung凌l^ng绝jua顶ding,——yi览lan众zhing山shun小xiao15、行路难（唐）李白金jyn樽zun清酒qyngjiu斗dou十千$足4道口，玉yu盘pan珍zhyn羞xiu直zhi万wan钱qiano停ting杯byi投tiu箸zhU不bu能nang食sh3拔佥1」bajian四si顾gu心xyn茫然mangrano欲yu渡du黄huang河ha冰byng塞sa川chuUn,将jiung登dyng太tai行hang雪xup满man山shUn。闲xian来lai垂钓chuidia。碧bi溪xy上shang,忽hu复fu乘chang舟zhou梦mang日ri边biUn。行x^ng路lu难nan!行x^ng路lu难nan!多duo歧qi路山，今jyn安Un在zai?长chang风fyng破pi浪lang会hui有you时shi,直zh^挂gua云yun帆fun济ji沧cUng海haio16、茅屋为秋风所破歌（唐）杜甫八月bUyua秋qiu高gUo风fyng怒nu号hao,卷juan我wo屋wu上shang三sUn重ching茅maoo茅mao飞fyi渡du江jiUng洒sa江jiUng交BjiUo,SgUo者zhp挂gua胃juan长chang林l^n梢shUo,下xia者zhp飘piUo转zhuWn沉chan塘tang坳ao。南nan村cun群qun童ting欺qy我wo老lao无wu力心忍rpn能nang对dui面mian为wai盗dao贼zaio公gong然ran抱bao茅mao入ru竹zhu去qu,唇chun焦jiUo舌sha燥zao呼hu不bu得da,归guy来lai倚yi杖zhang自zi叹tan息xy。俄a顷qing风fyng定ding云yun墨mi色sa,秋qiu天tiUn漠mi漠mi向xiang昏hun黑hyio布bu衾qyn多duo年nian冷—ng似si铁tip,娇jiUo儿ar恶a卧wi踏ta里li裂lia。床chuang头tiu屋wu漏liu无wu干gUn处chu,雨yu脚jiao如ru麻ma未wai断绝duanjuaoBzi经jyng丧sung乱lu面少shao睡shui眠mian,长chang夜ya沾zhUn湿shy何ha由yiu彻cha！安un得da广guang厦sha千qiun万wan间上道口，大da庇bi天tiun下xia寒han士shi俱ju欢huun颜yan！风fyng雨yu不bu动ding安un如ru山shUn。呜wu呼hu！何ha时sh^眼yan前qian突tu兀wu见xian此ci屋wU，吾wu庐lu独du破pi受shiu冻ding死si亦yi足zu！17、酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠（唐）刘禹锡巴bu山shun楚chu水shui凄qy凉liang地d1，二ar十shi三sun年nian弃qi置zhi身shyn。怀huai旧jiu空k5ng吟y^n闻wan笛di赋fU，至Udao乡xiung翻fun似si烂lan柯ky人ran。沉chan舟zhou侧Uca畔pan千qiun帆fun过gu1,病bing树shu前qian头tiu万wan木mu春chun。今jyn日ri听tyng君jun歌gy-yi曲qu，暂zan凭p^ng杯byi酒jiU长zhang精jyng神shan。18、白雪歌送武判官归京（唐）岑参北bbi风fyng卷juan地di白bai草cao折zha,胡hu天tiun八bu月yua即ji飞fyi雪xup。忽hu如ru—yy夜ya春chun风fyng来lai,千qiun树shu万wan树shu梨H花huu开kui。散san入ru珠zhu帘lian湿shy罗lui幕mu,狐hu裘qiu不bu暖nuan锦jin衾qyn薄bi。将jiung军jun角jiao弓gong不bu得da控女面8，都dou护hu铁tip衣yy冷lpng难nWn着zhuio瀚han海hai阑lan干gun百bai丈zhang冰byng,愁chiu云yun惨can淡dan万wan里li凝nng。中zhOng军jun置zhi酒jiu饮yin归guy客kA,胡hu琴qin琵pi琶pa与yu羌qiung笛di。纷fyn纷fyn暮mu雪xup下xia辕yuan门man,风fyng掣chA红hing旗q^冻ding不bu翻fUn。轮lun台tai东dong门man送sing君jun去qu,去qu日寸sh^雪xup¥满man天tiun山shun路1U。山shun回hu^路lu转zhuan不bu见jian君jun,Wxup上shang空kong留liu马ma行x^ng处chu。19、钱塘湖春行（唐）白居易孤gu山shun寺si北bpi贾jia亭t^ng西xy,水shui面mian初chu平p^ng云yun脚jiao低dy。几ji处chu早zao莺yyng争zhyng暖nuan树shu,谁shui家jiu新xyn燕yan啄zhui春chun泥山。乱luan花huu渐jian欲yu迷m^人ran眼yan,浅qian草cao才cai能nang没mi马ma蹄ti。最zui爱ai湖hu东dong行x^ng不bu足zu,绿lu杨yang阴yyn里li白bai沙shu堤dy。19、卖炭翁（唐）白居易卖mai炭tan翁wyng,伐fa薪xyn烧shuo炭tan南nWn山shun中zhong。满man面mian尘chan灰huy烟yun火huo色sA,两liang鬓bin苍cung苍cung十sh^指zhi黑hyio卖mai炭tan得da钱qian何ha所suo营y^ng?身shyn上shang衣yy裳shang口kou中zhong食shi。可kp怜lian身shyn上shang衣yy正zhAng单dun,心xyn忧you炭tan贱jian愿yuan天tiun寒han。夜yA来lai城chang夕卜wai一yi尺chi雪xup,晓xiao驾jia炭tan车chy辗nian冰byng辙zha。牛niu困kun人ran饥jy日ri已yi高guo,市shi南nan门man夕卜wai泥n^中zhong歇xiy。翩piun翩piun两liang骑ji来lai是shi谁shui?黄huang衣yy使shi者zhp白bai衫shun儿ar。手shou把ba文wan书shu口kou称chyng敕chi,回hu^车chy叱chi牛niu牵qiun向xiang北bpi。——yi车chy炭tan,千qiun余yu斤jyn,宫gong使shi驱qu将jiung惜xy不bu得dao半ban匹pi红hing绡xiuo一yi丈zhang绫Hng,系xi向xiang牛niu头tiu充chOng炭tan直zhi。21、雁门太守行（唐）李贺黑hyi云yun压yu城chang城chang欲yu摧cuy，甲jia光guung向xiang日ri金jyn鳞l^n开kUi。角jiao声shyng满man天tiun秋qiu色sa里li，塞sai上shang燕yun脂zhy凝n^ng夜ya紫zi。半ban卷juan红hing旗qi临l^n易yi水shui，霜shuung重zhing鼓gu寒han声shyng不bu起qi。报bao君jun黄huang金jyn台tai上shang意丫1，提ti携xia玉yu龙ling为wai君jun死si。22、赤壁（唐）杜牧折zha戟ji沉chan沙shu铁tip未wai销乂适0，自zi将jiung磨mi洗xi认rAn前qian朝chaoo东dong风fyng不bu与yu周zhOu郎lang便bian，铜ting雀qua春chun深shyn锁suo二ar乔qiao。23、泊秦淮（唐）杜牧烟yun笼long寒han水shui月yua笼long沙shu，夜ya泊bi秦q^n淮huai近jin酒jiu家jiu。商shung女nu不bu知zhy亡wang国gui恨han，隔ga江jiung犹yiu唱chang后hiu庭t^ng花huu。24、夜雨寄北（唐）李商隐君jun问wan归guy期qy未wai有you期qy，巴bu山shun夜ya雨yu涨zhang秋qiu池chi。何ha当dung共ging剪jian西xy窗chuung烛zhu，去却qua话hua巴bu山shun夜ya雨yu时shi。25、无题（唐）李商隐相xiung见jian时sh^难nan另Ubia亦yi难nWn，东dong风fyng无wu力li百bai花huu残cano春chun蚕can到dao死si丝sy方fung尽jin，蜡la炬ju成chang灰huy泪lai始shi干gun。晓xiao镜jing但dan愁chiu云yun鬓bin改§沆，夜ya吟yin应yyng觉jua月yua光guung寒hano蓬pang山shun止匕ci去qu无wu多duo路1U，青qyng鸟niao殷yyn勤qin为wai探tan看kUn。26、相见欢（南唐）李煜无wu言yan独du上shang西xy楼liu，月yua如rU钩gOu。寂ji寞mi梧wu桐ting深shyn院yuan锁suo清qyng秋qiu。剪jian不bu断duan，理li还hai乱luan，是shi离H愁chiu，另bia是shi一yy番fun滋zy味wai在zai心xyn头tiu。27、渔家傲.秋思（宋）李清照塞sai下xia秋qiu来lai风fyng景jing异yi，衡hang阳yang雁yan去qu无wu留liu意yi。四si面mian边biun声shyng连lian角jiao起4力千qiun嶂zhang里li，长chang烟yun落lui日ri孤gu城chang闭bi。浊zhui酒jiu一yi杯byi家jiu万wan里li，燕yan然ran未wai勒la归guy无wu计ji。羌qiung管guan悠you悠you霜shuung满man地di，人ran不bu寐mai，将jiung军jun白bai发fa征zhyng夫fu泪lai29、登飞来峰（唐）王安石飞fyi来lai山shun上shang千qiun寻xun塔仿，闻wan说shuo鸡jy鸣ming见jian日日升shyng。不bu畏wai浮fu云yun遮zhy望wang眼丫丘，自zi缘yuan身shyn在zai最zui高guo层cang。28、浣huan溪xy沙sha（宋sing）晏yan殊shu一yi曲qu新xyn词ci酒jiu一yi杯byio去qu年nian天tiun气ql旧jiu亭t^ng台tai。夕xy阳yang西xy下xia几ji时sh^回hu^？无wu可坤奈nai何ha花huu落lui去qu，似si曾cang相xiung识sh^燕yan归guy来lai。小xiao园yuan香xiung径jing独du徘pai徊huai。30、江城子•密州出猎（宋）苏轼老lao夫fu聊liao发fu少shao年nian狂kuang，左zuo牵qiun黄huang，右yiu擎qing苍cung，锦jin帽mao貂diuo裘qiu，千qiun骑ji卷juan平p^ng冈gung。为wAi报bao倾qyng城chang随su^太tai守shOu，亲qyn射sha虎hu，看kan孙sun郎lang酒jiu酣hun胸xiong胆dan尚shang开kui张zhung。鬓bin微wyi霜shuung,又yiu何ha妨fang!持chi节jia云yun中zhOng，何ha日ri遣qian冯fang唐tang?会hui挽wan雕diuo弓gong如rU满man月yuA，西xy北bpi望wang，射sha天tiun狼lang。31、水调歌头（宋）苏轼丙bing辰chan中zhong秋qi。欢huun饮yin达da旦dan，大da醉zui，作zui止匕ci篇piun，兼jiun怀huai子zi由yiu。明ming月yua几ji时sh^有ybu？把ba酒jiU问wan青qyng天tiun。不bu知zhy天tiun上shang宫gong阙quA，今jyn夕xy是shi何ha年niano我wo欲yu乘chang风fyng归guy去qu，又yiu恐kong琼qiing楼liu玉yu宇yU，高guo处chu不bu胜shang寒卜江口。起qi舞wU弄ning清qyng影ying，何ha似si在zai人ran间jiun。转zhuWn朱zhu阁ga，低dy绮qi户hu，照zhao无wu眠mian。不bu应yyng有you恨卜山口，何ha事shi长chang向xiang别bia时sh^圆yuan？人ran有you悲byi欢huun离H合ha，月yua有you阴yyn晴q^ng圆yuan缺quy，此ci事shi古gu难nan全quanofidan愿yuan人ran长chang久ji立，千qiun里li共ging婵chan娟juun。32、渔家傲（宋）李清照天tiun接jiy云yun涛tuo连lian晓xiao雾w口，星xyng河ha欲yu转zhuan千qiun帆fun舞wU。仿fang佛fu梦mang魂hun归guy帝di所su6。闻wan天tiun语yU，殷yyn勤q^n问wan我w6归guy何ha处chu。我w6报bao路lu长chang嗟jiy日ri暮mU，学xua诗shy谩man有y6u惊jyng人ran句jU。九jiU万wan里li风fyng鹏pang正zhang举jU。风fyng休xiu住zh口，蓬pang舟zhou吹chuy取qU三sun山shun去qu！33、游山西村（宋）陆游莫mi笑xiao农ning家jiu腊la酒jiU浑hun，丰fyng年nian留liu客ka足zu鸡jy豚tun山shun重ching水shui复fu疑yi无wu路lu，柳liu暗an花huU明ming又yiu一yi村cun。箫xiuo鼓gu追zhuy随sui春chUn社sha近jin，衣yy冠guun简jian朴pu古gu风fyng存cun。从cing今jyn若rui许xu闲xian乘chang月yua，拄zhu杖zhang无wu时sh^夜ya叩kiu门man。34、南乡子.登京口北固亭怀古（宋）辛弃疾何ha处chu望wang神shan州zhou？满man眼yan风fyng光guung北bpi固gu楼liu。千qiun古gu兴xyng亡wang多duo少shao事sh1？悠yOu悠you。不bu尽jin长chang江jiung滚gun滚gun流liu年nian少shao万wan兜dou鍪miu,坐zu1断duan东dong南nan战zhan未wai休xiu。天tiun下xia英yyng雄xiing谁shui敌di手shou?曹cao刘li优生shyng子zi当dung如ru孙'sun仲zhing谋miu。35、破阵子•为陈同甫赋壮词以寄之（宋）辛弃疾醉zui里li挑tiao灯dyng看kan剑jian，梦mang回hu^吹chuy角jiao连lian营y^ng。八bu百bai里li分fyn麾huy下xia炙zhi，五wu十sh^弦xian翻fun塞sai外wai声shyng，沙shu场chang秋qiu点dian兵byng。马ma作zui的d^卢lu飞fyi快kuai，Fgong如rU霹py雳li弦xian惊jyng。了liao去却qua君jun王wang天tiun下xia事shi，赢y^ng得da生shyng前qian身shyn后hiu名m^ng。可kp怜lian白bai发fa生shyng！36、过零丁洋（宋）文天祥辛xyn苦ku遭zuo逢fang起qi—yi经jyng，干gun戈gy寥liao落lui四si周zhou星xyng。山shun河ha破pi碎sui风fyng飘piuo絮xu，身shyn世shi浮fu沉chan雨yu打da萍p^ng。惶huang恐kong滩tun头tiu说shuo惶huang恐kong，零Hng丁dyng洋yang里li叹tan零Hng丁dyng。人ran生shyng自zi古gu谁shui无wu死si?留liu取qu丹dun心xyn照zhao汗han青qyng。38、山坡羊•潼关怀古（元）张养浩峰fyng峦luan如rU聚ji波bo涛tuo如rU怒ni山shun河ha表biao里li潼ting关guun路li。望wang西xy都du，意yi踌chiu躇chU。伤shung心xyn秦q^n汉han经jyng行xing处chi宫gong阙qua万wan间jiun都dou做zui了le土tU。兴xyng，百bai姓xing苦ku；twang，百bai姓xing苦ku。39、己亥杂诗（清）龚自珍浩hao荡dang离H愁chiu白bai日ri斜*1丢，吟y^n鞭biun东dong指zhi即叮（天tiun涯ya。落lui红hing不bU是shi无wU情q^ng物wi化hua作zui春chun泥n^更gang护hi花huu。40、满江红（清）秋瑾小xiao住zhu京jyng华hua，早zao又yiu是shi，中zhong秋qiu佳ji••II;,•~u节jia。为wai篱li下xia，Whuang花huu开kui遍bian，秋qiu容ring如rU拭shio四si面mian歌gy残can终zhong破pi楚chu，八bu年nian风fyng味wai徒tU思sy浙zh客。苦ku将jiung侬ning,强qiang派pai作zui蛾a眉mai,殊shu未wai屑xia身shyn不bu得da,男nan儿ar歹列li鼠心xyn去却qua比bi,男nan儿ar烈lia!算suan平p^ng生shyng月干gun月旦dan，因yyn人ran常chang热r客。俗su子zi胸xiong襟jyn谁shui识shi我w0?英yyng雄xiing末m1路lu当dung磨mi折zh祝。莽mang红hing尘chan，彳可ha处chu觅mi知zhy音yyn?青qyng衫shun湿shy!《41、论语》十二章子zi日yuy：“学xua而ar时shi习xi之zhy,不bu亦yi说yua乎hu?有you朋pang自zi远yuan方fung来lai,不bu亦yi乐la乎hU?人ran不bu知zhy而ar不bU'愠yun,不bu亦yi君jun子zi乎hu?”（《学xua而ar》）曾zyng子zi曰yuy：“吾wu日ri三sun省xing吾wu身shyn：为wai人ran谋miu而ar不bu忠zhong乎hu?与yu朋pang友you交jiuo而ar不bu信xin乎hU?传chuan不bu习xi乎hu?”（《学xua而ar》）子zi曰yuy：“吾wu十shi有yiu五wu而ar志zhi于yu学xu祝，三sun十shi而ar立li,四si十shi而ar不bu惑hu1,五wu十shi而ar知zhy天tiun命ming,六liu十shi而ar耳怔顺shun，七qy十shi而ar从cing心xyn所suo欲yu,不bu逾yu矩jU。"（《为wai政zhang》）子z1日yuy：“温wyn故gu而ar知zhy新xyn,可kD以yi为wai师shy矣y1。"（《为wai政zhang》）子zi曰yuy：“学xua而ar不b立思sy则za罔wang,思sy而ar不bu学xua则za殆dai。"（《为wai政zhang》）子zi曰yuy：“贤xian哉zui，回hui也yp!—yi箪dun食shi，一yi瓢piao饮yin，在zai陋liu巷xiang，人ran不bu堪kun其q「忧you，回hui也yp不bu改gai其qi乐la。贤xian哉zui，回hui也yp！”（《雍yong也yp》）子zi曰yuy：“知zhy之zhy者zhp不bu如ru好hao之zhy者zhp，好hao之zhy者zhp不bu如ru乐la之zhy者zhp。"（《雍yong也yp》）子zi曰yuy：“饭fan疏shu食shi饮yin水shui，曲qu肱gong而ar枕zhpn之zhy，乐la亦yi在zai其qi中zhong矣y］。不bu义yi而ar富fu且qip贵gui，于yu我wo如ru浮fu云yun。”《述shu而ar子z1日yuy：“三sun人ran行xing，必bi有you我wo师shy焉yun。择za其qi善shan者zhp而ar从cing之zhy,其qi不bu善shan者zhp而ar改gai之zhy‘‘。（《述shu而ar》）子z1在zai川chuun上shan§，日yuy：“逝shi者zhp如ru斯sy夫fu！不bu舍shp昼zhiu夜yao”《子z1罕han》子z1日yuy：“三sun军jun可kp夺dui帅shuai也yp，匹p1夫fu不bu可kp夺dui志zhi也yp。”《子z1罕han》子z1夏xia曰yuy：“博bi学xua而ar笃du志zh1，切qia问wan而ar近jin思sy,tran在zai其qi中zhong矣y1。”《子zi张zhung》42、曹刿论战《左传》十shi年nian春chun，齐qi师shy伐fa我w6。公gong将jiung战zhan，曹cao岁Ugui请qing见jian。其qi乡xiung人ran曰yuy：“肉riu食shi者zhD谋miu之zhy,又yiu何ha间jiun焉yun?”刿gui曰yuy：“肉riu食shi者zhD鄙b1,未wai能nang远yuan谋miu。”乃nai入ru见jian。问wan:“何ha以yi战zhan?”公gong曰yuy：“衣yy食shi所su6安un,弗fu敢gan专zhuun也y卜，必bi以yi分fyn人ran。”对dui曰yuy：“小xiao惠hui未wai®bian，民m^n弗fu从cing也yD。“公gong曰yuy：“牺xy牲shyng玉yu帛bi，弗fu敢gan力口jiu也yD，必bi以yi信xin。”对dui曰yuy：“小xiao信xin未wai孚fU，神shan弗fu福fu也yD。”公gong曰yuy：“小xiao大da之zhy狱yU，虽suy不bu能nang察ch丢，必bi以yi情q^ng。”对dui曰yuy：“忠zhong之zhy属shu也y卜。可kD以yi一yi战zhan。战zhan则za请qing从cing。”公gong与yu之zhy乘chang，战zhan于yu长chang勺shao。公gong将jiung鼓gu之zhy。岁Ugui曰yuy：“未wai可kD。”齐qi人ran三sun鼓gU。岁Ugui曰yuy："可kD矣yi。"齐qi师shy败bai绩j"公gong将jiung驰chi之zhy。刿gui曰yuy：“未wai可kD。"下xia视shi其qi辙zha，登dyng轼shi而ar望wang之zhy，0yuy“可kD矣yio”遂sui逐zhu齐qi师shy既ji克kA,公gong问wan其qi故guo对dui曰yu%“夫fu战zhan，勇yong气qi也yD。一yi鼓gu作zu1气q1,再zai而ar衰shuui,三sun而ar竭jia。彼bi竭jia我wo盈ying,故gu克ka之zh,。夫fu大da国gu。难nan测Uca也yD，惧ju有you伏fu焉yun。吾wu视shi其qi辙zha乱luan，望wang其qi旗qi靡mi,故gu逐zhu之zhy43、孟子三则A、鱼我所欲也《孟子》鱼yU,我wo所suo欲yu也y卜；熊xiing掌zhang,亦yi我wo所suo欲yu也yD。二ar者zhD不bu可kD得da兼jiun,舍shD鱼yu而ar取qu熊xiing掌zhang者zhD也y9。生shyng,亦yi我wo所suo欲yu也yD；义y。亦yi我wo所suo欲yu也yD。二ar者zhD不bu可kD得da兼jiun,舍shD生shyng而ar取qu义yi者zhD也yD。生shyn9，亦yi我wo所suo欲y口，所suo欲yu有you甚shan于yu生shyng者zhD，故gu不bu为wai苟gou得de也yD；死si亦yi我wo所suo恶wU,所suo恶wu有you甚shan于yu死si者zhD，故gu患huan有you所suo不bu辟bi也yD。如ru使shi人ran之zhy所suo欲yu莫m1甚shan于yu生shyng，则za凡fan可kD以yi得de生shyng者zhD，彳可ha不bu用ying也y卜？使shi人ran之zhy所suo恶wu莫mi甚shan于yu死si者zhD，则za凡fan可kD以yi辟b1患huan者zh卜，何ha不bu为wai也yD？由yiu是shi贝Uza生shyng而ar有you不bu用ying也yD，由yiu是shi贝Uza可kD以yi辟b1患huan而ar有you不bu为wai也yD。是shi故gu所suo欲yu有you甚shan于yu生shyng者zhD，Wsuo恶wu有you甚shan于yu死si者zhD°m非fyi独du贤xian者zhD有you是shi心xyn也yD，Aran皆jiy有you之zhy，贤xian者zhD能nang勿wu丧sang耳Dr。一yi箪dun食sh3—yi豆diu羹gyng，得da之zhy贝Uza生shyng,弗fu得da则za死si。噱hu尔Dr而ar与yu之zhy，行x^ng道dao之zhy人ran弗iu受shiu；蹴cu尔Dr而ar与yu之zhy，乞qi人ran不bu屑xia也yD。万wan钟zhong贝Uza不bu辩bian礼li义yi而ar受shiu之zh旷，万wan钟zhong于yu我wo何ha力口jiu焉yun!为wai宫gong室shi之zhy美mDi，妻qy妾qia之zhy奉fang，所suo识shi穷qiing乏fa者zhD得da我wo与yu?乡xiang为wai身shyn死si而ar不bu受shiu，今jyn为wai宫gong室shi之zhy美mDi为wai之zhy；乡xiang为wai身shyn死si而ar不bu受shiu，今jyn为wai妻qy妾qia之zhy奉fang为wai之zhy；乡xiang为wai身shyn死si而ar不bu受shiu，今jyn为wai所suo识shi穷qiing乏fa者zhD得de我wo而ar为wai之zh旷：是shi亦yi不bu可kD以yi已yi乎h甘？止匕ci之zhy谓wai失shy其qi本bDn心xyn。B、富贵不能淫《孟子》景jing春chun曰yuy：“公gong孙'sun衍yan、张zhung仪yi岂qi不bu成chang大da丈zhang夫fu哉zui？一yi怒nu而ar诸zhu侯hiu‘惧ju,安un居ju而ar天tiun下xia熄xy‘‘。孟mang子zi曰yuy：“是shi焉yun得da为wai大da丈zhang夫fu乎hu？子zi未wai学xua礼li乎hU？丈zhang夫fu之zhy冠guun也y卜，父fu命ming之zhy；女nu子zi之zhy嫁jia也y卜，母m立命ming之zh旷，往wang送sing之zhy门man，戒jia之zhy曰yuy：‘往wang之zhy女ru家jiu,必bi敬jing必bi戒jia，无wu违wai夫fu子zi！’以yi顺shun为wai正zhang者zh9，妾qia妇fu之zhy道dao也y卜。居ju天tiun下xia之zhy广guang居j必立li天tiun下xia之zhy正zhang位wai，行x^ng天tiun下xia之zhy大da道dao。得da志zhi，与yu民m^n由yiu之zhy，不bu得da志zhi，独du行xing其qi道dao。富fu贵gui不bu能nang淫yin，贫pin贱jian不bu能nang移yi，威wyi武wu不bu能nang屈q必止匕ci之zhy谓wai大da丈zhang夫fu。C、生于忧患死于安乐《孟子》舜shun发fu于yu畎quan亩mu之zhy中zhong,Wfu说yua举ju于yu版ban筑zhu之zhy间jiun，胶jiuo鬲ga举ju于yu鱼yu盐yan之zhy中zhong，Wguan夷yi吾wu举ju于yu±shi，孙'sun叔shu敖ao举ju于yu海hai，百bai里li奚xy举ju于yu市shi，故gu天tiun将jiung降jiang大da任ran于yu斯sy人ran也y,必bi先xiun苦ku其qi心xyn志zh1，劳lao其qi筋jyn骨gu，饿a其qi体ti肤f必空kong乏fa其qi身shyn，行xing拂fu舌Lluan其qi所suo为wai，所suo以yi动ding心xyn忍rpn性xing,曾zyng益yi其qi所suo不bu能nang。人ran恒hang过gu1,然ran后hiu能nang改gai，困kun于yu心xyn，衡hang于yu虑lu,War后hiu作zu1,征zhyng于yu色sA,发fu于yu声shyng而ar后hiu喻y讥入ru则za无wu法fa家jiu拂bi士sh1,出chu则za无wu敌di国gui外w汨患huan者zhD，国gu丁恒hang亡wang,然ran后hiu知zhy生shyng于yu忧y5u患huan而ar死si于yu安un乐la也yD。44、《庄子》一则逍遥游（节选）北bDi冥m^ng有you鱼y丘，其qi名m^ng为wai鱼鲲kun。鱼鲲kun之zhy大d云，不bu知zhy其qi几ji千qiun里li也y卜。化hua而ar为wai鸟niao，其qi名m^ng为wai鹏pang。鹏pang之zhy背bai，不bu知zhy其qi几ji千qiun里li也y卜。怒nu而ar飞fyi，其qi翼yi若rui垂chui天tiun之zhy云yun。是shi鸟niao也y卜，海hai运yun则za将jiung徙xi于yu南nan冥m^ngoWnan冥m^ng者zh卜，天tiun池chi也yD。齐qi谐xia者zh卜，志zhi怪guai者zhD也yD。谐xia之zhy言yan曰yuy：“鹏pang之zhy徙xi于yu南nan冥m^ng也y卜，水shui击jy三sun千qiun里li，抟tuan扶fu摇yao而ar上shang者zhD九jiu万wan里li，去qu以yi六liu月yua息xy者zhD也yD。”野yD马ma也yD，尘chan埃ui也y卜，生shyng物wu之zhy以yi息xy相xiung吹chuy也yD。天tiun之zhy苍cung苍cun9，其qi正zhang色sa邪ya？其qi远yuan而ar无wu所suo至zhi极ji邪ya？其qi视shi下xia也yD，亦yi若rui是shi则za已yi矣yi。45、《礼记》一则虽有佳肴虽suy有you佳jiu肴yao，弗fu食shi，不bu知zhy其qi旨zhi也yD；虽suy有you至zhi道dao，弗fu学xua，不bu知zhy其qi善shan也yD。是shi故gu学xua然ran后hiu知zhy不bu足zu，教jiao然ran后hiu知zhy困kun。知zhy不bu足zu，然ran后hiu能nang自zi反fan也yD，知zhy困kun，然ran后hiu能nang自zi强qiang也yD。故gu曰yu%教jiao学xua相xiung长zhang也yD。《兑dui命min9》日yuy：“学xua学xua半ban"，其qi止匕ci之zhy谓wai乎hu！46、《列子》一则伯牙善鼓琴伯bi牙ya善shan鼓gu琴q^n，钟zhong子zi期qy善shan听tyng。伯bi牙ya鼓gu琴q^n，志zhi在zai高guo山shun，钟zhong子zi期qy曰yuy：“善shan哉zui，峨a峨a兮xy若ru1泰tai山shun！”志zhi在zai流liu水shui，钟zhong子zi期qy曰yuy：“善shan哉zui，洋yang洋yang兮xy若ru1江jiung河ha！"伯bi牙ya所suo念nian，钟zhong子zi期qy必bi得da之zhy。伯bi牙ya游yiu于yu泰tai山shun之zhy阴yyn，卒cu逢fang暴bao雨y立，止zhi于yu岩yan下xi云；心、xyn悲byi，乃nai援yuan琴q^n而ar鼓gu之zh旷。初chu为wai霖l^n雨yu之zhy操cuo，更gang造zao崩byng山shun之zhy音yyn。曲qu每mDi奏ziu，钟zhong子zi期qy辄zha穷qiing其qi趣qu。伯bi牙ya乃nai舍sha琴q^n而ar叹tan曰yuy：“善shan哉zui，善shan哉zui，子zi之zhy听tyng夫fu！志zhi想xiang象xiang犹yiu吾wu心xyn也y卜。吾wu于yu彳可ha逃tao声shyng哉zui？”47、邹忌讽齐王纳谏《战国策》刍邹zou忌ji修xiu八bu尺chi有you余yM,而ar形xing貌mao昳yi丽lA朝zhuo服fu衣yy冠guan，窥kuy镜jing,谓wai其qi妻qy曰yuy：“我wo孰shu与yu城chang北bpi徐xu公gong美mpi?”其qi妻qy曰yuy：“君jun美mpi甚shan，徐xu公gong何ha能nang及ji君jun也yp？"城chang北bpi徐xu公gong，齐qi国gu1之zhy美mpi丽li者zhp也yp。忌ji不bu自zi信xin，而ar复fu问wan其qi妾qia曰yuy：“吾wu孰shu与yu徐xu公gong美mpi？“妾qia曰yuy：“徐xu公gong何ha能nang及ji君jun也yp？”旦dan日r1，客ka从cing夕卜wai来lai，与yu坐zu1谈tan，问wan之zhy客ka曰yuy：“吾wu与yu徐xu公gong孰shu美mpi?”客ka曰yuy：“徐xu公gong不bu若ru1君jun之zhy美mpi也yp。“明m^ng日ri徐xu公gong来lai,孰shu视shi之zh旷，自zi以yi为wai不bu如ru；窥kuy镜jing而ar自zi视shi,又yiu弗fu如1u远yuan甚shan。暮mu寝qin而ar思sy之zhy,曰yuy：“吾wu妻qy之zhy美mpi我wo者zhp,私sy我wo也yp；妾qia之zhy美mpi我wo者zhp,畏wai我wo也yp；客ka之zhy美mpi我wo者zhp,欲yu有you求qiu于yu我wo也yp。"于yu是shi入ru朝chao见jian威wyi王wang,曰yuy：“臣chan诚chang知zhy不bu如ru徐xu公gong美mpi。臣chan之zhy妻qy私sy臣chan,臣chan之zhy妾qia畏wai臣chan,臣chan之zhy客ka欲yu有you求qiu于yu臣chan，皆jiy以yi美mpi于yu徐xu公gong。今jyn齐qi地di方fung千qiun里l1,百bai二ar十shi城chang,宫gong妇fu左zuo右yiu莫m1不bu私sy王wan§,朝chao廷t^ng之zhy臣chan莫mi不bu畏wai王wang,四si境jing之zhy内nai莫mi不bu有you求qiu于yu王wang：由yiu止匕ci观guan之zhy，王wang之zhy蔽bi甚shan矣yi‘‘。王wang曰yuy:“善shan。”乃nai下xia令ling：“群qun臣chan吏li民m^n能nang面mian刺ci寡gua人ran之zhy过gu1者zh,受shiu上shang赏shang；上shang书shu谏jian寡gua人ran者zh氏受shiu中zhong赏shang；能nang谤bang讥jy于yu市shi朝chao，闻wan寡gua人ran之zhy耳怔者zh,受shiu下xia赏shang。"令ling初chu下xi云，群qun臣chan进jin谏jian，门man庭t^ng若rui市shi；数shu月yua之zhy后hiu，时shi时shi而ar间jian进jin；期jy年nian之zhy后hiu，虽suy欲yu言yan，无wu可kD进jin者zhD。燕yun、赵zhao、韩han、魏wai闻wan之z