人教版八年级上册英语Unit2知识点梳理及语法讲义（学生版）

八年级上册英语Unit2知识点与语法精讲精练词汇梳理词汇梳理完成单词梳理：名词：1.家务劳动2.（国际）互联网3.节目4.无用的东西5.咖啡6.健康7.结果；后果8.百分之……9.电视机10.头脑；心智11.身体12.作者；作家13.牙科医生14.杂志；期刊动词：1.消失；死亡；灭亡代词：1.没有一个；毫无副词：1.几乎不；几乎没有2.在任何时候；从来；曾经3.一次；曾经4.两次；两倍5.大概；或许；可能6.在一起；共同7.然而；不过8.几乎；差不多介词：1.以；凭借；穿过连词：1.虽然；尽管；即使形容词：1.忙的；满的；充满的兼类词：1.（n）摆动；秋千（v）使……摆动；摇摆2.（adv）最小；最少（adj/pron）最小的；最少的3.（adj/adv）在线（的）；联网（的）4.（adj/pron）这样的；那样的；类似的5.（prep/conj）（用以引出比较的第二部分）比6.（adv）较少；较小（adj/pron）较少的；更少的7.（n）得分；点（v）指；指向(二)词汇变形小结：1.one(num.一)—(adv.一次)—(第一)2.two(num.二)—(adv.两次）—(第二）3.swing(v.使……摆动)—(过去式)4.little(adj.少的)—(比较级：更少的)—(最高级：最少的)5.health(n.健康)—(adj.健康的)—(adv.健康地)—(反义词：不健康的)—(反义词：不健康地)6.die(v.死)—(n.死亡)—(adj.垂死的)—(adj.死的)7.write(v.写)—(n.作者；作家)【练一练】用所给词的适当形式填空Mostparentsdon’tthinkitis______________（health）forchildrentostayuptoolateatnight.LaoSheisagreat______________（write）andhe’sespeciallyfamousforhisplay,Teahouse.Ifpeopledon’texercise,theillnesscangointotheir______________(body)easily.Ittakes______________（little）timetogotherebyundergroundthanbybus.Jimgotten______________(point)inthebasketballmatch.Takethemedicine______________(two)aday,andyou’llfeelbetter.Jack______________(do)hishomeworkeveryday.Mr.Li______________(teach)Englishinourschoolfiveyearsago.At______________(little)tenstudentswerelateforschoolthismorning.Manyboyslikeplayingfootballbecausetheythinkit’s______________(relax).(三)短语攻关：在周末 上网 几乎从不 多久一次 一周一次 一周两次 一周四到六次 使用互联网去看电影熬夜 至少 对……有好处 做运动 打网球 在某人的空闲时间 去看牙医 摇摆舞做家务 垃圾食品例如 怎么会呢？……的答案多于少于知识点梳理知识点梳理1.helpwithhousework帮忙做家务【用法详解】helpsbwithsth表示在某方面帮助某人（帮助某人做某事），with后常跟名词或代词作宾语。【拓展延伸】重点：=帮助某人做某事【翻译句子】.她经常帮她父母做家务。2.【易混辨析】sometimes,sometimes,sometime与sometimesometimes频度副词有时表示动作发生的不经常性，多与一般现在时连用，它可位于句首、句中或句末，对它提问用howoften。sometimes名词短语几次；几倍其中time是可数名词，对它提问用howmanytimes。sometime副词某个时候表示某个不确切或不具体的时间，常用于过去时或将来时，对它提问用when。sometime名词短语一段时间表示“一段时间”，句中谓语动词常为延续性动词。对它提问用howlong。Eg.Ilikerice,butsometimesIthinknoodlesareverydelicious,too.我喜欢米饭，但有时觉得面条也挺好吃。Ihavereadthebooksometimes.It’seducational.我已经把这本书读了几遍了，它很有教育意义。IwillgotoShanghaisometimenextweek.下周的某个时间我要去上海。I’llstayhereforsometime.我将在这儿待一段时间。【巧学助记】sometimes，sometimes，sometime与sometime分开一段时间(sometime)，相聚某个时候(sometime)。相连s是有时(sometimes)，分开s是倍、次(sometimes)。【即学即用】1.Tomoftengoestoschoolbybusbut____________hermotherdriveshertoschool.A.sometimes B.sometimes C.sometime D.sometime2.Ihaveeverbeento（去过）Shanghai____________,Ithinkit’sbeautiful.A.sometimeB.sometimesC.sometimesD.sometime3.hardlyever几乎从不【用法详解】hardly作副词，本身表示否定含义，不能再与否定词连用（注：hardly不是hard的副词形式）【易混辨析】hardly与hard单词词性用法hardly意为“几乎不”，表示否定含义，构成短语“hardlyever”hard意为“努力地”，构成短语：努力工作意为“困难的；坚硬的”，构成短语：困难的工作【即学即用】1.Tomstudies,sohefailstheexam.A.hardly;hardlyB.hard;hardlyC.hard;hardD.hardly;hard2.Mydaughterstudies.Shegoestosleepbefore11p.m.A.hard;hardB.hard;hardlyC.hardly;hardlyD.hardly;hard4.onceaweek一周一次【用法详解】onceaweek是表示频率的短语，常用来回答howoften的提问。其中once作副词，意为“一次”。Eg.—Howoftendoyougoshopping?你多久去购物一次？【拓展延伸】英语中次数的表达法：一次once，两次twice，三次或三次以上用“基数词+times”Eg.三次十次还可意为“自由的；免费的”5.…nextweekisquitefullforme,Jack.……我下周相当忙，杰克。还可意为“自由的；免费的”【用法详解】（1）full作形容词，可意为“忙的”，相当于busy，其反义词是“空闲的”。Eg.Herlifeistoofulltofindtimeforhobbies.她的生活太忙碌了，没有业余爱好的时间。（2）full作形容词，还可意为“满的；充满的”，其反义词是empty“空的”，befullof意为“充满”。Eg.Lifeisfulloftheunexpected.生活充满了意料以外的事情。（3）full作形容词，还可意为“吃饱了的”，其反义词是hungry“饥饿的”。Eg.Thankyouforyourdeliciouscake,butIamreallyfull.谢谢你美味的蛋糕，但是我真的吃饱了。【图解助记】【即学即用】Lifeis________upsanddowns.Nevergiveup.A.filledof B.fullwith C.fullof D.fillwith6.Oh,Ihavetoplaytenniswithmyfriends.噢，我得跟我的朋友打网球。【用法详解】（1）haveto意为“不得不；必须”，后面必须跟动词原形，且haveto有人称、数和时态的变化。含有haveto的句子变否定句或疑问句时要借助助动词do的适当形式。Eg.Shehastolookafterherlittlebrother.她不得不照顾她的弟弟。—DoIhavetodothedishesnow?我现在必须洗碗吗？—Yes,youdo.是的，你现在必须洗。（2）playtennis打网球（play+棋类/球类名词）重点Eg.打篮球踢足球下国际象棋play+the+乐器类名词重点Eg.弹钢琴弹吉他拉小提琴【即学即用】Lilypracticesplayingpianoafterschooleveryday.A.aB.anC./D.the7.Igotothemoviesmaybeonceamonth.我可能一个月去看一次电影。【用法详解】maybe作副词，意为“也许；大概；可能”【易混辨析】maybe与maybemaybe副词“大概；也许；可能”，位于句首作状语Maybesheisadoctor.=Shemaybeadoctor.她可能是一名医生。maybemay是情态动词“可能是”，maybe为“情态动词+动词原形”，位于句中作谓语【即学即用】1.________heisill.Sohe________athomenow.A.Maybe;maybeB.Maybe;maybeC.Maybe;mayD.May;maybe2.—Whosebagisit?—________itisLily's,becauseshesatonthesofajustnow.A.MayB.MaybeC.Maybe D.Wouldbe8.Shesaysit’sgoodformyhealth.她说那对我的健康有好处。【用法详解】begoodfor意为“对……有好处”，后接名词、代词或动词ing形式，其反义短语为bebadfor“对……有害”【拓展延伸】其他常见的由“begood+介词”构成的短语：begoodat后跟名词、代词或动词ing形式作宾语。相当于dowellinbegoodto后面一般接人，相当于befriendlytobegoodwith后接sb.或sth.e.g.Heisgoodattellingjokes.他擅长讲笑话。e.g.Ourheadteacherisgoodtoallofus.我们的校长对我们都很好。e.g.He’sverygoodwithchildren.他和孩子们相处得好。【即学即用】1.Infact,sugarandsaltarenotgoodbabies,oryou.A.with C.to 9.Wefoundthatonlyfifteenpercentofourstudentsexerciseeveryday.我们发现只有15%的学生每天锻炼。【用法详解】percent作名词，意为“百分之……”，单复数同形，如：onepercent百分之一thirtypercent百分之三十【拓展延伸】“基数词+percent+ofthe+名词”意为“百分之……的……”，作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后面名词的单复数。【即学即用】1.Twentypercentofthestudents(agree)withyou.百分之二十的学生赞同你。2.Thirtypercentofthetime(pass).百分之三十的时间过去了3.Almostfiftypercentofthestudentsinourclass(be)bornin2006.4.Aboutthestudentstookpartinthecamp.A.40percentB.40percentsC.40percentofD.40percentsof10.Althoughmanystudentsliketowatchsports,gameshowsarethemostpopular.尽管很多学生喜欢看体育节目，但是游戏类节目却是最受欢迎的。【用法详解】although作连词，意为“虽然；尽管；即使”，相当于though，引导让步状语从句【特别提醒】重点：在英语中，表示“虽然……但是……”时，although与but不能同时使用Eg.Althoughthemachineisold,itstillrunswell.→Themachineisold,butitstillrunswell.尽管这台机器旧了，但是依然运转得很好。【即学即用】1.________thewaterwascold,theyoungmanjumpedintoittosaveothers.A.AlthoughB.WhenC.IfD.Because2.________Bobisverytall,________hecan'tplaybasketball.A./;butB.Although;butC.Because;soD./;although3.____________themanisrich,____________heisnothappy.A.Although;butB.Although;/ C.But;althoughD.Although;so11.It’sgoodtorelaxbyusingtheInternetorwatchinggameshows,butwethinkthebestwaytorelaxisthroughexercise.通过使用互联网或看游戏类节目来放松很好，但是我们认为通过锻炼是最好的放松方式。【用法详解】（1）through作介词，表示方式，意为“以；凭借”，还可意为“穿过；通过”，多指穿过门、窗、洞、森林、城市、隧道等。Eg.IknewthisnewsthroughtheInternet.我是从互联网上知道这个消息的。TheRiverThamesflowsthroughLondon.泰晤士河流经伦敦。（2）thebestwaytodosth做某事最好的方式Eg.ThebestwaytolearnEnglishistohaveagoodenvironment.学习英语最好的方法是有一个良好的环境。【易混辨析】重点：across,through,over与crossacross介词从事物表面横过Iwentacrosstheroad.我穿过马路。through从事物内部穿过Thethiefgotinthroughthewindow.小偷是从窗户进来的。over从事物上方越过Sheclimbedoverthewall.她翻过墙去。cross动词相当于goacrossHecrossedtheAtlantictwice.他两次横渡大西洋。【即学即用】1.Theoldmanisagoodswimmer，andevennowheoftenswims________TuojiangRiveraftersupper.A.overB.throughC.crossD.across2.Ileftmykeysintheroom.Iwanttogetinthewindow.Oh,it'stoodangerous.You'dbetterwaitforyourmothertoeback.A.acrossB.throughC.pastD.over12.Exercisesuchasplayingsportsisfun,andyoucanspendtimewithyourfriendsandfamilyasyouplaytogether.像做体育运动这样的锻炼是很有趣的，当你和朋友、家人一起运动的时候，你们可以度过一段时光。【用法详解】（1）suchas与forexample（例如）suchas通常用来例举同类人或事物中的几个例子，其前一般用逗号隔开forexample一般只例举同类人或事物中的一个，用逗号与前后隔开，可置于句首、句中或句末Eg.Theboyisunhappybecausehehasnofriends.这个男孩不开心，因为他没有朋友。Iliketheboybecauseofhiskindnature.我喜欢这个男孩，因为他天性善良。sbspend+时间/金钱+onsth某人花费多少时间/金钱在某物上sbspend+时间/金钱+sbspend+时间/金钱+onsth某人花费多少时间/金钱在某物上sbspend+时间/金钱+（in）doingsth某人花费多少时间/金钱做某事Eg.IspentamonthinShanghailastsummer.去年夏天我在上海待了一个月。Ispent150yuanonthispairofshoes.我花了150元买这双鞋子。Weshouldspendmoretimeonourstudy.我们应该花费更多的时间在我们的学习上。Hespenthiswholelifeunderstandingtheuniverse.他花费了一生去了解宇宙。【即学即用】1.Shedoeswellinmanysubjects,math,physicsandChinese. C.suchas D.forexample2.Mr.Smithspendstwohours(read)booksaday.13.Janeisa16yearoldhighschoolstudentintheUnitedStates.简是一名16岁的美国中学生。【用法详解】16yearold意为“十六岁的”→复合形容词（是由两个或两个以上的单词构成，词与词之间常加连字符“”），此处，16yearold是由“基数词+名词（单数）+形容词”构成的复合形容词，常用在名词前作定语，而16yearsold是名词短语，常用作表语。Eg.Ihavea16yearoldsister.我有一个16岁的姐姐。→Mysisteris16yearsold.我的姐姐16岁了。【即学即用】1.WuDajing,aChineseskater,setanewworldrecordattheShortTrackWorldCuplastyear.A.25yearsoldB.25yearoldC.25yearold D.25yearsold课堂小测一、单项选择1.Mymothertoldmenottospendtoomuchtimeputergames.

A.playing B.toplayC.play D.played2.Lilyisonlyfiveyearsold,shecanswimverywell.A.Although;butB.Because;soC.Although;/D.So;/3.—Excuseme.Canyoutellmethewaytothepostoffice?—Sorry,Iamnewhere.youcanaskthepolicemanoverthere.Heknow.A.May;maybe B.May;may C.Maybe;maybe D.Maybe;may4.AmericanpeopleandBritishpeoplespeakthesamelanguage,theirculturesarequitedifferent.5.TheQiangxiRiver,abeautifulriver,runs________thecityofTaixingandtherearesomebeautifulbridges________theriver.A.across;through B.through;over C.through;through D.over;across6.Sixty________ofthehousework________donebyrobots.A.percent;are B.percent;is C.percents;are D.percents;is7.It'sagoodway________Englishby________toEnglishsongs.A.tolearn;tolisten B.learning;listeningC.tolearn;listening D.learning;tolisten8.Leowasso__________thatherushedtothekitchen,hopingtofindsomethingtoeat.9.﹣CanyoucatchwhatIsaid?﹣Sorry,Ican__________understanditbecauseyouspeakveryquickly．10.—Howmanytimeshaveyoureadthisnovel?—________. C.Threetime 11.Colais_______,andit’snotgoodforyour________.A.healthy;health B.unhealthy;healthy C.unhealthy;health D.health;health12.—WhatisTominterestedin?—Heisinterestedinsports,______basketball,tennisandpingpong.A.suchasB.atleastC.becauseofD.forexample13.—CanyougoswimmingwithmenextSunday?—Sorry,nextweekisforme.A.freeB.goodC.enoughD.full14.—Lindacan’tplaysocceratall.—Soccerisherfavoritesport.A.That’stoobad. B.eon! C.Howe? D.That’sright.15.Janestayuplatebecauseshedidn’tfinishherhomework.A.hadto B.can C.shouldD.mustto二、用所给词的适当形式填空1.Heusually__________(stay)athomeonweekends.2.Fifteen(percent)ofthevisitorsarefromforeigncountries.3.Don'tworry,Mom.Iamoldenoughtolookafter(my).4.Brushyourteethatleast(two)aday,inthemorningandbeforebedtime.5.Itisgoodtolookforinformationby(use)theInternet.6.Thebestway(learn)Englishisthroughreadingloudly.7.Thegirlisn't(health)becauseshedoesn'tliketoexercise.8.Iplayfootballat(little)onceaweek.9.Eatingtoomuchjunkfoodisbadforstudents'(body).10.Howmany__________(time)doyouseeyourgrandparentsamonth?三、汉译英：单词/短语/句子1.他做运动至少一周两次。Heplayssports____________________twiceaweek.。Iexercise____________________aweek.3.多吃蔬菜和水果对你的健康有益。It_____________________________yourhealthtoeatmorevegetablesandfruit.4.他几乎不看电视。He____________________watchesTV.5.我懂四种语言，比如日语和英语。Iknowfourlanguages,____________________JapaneseandEnglish.6.吃太多垃圾食品对我们是不健康的。It’sunhealthyforustoeattoomuch____________________.7.我的妹妹会跳摇摆舞。Mysistercan____________________.8.尽管弹钢琴很难，但是我不会放弃。.语法精讲语法精讲一、频度副词一、语法概述频度副词表示某一动作或状态出现的频率，即在一定时间内某一动作或状态重复出现的次数，常用来回答howoften的提问。二、频度副词的种类1.不表示具体次数的频度副词（按频率从高到低排列）always（100%）always（100%）usually（80%）often（60%）sometimes（40%）hardlyever/seldom（20%）never（0%）2.表示具体的频率、次数时，通常用onceaweek（一周一次），twiceamonth（一月两次），threetimesayear（一年三次）等。【注意】onceortwice一两次twoorthreetimes两三次threeorfourtimes三四次【即学即用】1.—Doyouoftengotothegym?—No,________.Idon’tlikesportsatall.2.Idon’tthinkfastfoodisgoodforourhealth,soI______gotoMac Donald.3.Mr.LiuwatchesTV.HethinkswatchingTVisawaste(浪费)oftime.A.often B.seldom C.always D.usually4.Bobdislikescoffee,sohealmostdrinksit.A.often B.always C.never D.ever三、频度副词的位置频度副词一般放在实义动词前，be动词、助动词、情态动词之后（实前be情助后），有时为了强调，频度副词也可位于句首。►I’malwayshappytoseeher.我见到她总是很开心。►Shedoesn’talwaysgotoschoolbybus.她并不总是乘公共汽车去上学。►Icanneverforgetit.我永远不会忘记这件事。►Usuallywehavelunchatschool.我们通常在学校吃午饭。四、对频度副词的提问重点对频度副词进行提问常用疑问词组，表示“多久一次”。【即学即用】1.Millie,doyoutakethecourseinDIY?EverySaturdayafternoon.A.howlong B.howfar C.howmuch D.howoften二、由how构成的特殊疑问词组短语含义用法答语howfar提问距离It’s+5meters/10minutes’walk等表距离的词语howlong提问时间for/about+时间段提问物体长度10km等表示长度的词语howsoon提问时间in+时间段howoften提问频率once,twice,always等表示频率的词语howold提问年龄12yearsold等表示年龄的词语howmany对可数名词的数量进行提问100等具体的基数词或several等修饰可数名词的词语howmuch对不可数名词的数量进行提问alotof,3glasses(of)等用于表达不可数名词的量的词语提问价格5dollars,2yuanakilo等表示价格的词语语法小测一、单项选择1.—Mike,doyouhaveahealthexamination?—Onceayear.A.howlong B.howmany C.howmuch D.howoften2.—Howoftendoyougotothecinema?—.Ionlywatchmoviesathome.Always B.Usually C.Sometimes D.Never3.Everyyearthousandsoftouriststhemountainareatorelaxthemselves.A.visited B.werevisitingC.visit D.havevisited4.We'llhavetosaygoodbye,mydearfriends!ButIwillforgetthedayswespenttogether.A.always B.often C.never D.usually5.—_________doyouhavedinnerwithyourfamilyatrestaurants?—Hardlyever.A.Howoften B.Howlong C.Howmany D.Howmuch6.—Doesyourbrotherplaysoccer?—No.He_________playsitbecauseheislazyenough.7._________monkeysarethereinthezoo?A.Howoften B.Howlong C.Howmuch D.Howmany8.—_________isitfromyourschooltothebusstop?—It’sabout5minutes’walk.A.Howoften B.Howfar C.Howlong D.Hows