高考英语一轮复习小题强化练习专题03形容词和副词（含解析）

专题03形容词和副词限时：（35分钟）（基础题）单句语法填空Whydidtheygothen?Well,theywantedtodosomething__________(use).Thesweepofthelandandthestoicism（坚忍）ofthepeoplemovehertosome__________(beauty)writing.Theycoulddo__________(precise)thesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themore__________(regular)theycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespend__________(approximate)20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbe__________(danger)workthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews'efforts.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorun__________(autonomous).However,dataofthefirstsixmonthsshoweditwouldmake__________(little)thanhalfthisamount.Fruitjuices,milk-baseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallcompaniesmanufacturing__________(few)than1mlitresperyear.Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild,thebirdshaveproved__________(skill)attoolusewhilekeptinthecage.Fromseeingthewildlifetowitnessingsunrises,thewholeexperiencewas__________(amaze).Therealizationthatthisisapreciousland,toberespectedbyhumans,wasoneofthe__________(big)thingsthathithometoGinni.Then,oneafteranother,Sydneydiscoveredlotsofthingsthatwerejustsortofthere—broadparks,superbbeaches,anda__________(culture)diversepopulation.AndrewReynolds,a__________(cheer)fellowinhisearly30s,pilotsSydneyferryboatsforaliving.EverywhereinSydneythesedays,changeandprogressarethewatchwords(口号),andtraditionsare__________(increasing)rare.__________(addition),fromtimetotimeIwillassigngroupworktobecompletedinclassorshortassignmentstobecompletedathome,bothofwhichwillbegraded.Even__________(bad),IhadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuchCurtinisCEOofDCCentralKitcheninWashington,D.C.,whichrecoversfoodandturnsitinto__________(health)meals.I’menjoyingthe__________(create)activities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseful.Therearenow700elderlypeoplelookingafterhensin20carehomesintheNorthEast,andthecharityhasbeengiven__________(finance)supporttorollitoutcountrywide.Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnot__________(necessary)remainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeand__________(culture)evolution.__________(lucky),Iwasabletocatchthemandputthemback.WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewithan__________(astonish)varietyofwildlife.__________(unfortunate),ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Manypeoplenowmisunderstand__________(emotion)intelligenceasalmosteverything__________(desire)inaperson'smakeupthatcannotbemeasuredbyanIQtest,suchascharacter,motivation,confidence,mentalstability,optimismand“peopleskills.Theabilityto__________(accurate)understandhowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctortofindhowbesttohelpherpatients,whileacheatermightuseittocontrolpotentialvictims.Heleftaftersevenmonths,__________(physical)brokenandhavinglosthismind.Thetestsshowthatthe__________(society)environmentis__________(extreme)influentialwhenwe’remakingdecisions.__________(globe),athirdofSumatrancubsinzoosdon'tmakeittoadulthood,soIdecidedtogivethemround-the-clockcareathome.Thesedays,safetyregulations-nottomentionthemodernsportsfan’sdesireforagoodviewanda__________(comfort)seat-tendtokeepstadiumcapacities（容量）slightlylower.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthe__________(big)source(来源)ofplasticpollution,butthey’ve__________(recent)comeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon’tneedthemtodrinkwithand,becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled.__________(annoy)bythelevelofdistraction(干扰)inhisopenoffice,hesaid,“That’swhyIhaveamembershipatthecoworkingspaceacrossthestreet—soIcanfocus.It’strue,the__________(old)Iget,themoreIfeeltimehaswings.The__________(long)trackandfieldeventattheSummerOlympicsisthe50-kilometerracewalk,whichisaboutfivemiles__________(long)thanthemarathon.Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectof__________(science)research.Key:1.useful2.beautiful3.precisely4.regularly5.approximately6.dangerous7.autonomously8.less9.fewer10.skilful/skillful11.amazing12.biggest13.cultural14.cheerful15.increasingly16.Additionally17.worse18.healthy19.creative20.financial21.necessarily22.Luckily23.astonishingUnfortunately25.emotional;desirable26.accurately27.physically28.society29.Globally30.comfortable31.biggest;recently32.Annoyed33.older34.longest;longer35.scientific（能力题）AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay,thebirthplaceofteaandthe（large）tea-producingcountry,Chinahasa（responsible）toworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.（2022全国乙卷）Caobelievesthiswillmakethehikingtripevenmore______(meaning).Thetwoofthemcollectedmorethan1,000plasticbottlesalongthe40-dayjourney.（2022全国甲卷）Inthelastfiveyears,Caohaswalkedthrough34countriesinsixcontinents,andin2016,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro,Africa’s______(high)mountain.（2022全国甲卷）TheGPNP’smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparatepopulationsandhomesofgiantpandas,and______(eventual)achieveadesiredlevelofpopulationinthewild.(2022新高考卷)Itwill________(undoubted)helpyougetrefreshed!(2021新高考一卷)Theamazingthingaboutthespringisthatthecolderthetemperaturegets,the________(hot)thespring!(2021新高考一卷)Strange,isn’tit?Butthat’shownatureis—alwaysleavingus________(astonish).(2021新高考一卷)Inthe18thand19thcenturies,___（wealth）peopletravelledandcollectedplants,historicalobjectsandworksofart.(2020新高考一卷)Historical（accurate）isimportantbutsoisentertainment.(2020新高考一卷)Iwasso________(excite)whenhewrotebacktome.Hesaidhewouldmakesurethatthecompanycutitsuseofplasticstrawsinhalf.(2021新高考II卷)Atthesametime,computergamesarebecomingincreasinglypopularasmajorpublishinghousescontinuetodevelop（education）computerprogramsforchildreninpreschool.(2020新高考II卷)Provide________(finance)aidandotherbenefitsforlocalpeoples.(2021全国一卷)Landingonthemoon’sfarsideis(extreme)challenging.(2020全国一卷)Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen(poor)studied.(2019全国一卷)Scientistshaverespondedbynotingthathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(错觉)thatpopulationsare(high)thantheyactuallyare.(2019全国一卷)Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears(long)thannon-runners.(2018全国一卷)Runningischeap,easyandit’salways(energy).(2018全国一卷)Even(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.(2017全国一卷)Thetitlewillbe(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.(2016全国一卷)Heryearsofhardworkhave______(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire'sWomanOfTheYear.(2019全国二卷)Atasteformeatis(actual)behindthechange:Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens,pigs,andcattle.(2018全国二卷)AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal(globe)fertilizerconsumption.(2018全国二卷)Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork,youshouldtakeastepbackandidentify(识别)thoseof__(great)andlessimportance.(2016全国二卷)Recent(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaks___(regular).(2016全国二卷)Onedaytheemperorwantedtogethisportrait(画像)donesohecalledallgreatartiststocomeandpresenttheir______(fine)work,sothathecouldchoosethebest.(2020全国三卷)Asthesmallboatmoved______(gentle)alongtheriverhewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.(2020全国三卷)Theyalsosharedwithusmany______(tradition)storiesaboutHawaiithatwere______(huge)popularwithtourists.(2021全国三卷)Key:1.largest;responsibility2.meaningful3.highest4.eventually5.undoubtedly6.hotter7.astonished8.wealthy9.accuracy10.excited11.educational12.financial13.extremely14.poorly15.higher16.longer17.energetic18.worse19.officially20.finally21.actually22.global23.greater24.studies;regularly25finest26.gently27.traditional;hugely（真题/新题）模块综合练03（2022全国卷乙卷）完形填空Youngchildrenacrosstheglobeenjoyplayinggamesofhideandseek.Forthem,there'ssomethinghighlyexcitingabout41someoneelse'sglanceandmakingoneselfunabletobeseen.However,weallwitnessthatpreschoolchildrenareremarkably42athiding.Theyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestoftheirbodies43.Foralongtime,thisineffectivehidingmethodwas44asevidencethatchildrenarehopelessly"egocentric"（自我中心的）creatures.Butour45researchresultsinchilddevelopmentalpsychology46thatidea.Webroughtyoungchildrenaged2-4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC.Each47satdownwithanadultwhocoveredherowneyesor48.Wethenaskedthechildifshecould49orheartheadult.Surprisingly,childrenrepliedthattheycouldn't.Thesame50happenedwhentheadultcoveredherownmouth:51childrensaidthattheycouldn't52toher.Anumberof53ruledoutthatthechildrenmisunderstoodwhattheywerebeingasked.Theresultswereclear:Ouryoungsubjects54thequestionsandknew55whatwasaskedofthem.Their56tothequestionsreflectedtheirtrue57that"Icanseeyouonlyifyoucanseeme,too."Theysimply58mutual（相互的）recognitionandregard.Our59suggestwhenachild"hides"byputtingablanketoverherhead,itisnotaresultofegocentrism.Infact,childrenconsiderthismethod60whenothersuseit.41.A.followingB.takingC.escapingD.directing42.A.cleverB.badC.scaredD.quick43.A.exposedB.examinedC.untouchedD.imbalanced44.A.supportedB.guaranteedC.imaginedD.interpreted45.A.disappointingB.mixedC.surprisingD.desired46.A.explainedB.confirmedC.contradictedD.tested47.A.parentB.childC.researcherD.doctor48.A.feetB.noseC.handsD.ears49.A.seeB.helpC.reachD.fool50.A.eventB.thingC.actionD.accident51.A.YetB.NowC.SoonD.Once52.A.speakB.listenC.tumD.wave53.A.instructionsB.descriptionsC.experimentsD.assumptions54.A.comprehendedB.predictedC.exploredD.ignored55.A.partlyB.honestlyC.vaguelyD.exactly56.A.responsesB.approachesC.contributionD.sensitivity57.A.abilityB.beliefC.identityD.purpose58.A.holdbackB.relatetoC.insistonD.makeup59.A.limitationsB.requirementsC.theoriesD.findings60.A.tentativeB.impressiveC.creativeD.effective体裁：说明文主题：人与社会——儿童捉迷藏【语篇导读】全世界的儿童都喜欢玩捉迷藏，但事实表明学前儿童不擅于躲藏。以往的研究将此现象归因于小孩子太过以自我为中心，而本文中的最新研究成果驳斥了这一观点，认为真正原因在于小孩子坚信与他人之间的“相互认可和关注”。【段意梳理】第一段：人们对儿童捉迷藏现象的普遍认知。第二段：介绍儿童玩捉迷藏游戏时的奇怪现象。第三段：最新研究与普遍认知向左。第四段：最新研究实验过程。第五段：最新研究结果：学前儿童不擅于躲藏，真正原因在于小孩子坚信与他人之间的“相互认可和关注”。【答案及解析】C【解析】由上文playinggamesofhideandseek玩捉迷藏游戏和下文makingoneselfunabletobeseen的提示可知，此处指避开(escaping)别人的视线，让自己不被人看到。A.following跟随；B.taking取走；C.escaping避开；D.directing指导。根据上文“Youngchildrenacrosstheglobeenjoyplayinggamesofhideandseek.”。42.B【解析】根据下文Theyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestoftheirbodies.…和第三段首句中ineffectivehidingmethod的提示可知，幼儿园小朋友很不擅长(bad)躲藏。A.clever聪明的；B.bad不擅长的；C.scared害怕的；D.quick快的。根据下文“Theyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestoftheirbodies”可知，儿童不擅长隐藏，bebadatsth.表示“不擅长某事”。A【解析】由前半句Thevoftencoveronlytheireveswiththeirhands可推断小朋友躲藏时只用手盖住他们自己的眼睛，身体其他部分还都暴露(exposed)在外，没有藏好。A.exposed无遮蔽的；B.examined已检查过的；C.untouched未受影响的；D.imbalanced失衡的。44.D【解析】联系上下文可知，长久以来，儿童躲藏时只遮住自己眼睛的做法成了“儿童是极其以自我为中心的人”这一结论的证据。由本段最后一个词idea的提示也可推断，这只是人们的一种观点和理解方式，故interpreted符合语境。A.supported支持；B.guaranteed保证；C.imagined想象；D.interpreted解释。45.C【解析】本句中But提示语义转折，再联系第四段中Surprisingly，childrenrepliedthattheycouldn’t.以及最后一段中得出的完全不同于以往观点的结论…itisnotaresultofegocentrism，可推断，此处的researchresults是出人意料、令人惊讶的，故surprising符合语境。A.disappointing令人失望的；B.mixed混合的；C.surprising令人惊讶的；D.desired渴望的。46.C【解析】联系最后一段中…itisnotaresultofegocentrism.可知，作者所在团队的研究成果与以往的传统观点大相径庭，contradicted在此表示“(陈述或证据)相抵触，相矛盾”，符合语境。A.explained解释；B.confirmed证实；C.contradicted相矛盾；D.tested测试。47.B【解析】由本段首句Webroughtyoungchildren…及本空下一句中thechilo的提示可推断，此处跟成年人坐在一起的是受邀参加实验的每一位儿童(child)。A.parent父母亲；B.child儿童；C.researcher研究员；D.doctor医生。48.D【解析】由下一句中…orheartheadult的提示可推断，此处指参加实验的成年人要捂住自己的眼睛或耳朵(ears)。A.feet脚；B.nose鼻子；C.hands手；D.ears耳朵。49.A【解析】由上一句中anadultwhocoveredherowneyes的提示可推断，此处要问受试儿童能否看到(see)那位成年人。A.see看见；B.help帮助；C.reach到达；D.fool欺骗。50.B【解析】联系下文可知，研究人员继续让参与实验的成年人捂住了嘴，孩子们答复时依然给出了否定的答案，由此可推断，之后又发生了同样的事(thing)。注意:本题四个选项的词义相近，但各有其不同的适用语境，需注意辨析词义的差别。event意为“(尤指)重要事情，大事”，action意为“行动”，accident意为“事故，意外”，三词均不符合语境。51.B【解析】本句中的冒号有提示下文的作用，因此，冒号之后的内容应顺承前半句的逻辑，而非引起句意转折。由冒号前Thesame…happened…的提示及冒号后小孩子们做出的与之前一样的否定答复可推断，此处应填Now，用以说明本次的实验结果。A.Yet然而；B.Now此刻；C.Soon很快；D.Once一次。52.A【解析】由本句中冒号前.….theadultcoveredherownmouth可推断，小孩子们这次是说他们不能与那个成年人讲话(speak)。A.speak说；B.listen听；C.turn转；D.wave挥手。53.C【解析】根据上文对受试儿童所做的多轮实验可推断，是大量的实验(experiments)排除了孩子们误解所提问问题的可能性。A.instructions命令；B.descriptions说明；C.experiments实验；D.assumptions假设。54.A【解析】根据上一句……ruledoutthatthechildrenmisunderstoodwhattheywerebeingasked可知，这些年幼的实验对象并没有误解所提问题，即他们能够理解(comprehend)被提问的问题。A.comprehended理解；B.predicted预测；C.explored探索；D.ignored忽略。55.D由本句冒号前的半句Theresultswereclear…可推断，实验结果是清楚、确切的，受试儿童们完全(exactly)明白他们被提问到的问题。exactly在此有表示强调的意味。A.partly部分地；B.honestly诚实地；C.vaguely含糊地；D.exactly确切地。56.A【解析】由上文可知，受试儿童们被反复问及一系列问题，并对这些问题一-做出答复(responses)。A.responses回答；B.approaches方法；C.contribution贡献；D.sensitivity敏感性。57.B【解析】本空后的that在此引导同位语从句，下文引号中的…Icanseeyouonlyifyoucanseeme,too.是一种“看法”，而非“能力”“身份”或“目的，故belief符合语境。A.ability能力；B.belief看法；C.identity身份；D.purpose目的。58.C【解析】根据上文实验中受试儿童们一以贯之的相同答复可知，他们始终坚持(insiston)相信与他人之间的“相互认可和关注”。A.holdback阻止；B.relateto有关联；C.insiston坚持；D.makeup弥补。59.D【解析】本段最后两句是实验结论，由此可推断，suggest前的空白处应填与实验结果相关的内容，findings符合语境。A.limitations限制；B.requirements必要条件；C.theories理论；D.findings调查发现。60.D【解析】按照本段所提及儿童的看法“只有当你也能看到我时，我才能看见你”，当别人把毯子蒙到头上时，对方是看不见自己的，因而自己也看不到对方，在这种情况下，躲藏就“成功”了。因此，在这些儿童看来，这种方法是有效的(effective)。另外，从文章第三段中的thisineffectivehidingmethod也可得到提示。A.tentative实验性的；B.impressive令人印象深刻的；C.creative创造性的；D.effective有效的。语法填空May21stthisyearmarksthefirstInternationalTeaDay,whichwasnamedofficially61theUnitedNationsonNovember27th,2019.Tocelebrate62festival,anumberofeventstookplaceattheChineseBusinessmanMuseuminBeijingonThursday.ThechairmanoftheChinaCulturePromotionSociety63（address）theopeningceremony."AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay,thebirthplaceofteaandthe64（large）tea-producingcountry,Chinahasa65（responsible）toworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.Itcanhelptobuildacommunitywitha66（share）futureformankind,"hesaid.The"FirstInternationalTeaDayTeaRoadCooperativeInitiative"issued（发布）attheceremonycallsforpeopleworkingintheteaindustrytocometogethertopromoteinternationalcooperation67culturalexchanges.Afour-yearteapromotion—TeaRoadCooperativePlan—wasalsoissuedinaccordancewiththeinitiative.68（strengthen）theconnectionwithyoungpeople,theeventincludedanumberofpublicpromotionalactivitiesonsocialmedia,69（invite）twenty-nineteaprofessionalsfromaroundtheworldtohavethirty-sixhoursofuninterruptedlivebroadcasts.TheChineseAncientTeaMuseumwasofficiallyunveiled（揭幕）attheceremony,opening70（it）firstexhibition:TheAvenueofTruth—ASpecialExhibitionofPu'erTea.体裁：说明文主题：人与社会——国际茶日【语篇导读】文章主要介绍了为了庆祝第一个国际茶日，中国商会博物馆所举办的一系列活动。【段意梳理】第一段：介绍国际茶日的具体时间。第二段：中国文化促进会的主席在第一个国际茶日的致辞。第三段：第一个国际茶日的倡议。第四和五段：国际茶日所做出的宣传与推广。by【解析】考查介词。句意：2019年11月27日，联合国正式将5月21日定为第一个国际茶日。根据句意可知，此处表达“被联合国在5月21日命名”。表示被动，使用固定结构“be+过去分词+by”。故填by。the【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了庆祝这一节日，周四在北京的中国商人博物馆举行了一系列活动。特指InternationalTeaDay这一节日，所以用定冠词the。故填the。addressed【解析】考查时态。句意：中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故填addressed。64.largest【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据定冠词the和常识可知，中国是最大产茶国，所以用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。65.responsibility【解析】考查名词。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。66.shared【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这有助于构建人类命运共同体。此处为非谓语动词做定语来修饰名词future。非谓语动词share和名词future之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填shared。67.and【解析】考查连词。句意：仪式上发布的“首个国际茶日万里茶道合作倡议”呼吁茶业人士团结起来，促进国际合作和文化交流。名词internationalcooperation和culturalexchanges为并列成分，作动词promote的宾语。故填and。68.Tostrengthen【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知，此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”，需要用不定式作目的状语。故填Tostrengthen。69.inviting【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一