语法课件非谓语动词

非谓语动词1.不定式todo2.现在分词doing3.过去分词done不定式todo：动作发生在谓语之后1.作定语e.g.:wehavemuchworktodo.2.状语Thisisdifficulttounderstand.3.主语Toliveistowork.Toerrishuman;toforgive,divine.4.表语Hisjobistoteachenglish.5.宾语补足语Asktomtogoback.1.动词+宾语object+todo1).want,ask,helpexpect,beg,mean,wouldlike,wouldpreferHedoesn’twanttoknow.Hedoesn’twantanybodytoknow.2).tell,remind,force,enable,teach,order,warn,invite,persuade,getCanyouremindmetophoneAnntomorrow?Jimsaidtheswitchwasdangerousandwarnedmenottotouchit.Notice:suggest后不跟不定式JanesuggestedthatIshouldbuyadress.2.两种结构,+doing/todo.Advise,mend,encourageallowpermitforbid.1).V+doingIwouldn’tmendstayinginthathotel.Shedoesn’tallowsmokinginthehouse.2).V+object+todoIwouldn’tmendanyonetostayinthathotel.Shedoesn’tallowustosmokeinthehouse.Trycomparing:Smokingisn’tallowedinthehouse.Wearen’tallowedtosmokeinthehouse.3.形容词adj+toItis+adj(forsb)+todoItisimportanttodosomesports.Shewasreluctanttoaccepthisinvitation.Yourwritingisimpossibletoread.=itisimpossibletoreadit.Itisnice(ofyou)todosth.Itwasniceofyoutotakemetothestation.Kindcleversensiblemeansillystupidcareless4.放在代词（what,who,which)或副词（how,when,where)连词whether之后Iwonderwhotoinvite=whoIshouldinvite.ShowuswhattodoIdon’tknowwhethertoanswerhisletter.(if)Whynotaskhim?(exceptional)5.独立成分Tobeginwith,totellthetruth,tomakealongstoryshort,sotospeak,tobebrief/frank/honest,tosaynothingof,tosaytheleasttomakealongstoryshort,heisinhospitalnow.6.Tohavedone.(不定式的完成式).

动作发生在谓语之前Tohaveknownherisaprivilege.ThegamewasoriginallyscheduledtohavetakenplaceinRome.Thehouseseemstohavebeenbuiltbyanexcellentarchitect.被动表示打算，需要，计划等动词后，表示本打算做但事实上没实现的动作。(过去没完成的动作)Mean,intend,think,plan,hope,wish,proposeImeanttohavetelephoned,butIforgot.7.不定式被动式tobedone1.thebookisintendedtobereadandnottobetorn.Givemealistofpeopletoinvite/tobeinvited.Thecasestobeinvestigatedarenottobemadepublicinpress.We’vegotalotofcasestoinvestigate.Thequestiontobediscussedatthenextmeetingwillbeahardnuttocrack.7.too…toTheboxistooheavyformetoevenmove.Exceptional:Too前有only,but,all,really修饰是，表肯定Iamonlytoopleasedtohelpyou.

动词不定式省略TO的情况MakeHearListentoFeelSeeWatchHaveLetThecustomsofficermadesallyopenhercase.Passivevoice:sallywasmade

toopenhercasebythecustomsofficer.Gerund(动名词）：具有名词特征主动语态被动语态一般式doingBeingdone完成式HavingdoneHavingbeendone1主语

tryingwithoutsuccessisbetterthannottryingatall.2.表语Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.Seeingisbelieving.Themaintaskofourgovernmentiseliminatingpoverty,diseaseandilliteracy.3.定语Swimmingpool4.宾语Iobjecttochildrenbeingsenttoanurseryatsuchanearlyage.5.同位语Hisambition,conqueringthewholeworld,hasneverbeenfulfilled.只用动名词的情况FinishenjoysuggestpractiseMindExcuseConsiderFeellikeImagineRiskAvoidputoffgiveupkeeponcan’thelp/resist(can’thelpbutdo,cann’tchoosebutdo)Beworthdoing,beworthyofbeingdone/tobedonebebusydoing1.itisnouse…./itisnogood

doingsth.Thereisnopointindoing.Itis(not)worthdoingThereisnothingyoucandoaboutthesituation,soitisnouseworryingaboutit.Thereisnopointinhavingacarifyouneveruseit.Wasthefilmworthseeing?Didyouhaveanydifficultygettingavisa?WehavealotoffuncyclingaroundthePearlRiver.2.Havedifficulty/trouble/problem/alotoffun/ahardtime/doingsth

3.Awasteofmoney…/awasteoftimeItwasawasteofmoneybuyingthingsyoudon’tneed.Hespenthourstryingtorepairtheclock.Shewastoobusydoingotherthings.4.动名词的复合结构,做主语或宾语Tom’cominghomeatlastwasagreatconsolation.Doyoumindmymakingasuggestion:?Itisnousehimarguingwithhisboss.IamannoyedaboutJohnforgettingtopay.6.havingdone

表示已完成的行为

HenarrowlyescapedbeingrunOver.Hedeniedhavingbeenthere.Hepridedhimselfonhavingneverbeenbeateninchess.特殊情况NeedWant+doingRequire

被动Need/want/requiretobedoneEg:1.Ineedtoworkharder.=Itisnecessaryformetoworkharder.2.sthneedsdoing=sthneedstobedone.Thebatteriesintheradioneedchanging.=Theyneedtobechanged.用need和下列词组造句.Shoes/polishshirt/irontyre/mend

Trousers/shortendoor/paintpencil/sharpenEg:Thepencilneedssharpenig.2.3.4.56Dreadgoing,fanciestakingup,adorealimbing,Detestgettingstuck,feellikehaving,can’tbearbeingtold,giveupplaying,carryondriving.1.A:theygotothemountainseveryweekend.B:yes,they__________2.A:ohdear,onlyanother3days’holidaysB:yes,I_________________backtoschool.3.A:oh,justlookatthetrafficahead.B:oh,no.I__________intrafficjams4.A:let’sstopforsthtoeat.There’sarestaurantinafewmilesB:Idon’tknow.Ithinkweshould_______andgethomeasquicklyaspossible.5.A:sheisaverygoodactress,andshe’sonly15,youknow.B:yes,shereally_____actingasacareer.6.A:jackhatesbeinginthearmy.B:yes,he________whattodoallthetime.7.A:mygradfatehr’snearlyeightyandhestillenjoysagameoftennis.B:Idon’tthinkhe‘llever_____8.A:areyoutakingaholidaythissummer?B:Ihopeso.Icertainly________acoupleofweeksoff.用下列动词的不定式或ing形式填空。Enjoyknocklearnphoneplayrainshoutstay1.istarted_____frenchwhenIwenttoschool2.itried______PeterandMollythreetimes,buttherewasnoanswer.3.itisawfullycoldwinter,butthekidsstilllove____outsideinthesnow.4.theweatherwasfinewhenwesetoff,butitsoonstarted_______5.i’llbeinmyoffice.don’tbother_____,justcomestraightin.6.Joejustlosthistemperandbegan______ateveryone.7.itisapitywehavetogohomenow.wewerejustbeginning______ourselves.8.wedon’tgooutmuchintheevening.Weprefer_____athome.分词:现在分词和过去分词,有形容词和动词作用Doyouknowthemancarryingalotofbooks?Heisanattackingplayer.Astandingcommittee常务委员会Alittlechildlearningtowalkoftenfalls.=alittlechildwholearnstowalkoftenfalls.现在分词的三种形式主动式1.doing2.havingdone3.nothavingdone被动式BeingdoneHavingbeendoneNothavingbeendone同时发生:同一个主语的两个行为同时发生时,其中一个可用doing形式1.Walkinginthestreet,Imetoneofmyfriends.(whenIwaswalkinginthestreet,Imetoneofmyfriends.)2.Amanranoutofthehouse,shouting.(先后)3.Whilehelpinganimals,wewillbehelpingourselves,too.Havingdone:一个行为发生在另一个行为之前1.Havingfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.=Afterhavingfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.(Afterhefinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.)Havingdone的否定式Nothavingheardfromherhusband,shebegantoworryabouthim.Beingdone:doing的被动式Thebridgebeingbuiltcostalotofmoney.Beingawayfromhomeatanearlyage,childrencandevelopindependence,selfconfidenceandsocialskills.Havingbeendone:havingdone的被动式Havingbeencaughtintherain,hegotacold.Havingbeendone的否定式NothavingbeenadmittedbyHKuniversity,hewentabroadforfurtherstudy.Ing的特殊用法表示解释某事或说明原因,常放句首Feelingtired,Iwenttobed.(becauseIfelttired.)Beingunemployed,hehasn’tgotmuchmoney.Nothavingacar,shefindsitdifficulttogetaround.Havingalreadyseenthefilmtwice,Ididn’twanttogotothecinema.过去分词done表示被动意义

Givenmoretime,wecandoitbetter.ThepornographyspreadbytheInternethascorruptedthemindsoftheyoungpeople.Withoutstrictdiscipline,childrenareunlikelytobewell-behaved.Manypedestriansarepenalizedaccordingtothenewlyissuedregulations.Keptinzoos,somerareanimalscanenjoybetterlivingconditionsandprofessionalcareandtreatment.weoftenfindourselvescaughtinadilemmawhetherweshouldsendourchildrentoaboardingschooloradayschool.Televisionnotonlypresentsavividworldtous,butalsokeepsuswell-informed.Deeplyinfluencedbyexcessivepornographyandviolenceonthenet,someteenagersgoastray.1.hepreferstostayhere___gohome.A.thantob.ratherthanc.ratherthantod.than2.Icouldn’tdoanythingbut___thereandhope.A.justsitb.justsittingc.justtositd.justtositting3.whyshouldanyonebother___histreasuretohelpastranger?A.riskingtoloseb.torisklosingc.riskinglosingdtorisktolose

5.hecan’thelp___afterheheardthenews.A.burstingintotearsb.burstintotears.C.burstingouttearsd.burstoutcrying6.___thedemandsofaerospace,medicine,andagriculture,engineersarecreatingexoticnewmetallicsubstances.A.meet,bbeingmetarec,tomeetd.theyaremeeting7.thelocalhealthorganizationisreported__twentyyearsagowhenDr.smithsbecameitsfirstpresident.A.tobesetupb.beingsetupc.tohavebeensetupD.havingbeensetup.8.In1938PearlS,Buckbecamethefirstamericanwoman___theNoblelprizeforliterature.A.receiveb.receivedc,toreceived.shereceived.9.itisawasteoftime___withsuchasillyfellow.A.tryingtoreasonb.triedtoreasonC,fortryingtoreasond.totryingreasoning10.Idon’tthinkyouwillhaveanydifficulty___adrivinglicense.A..Forgettingb.togetc.havinggotd.getting11.tedhastoldmethathealwaysescapes____ashehasgotaveryfastsportscar.A.tofine,b.Tobefinedc.beingfinedd.havingbeenfined.12.Thereseemedlittlehopethattheexplorer,____inthetropicalforest,wouldfindhiswaythroughit.A.tobedesertedb.havingdesertedC,tohavebeendesertedd.havingbeendeserted13.onlyasmallportionofcollegeyouthhaveactuallybeendraftedandsenttofightinVietnam,as___tothenation‘spreviouswars.A.comparedb.comparingc,comparisond.beingcompared.14