新高考英语二轮复习课时练第1部分阅读理解与阅读七选五专题1第1 题型突破细节理解题 (含解析)

阅读是我国考生学习和使用外语最主要的途径，因此，阅读理解在试卷中所占比重较大。该部分要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料，例如：公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能：1.理解主旨要义；2.理解文中具体信息；3.根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；4.根据所读内容做出判断和理解；5.理清文章的基本结构；6.理解作者的意图、观点和态度。年份卷别体裁题目类型命题专家谈高考细节理解推理判断词句猜测主旨大意2022全国乙卷应用文·夹叙夹议文说明文·说明文76111.文章题材丰富英语试卷中所有语篇都围绕“人与自我”“人与社会”以及“人与自然”三大主题语境，题材涉及故事、科普、人文、社会现象、文化活动等。2.短文体裁广泛短文体裁包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文和新闻报道等。3.题型分布不均近3年全国卷高考阅读理解以突出考查考生理解和运用语言解决问题的基本能力。以考查细节理解、推理判断为主，以考查词句猜测、主旨大意为辅。4.语篇特点鲜明(1)原汁原味：高考语篇一般选自各大主流英文报刊和媒体网站，新材料尽量原汁原味。(2)词汇量大：高考语篇词汇量丰富，含有大量的派生词、词性转换词、熟词生义词以及英语短语和习语。(3)长难句多：高考语篇含有大量的长句和难句，句子结构复杂。全国甲卷应用文·说明文记叙文·夹叙夹议文9213新高考全国Ⅰ卷应用文·说明文说明文·说明文67112021全国乙卷应用文·说明文记叙文·说明文7512全国甲卷说明文·说明文记叙文·议论文6612新高考全国Ⅰ卷应用文·记叙文说明文·议论文93122020全国Ⅰ卷应用文·夹叙夹议文说明文·说明文7512全国Ⅱ卷应用文·说明文说明文·记叙文10122全国Ⅲ卷应用文·记叙文说明文·说明文8313新高考全国Ⅰ卷应用文·记叙文说明文·说明文6522根据表格分析可知，近年来阅读理解体裁以应用文、记叙文和说明文为主，议论文和新闻报道为辅，其中科普知识类和生态环保类的说明文更是考生的难题；题型考查中细节理解和推理判断题所占比重较大，词句猜测和主旨大意题所占比重较小。各类阅读理解中的长难句日益增多，因此，在复习备考中，我们应该着重从题型、体裁和微技能三方面进行高效复习。第1讲题型突破——细节理解题细节理解题相对比较简单，但在高考阅读理解中占了60%的比重。细节理解题常分为直接信息题、间接信息题、数字计算题、细节排序题和正误判断题。分析近三年的高考真题可知：直接信息题和间接信息题为高频考点，其他皆为低频考点。设问方式1．特殊疑问句形式。以when，where，what，which，who，howmuch/many等疑问词引出问题。2．判断是非形式。含有TRUE/FALSE，NOTtrue或EXCEPT等的判断是非问题。此时要注意题干中是否含有否定词，如not，never等。3．以“Accordingto...”开头的提问形式。4．填空形式。如Thebiggestchallengeformostmothersisfrom________.选项特征技法一直接信息题——定位比对找答案直接信息题常以应用文的形式出现在考题中，涉及的话题有：广告类、活动安排类、书籍或电影介绍类、演出信息类等。设问方式多为以5W1H(what，who，when，where，why和how)等开头的特殊疑问句。解此类试题常用“定位比对”法。解题流程如下：(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ·A片段)LateWorkAnessaynotsubmittedinclassontheduedatewilllosealettergradeforeachclassperioditislate.Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate，itwillearnazero.Dailyassignmentsnotcompletedduringclasswillgetazero.Shortwritingsmissedasaresultofanexcusedabsencewillbeaccepted.23．Whatwillhappenifyousubmitanessayoneweekaftertheduedate?A．Youwillreceiveazero.B．Youwilllosealettergrade.C．Youwillbegivenatest.D．Youwillhavetorewriteit.答案A解析细节理解题。一、在题干中标注定位词submitanessayoneweekaftertheduedate，二、在原文中找出信息句，即LateWork部分“Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate，itwillearnazero”，三、比对选项与信息句，可知答案为A。技法二间接信息题——同义转换定答案间接信息题常在记叙文、说明文或议论文中考查，会涉及“人与自我”“人与社会”和“人与自然”三大主题语境。设问方式1．Accordingtotheauthor/passage，...2．Whatcanwelearnabout...?此类试题相比直接信息题，命题的隐蔽性更强，正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。解答间接信息题时，要做到“两关注”“一防范”。“两关注”是指关注正确选项的两个特征：一是同义词替换或释义，即把文中的语言(词汇和结构)改头换面，来表达相同的意思；二是对文章信息的归纳。“一防范”是指防范干扰选项的逼真性，稍有不慎就会落入命题人设置的陷阱中。解此类试题常用“同义转换”法。解题流程如下：(2022·全国甲·B片段)Goffin’scockatoos，akindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasia，havebeenshowntohavesimilarshape-recognitionabilitiestoahumantwo-year-old.Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild，thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.Inarecentexperiment，cockatooswerepresentedwithaboxwithanutinsideit.Theclearfrontoftheboxhada“keyhole”inageometricshape，andthebirdsweregivenfivedifferentlyshaped“keys”tochoosefrom.Insertingthecorrect“key”wouldletoutthenut.24．Howdidthecockatoosgetthenutfromtheboxintheexperiment?A．Byfollowinginstructions.B．Byusingatool.C．Byturningtheboxaround.D．Byremovingthelid.答案B解析细节理解题。一读题干，锁定关键词，即How，getthenut；二扫原文，锁定信息区间，即第一段中的“Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild，thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.”和“...thebirdsweregivenfivedifferentlyshaped‘keys’tochoosefrom.Insertingthecorrect‘key’wouldletoutthenut.”，B项是对信息区间的同义描述，即在实验中，凤头鹦鹉是通过使用工具从盒子里取出坚果的。故选B。技法三数字计算题——整合推算得答案数字计算题一般会涉及时间、年龄、价钱、数量、距离等的简单计算。一般来说，计算量都比较小，容易计算。但是英语阅读中的数字计算必须要找出计算背后所隐含的信息。这些“暗”信息会涉及对某个难句的理解，从这个角度上讲，理解文中相应的复杂句是解这类题的关键。数字计算题的话题有：1.广告类；2.故事类；3.科普知识类；4.史地自然类；5.文化教育类。设问方式以when，inwhichyear，howmany/much等疑问词(组)开头引出问题。解此类试题常用“整合推算”法。解题流程如下：(2022·全国乙·A片段)Admission￡4.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree.22．Howmuchwouldacouplewithtwochildrenunder12payforadmission?A．￡4. B．￡8.C．￡12. D．￡16.答案B解析数字计算题。一读题干寻找关键词acouplewithtwochildrenunder12，二在Admission部分中标记￡4.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree，三用加法推算答案，即一对夫妇应付4＋4＝8(英镑)，两个12岁以下的儿童在成人陪同下免费，即入场费为8英镑。故选B。A(外刊阅读·原创题)选自(https：//.au/news/real-life/vitiligo-aboriginal-model-65734)Theafternoonsunshonedownonmydaughter，Syriah，13，whileIpainted.Iwatchedasthewarmrayslitupherskin，creatingabeautifulpattern.ButSyriahwasbornwithvitiligo，aconditionthatcausesthelossofskincolourinpatches(小块)alloverherbody.Althoughalotofpeoplewithvitiligostrugglewithconfidenceissues，Syriahwasnotoneofthem，comfortablefromthemomentitstartedshowingatfouryearsold.Itwasinspiring.Theoldershegot，themoreshetoldmeaboutherhobbyofmodellingbutlivinginasmalltown，itwasn’teasy.Paintinghadalwaysbeenabigpartofmylife.AlthoughIdiditforfun，peoplewerealwaysaskingmeifmyworkswereforsale.ThenIdecidedtogoforit，makingaFacebookpagetosellmycreations.Iwantedtosetupalegacy(遗产)formykidsandhelpbuildthemsomethingfortheirfuture.Oneday，IreceivedamessagefromawomannamedAna.Interested，IcontactedherandsheexplainedshewasthecreatorofLondonPacificFashionWeek，aneventwheredesignerscanlaunchtheirbrandsduringLondonFashionWeek.“Iwantyoutocreateafashionlineforarunwayshow，”shesaid，explainingthatthey’dgettosearchfortheirownmodelstoo.Suddenly，IthoughtofSyriah’smodellingambition.Whatifthiscouldgetherstarted?Soonafter，AnaconnectedwithmeonFacebookandcameacrossthephotosI’dtakenofSyriah.“Howwouldyoufeelaboutyourdaughtermodellingintheshow?Ilovehersmilewithconfidence！”shemessaged.“Yes！”Irepliedexcitedly，“that’sherdream！”WhenItoldmygirlthenews，shecriedwithexcitement.Now，wecan’twaitforSyriah’sfirstmodellingperformance.Hopefullyherimagewillmakeadifferencetogirls，justlikeher，who’veneverseenpeoplelikethemrepresentedinthefashionindustry.She’llshoweveryonethatbeautycomesinmanyforms.1．WhatcanwelearnaboutSyriah?A．Sheshowedpotentialforpainting.B．Shewasnotconfidentenough.C．Shesufferedfromaskindisease.D．Shegotsickofrurallife.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知，Syriah天生患有白癜风，这种疾病导致全身皮肤的颜色一块块地脱落，由此可知，她患有一种皮肤病，故选C。2．Whydidtheauthorchoosetosellherpaintings?A．Tofinanceherfuturegeneration.B．Togainwiderecognition.C．TobecomeaFacebookhit.D．Todonatemoneyforthedisabled.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，作者想为她的孩子留下一些遗产，并为他们的未来准备一些东西，所以选择卖她的画，故选A。3．Whichofthefollowingwasnotright?A．AnafoundedLondonPacificFashionWeek.B．Anawantedtofindsomemodels.C．SyriahwillinglyacceptedAna’soffertobeamodel.D．Syriahdidn’tperformwellinthefashionshow.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知A项正确；根据第四段的“they’dgettosearchfortheirownmodels”可知B项正确；根据倒数第二段可知C项正确；根据最后一段可知，作者期望Syriah在时装表演周可以有好的表现，文章并没有说她表现不好。故选D。4．Syriahgotthemodellingjobdueto____________________________________________.A．herbeautycomingfromwithinB．hermother’srecommendationC．hercloserelationshipwithAnaD．heroutstandingmodellingskills答案A解析细节理解题。根据倒数第四段的“Ilovehersmilewithconfidence！”可知，Syriah得到这份模特工作是由于她自信的微笑，也就是内在的美，故选A。BTheEmpireStateBuildingisoneofthemostpopularattractionsinNewYorkCity，bothforthetourandhistoryofthebuilding.OurEmpireStateBuildingfactsincludeNYCInsidertipsandthebestwaystotourthisworld-famousicon，whetheryouareshortontimeorbudget.EmpireStateBuildingHoursThemainentrancetotheEmpireStateBuildingisonFifthAvenuebetween33rdand34thStreets.Allvisitorsmustusethisentranceandthereisoftenawaitjusttogetinthebuilding.TheEmpireStateBuildingObservatoryisopenfrom8∶00a．m.to2∶00a．m.7daysaweek.Lastelevatorsgoupat1∶15a．m.EmpireStateBuildingTourFactsTheESBofferstwoobservatories，the86thfloorandthe102ndfloor.86thFloorObservatory(indoorandoutdoor)1，050feet(320meters)，reachedbyhigh-speed，automaticelevators，ithasaglass-enclosedarea，whichisheatedinwinterandcooledinsummer.High-poweredbinoculars(双筒望远镜)areavailablefortheconvenienceofvisitorsataminimalcost.102ndFloorObservatory(indooronly)TicketsareonlysolduponarrivalattheEmpireStateBuildingatacostof$15.00inadditiontoregularadmissiontickets.EmpireStateBuildingTicketsRegular—$38adult，$32ages6－12，under5free.ExpressPass—$65allvisitorsages6＋BuyingyourticketsbeforeyougotoNewYorksavesyourtime.Whenbuyingtickets，youcanoptforregularticketsorexpresstickets.Youcanalsobuyadiscountpassforfreeentrance.Ifyouwanttovisitthe102ndfloor，youcangetticketswhichincludedinneratSTATEGrillandBare.语篇解读这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了帝国大厦EmpireStateBuilding以及参观大厦时的相关注意事项。5．Whatcanwelearnfromthesecondparagraph?A．Youcanenterthebuildingthroughthreeentrances.B．Alargenumberofvisitorsareattractedbythebuilding.C．Visitorsarenotallowedtotakeelevatorsafter1∶00a．m.D．TheEmpireStateBuildingisclosedonweekends.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Allvisitorsmustusethisentranceandthereisoftenawaitjusttogetinthebuilding.”可知，到这里参观的游客必须等待，其主要原因可能是游客数量很多。故选B。6．Whatcanwesayaboutthe86thFloorObservatory?A．Itislocatedataheightof1，050meters.B．Itisabitcolderoutsidethaninside.C．Thebinocularscanbeusedfreeofcharge.D．VisitorscanenjoytheviewofNYCoutdoors.答案D解析细节理解题。根据文中的“86thFloorObservatory(indoorandoutdoor)”可知，该看台可以让游客在室内外观景，故选D。7．Howmuchshouldacouplepayiftheywanttovisitthebuildingwithshorterwaiting?A．$76. B．$64.C．$130. D．$103.答案C解析数字计算题。根据文中的“ExpressPass—$65allvisitorsages6＋”可知，如果想立刻参观帝国大厦，需要购买直通票(expressticket)，每个人的费用是65美元，acouple就是130美元。故选C。强化练(一)细节理解题(1)ALookingforacoolnewbookthisseason？TFKKidReportersreadandreviewedsomeofthebestbooksoftheyear.YusufAzeemisNotaHeroYusufAzeemishopingtohaveagreatfirstyearinmiddleschool.Standinginhiswayarethehatenotesleftinhislockerandhisstruggletofindhisplaceinanewcommunity.YusufAzeemIsNotaHero，bySaadiaFaruqi，willappealtoreaderswholikestoriesabouteverydaykidsovercomingchallengesandfindinginnerstrength.BlackBoyJoyTheshortstoriesinBlackBoyJoy，editedbyKwameMbalia，celebratethepleasuresofBlackchildhood.Therearealsostoriesaboutvictories，competitions，andgettingdressedfortheirfirstdayofschool.Mostareshort，withsimpleplots.Peoplewhoenjoybite-sizestoriesofhappinesswilllikethiscollection.ParadiseonFireInParadiseonFire，byJewellParkerRhodes，Addyisashy，15-year-oldgirlwhoescapedfromanapartmentfirethatkilledherparents.Whenafirebreaksoutatthewildernesscamp，Addyknowswhattodo.WillAddybeabletoleadherfellowcamperstosafety？Readerswilllovethemixofsuspense，action，andemotioninthisbook.ChunkyChunkywaswrittenbyYehudiMercado.Inthebook，Huditriessports，which，however，takehimawayfromwhathe’strulypassionateabout：comedy.Hisimaginaryfriend，Chunky，appearsthroughoutthestorytohelpHudiachievehisdreams.Chunkyisagreatbookforkidswhowanttoreadaboutfriendship，family，andtrytofindwheretheymightfitin.eq\x(语篇解读这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四本儿童书的情况，包括作者、故事梗概等。)1．Whichofthefollowingtellsabouthappychildhood?A．YusufAzeemisNotaHero.B．BlackBoyJoy.C．ParadiseonFire.D．Chunky.答案B解析细节理解题。根据BlackBoyJoy部分中的第一句可知，BlackBoyJoy讲述了快乐的童年。故选B。2．WhatisthebookbyJewellParkerRhodesabout?A．Agirltryingtoescapefromdanger.B．Aboysufferingatschool.C．Aboyparticipatinginasummercamp.D．Agirltakinganinterestincomedy.答案A解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知，JewellParkerRhodes写的书是关于一个试图逃离危险的女孩的故事。故选A。3．WhoisChunkyinthebook?A．Acomedian. B．Hudi’sclassmate.C．Ashyboy. D．Anunrealfriend.答案D解析细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句可知，书中的Chunky是一个虚构的朋友。imaginary和unreal同义，故选D。BDespiteKyleTianshibeingonlya15-year-oldUShighschooler，hehaspublishedfivesci-finovels.HisfifthbookEventidewasreleasedinJuly.However，thismaynotbehismostimpressiveachievementasKylejustreceivedthe“HeroAward”，a$20，000grandprize.ItisthetophonorintheCaliforniaYouthSustainabilityAwards.Thecompetitionaimstoencourageandsupportyoungcommunityleaderswhoaremakingadifferenceforsustainabilityintheircommunitiesbytakingactionfortheplanet.Kyle，asophomorefromtheCambridgeSchoolintheUS，receivedthehonorforhisportableinventioncalledNEREID.Thedevicecandetectmicroscopicparticles(粒子)inwaterbyusingalaserandmicroscope.Theseparticlescanbeharmfultopeopleandtheenvironment.KylecameupwiththeideafortheinventionbasedonhisexperiencegrowingupinSanDiego，California，US.Peoplehadnoaccesstounpolluteddrinkingwaterandhisparentsaskedhimnottodrinktapwater.Kylespentabout$60buyingthetoolsneededtoanalyzethetapwater：alaser，amicroscopeandamicro-computer.“It’sincrediblypowerfulfortheprice，”Kylesaid.Thenheusedtheirfamily’sgarageashislaboratory，doingresearchonthepollutionofdrinkingwatercausedbymicro-plastics.Kylehopestobringtomarketalow-costalternativetoolfordetectingmicro-plasticpollutionlevelsindrinkingwater.Inthisway，hecanofferhelptopeoplewhodon’thaveaccesstowaterfiltration(过滤)systems.Hehasappliedforapatent.KylesaidhissisterEmily，afreshmanatStanfordUniversity，inspiredhisinterestinenvironmentalresearch.Shewasrecognizednationallyfordevelopingawatercollectiondevice.TheyhavefoundedtheClearwaterInnovationprogramtoadvocateforcleanwaterthroughsocialmediaplatformsandorganizecommunitycleanupevents.语篇解读这是一篇记叙文，文章主要介绍了15岁的KyleTianshi发明了能够检测水中有害的微观粒子的设备，获得了加州青年可持续发展奖的最高荣誉。4．WhatdoweknowaboutKyle?A．Heisgoodatadaptingsci-fiworks.B．Heenteredmanynovelcontests.C．Hereceivedanawardforhisinvention.D．He’sfoundmicroscopicparticlesinwater.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，Kyle因他的发明而获奖。故选C。5．WhatledtoKyle’screationofNEREID?A．People’slackofcleandrinkingwater.B．People’spoorlivingconditions.C．Hisdesiretobeacommunityleader.D．Hisfamily’sencouragement.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第三段前两句可知，Kyle发明NEREID是由于人们缺乏干净的饮用水。故选A。6．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesKyle?A．Considerateandbrave.B．Optimisticandhonest.C．Determinedandhumorous.D．Responsibleandcreative.答案D解析推理判断题。根据文章内容，结合第二段第一句及文章最后一句可知，Kyle发明了NEREID，使人们能够喝到干净的饮用水，并通过实际行动倡导清洁用水，保护环境，因此他既有责任心又有创意，故选D。7．What’sthetextmainlyabout?A．TheintroductiontoNEREID.B．Aboy’scontributiontoliterature.C．Theharmofpollutedwater.D．AUSschooler’swatersolution.答案D解析主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第二段第一句可知，文章主要讲述15岁的KyleTianshi发明了能够检测水中有害的微观粒子的设备，使人们能够喝到干净的饮用水，还创立清水创新项目，倡导清洁用水，故D项“一位美国学生对于水的解决方案”能够概括文章大意。故选D。CTheglobalpopulationgrowing，theclimateiswarming，and，nosurprise，thedemandforenergyissteadilyincreasing.Weneedtouselessenergyinanywaythatwecan.GermandesignstudentTobiasTribenbacher，fromtheUniversityoftheArtsBerlin，hascreatedastreetlightcalledPapilioinresponsetoglobalsustainabilityinitiatives，sayingthatheinitiallychosetocreateacity-facingstreetlightduetosuchlights’roleintightpollution.Papiliocanbemountedtowallsorsetupasafreestandinglantern.Thelampshouldideallybeplacedbetweenthreetosixmetresaboveground，whereground-levelwindsarethestrongest.Thelampisshapedlikeapinwheelthatactsasawindturbine(涡轮)，catchingthewindtoproduceitsownenergy.Italsohasarechargeablebatterythatstoreselectricity，sothelampcanoperateevenonlesswindydays.Anotherkeycomponentofthelampisthelightitself.Thewarm-coloredlightdoesn’tdrawtheattentionofinsects，anditusesaninfrared(红外线的)sensorsothatthelightisonlystartedbynearbymotion，reducingitscontributiontolightpollution.Asidefromsavingpublicspaceandbeautifyingstreets，thestreetlight’sdesignisalsoavisualsignalofcleanenergyinaction.“Designnotonlydetermineshowstreetlightsareworking.Itcanalsoshapeourattitudetowardsthemandconsequentlyaffecthowweusethem，”TobiasTribenbachersays.“Becauseenergycreationisoftenaninvisibleprocess，projectssuchasthesehelptheproductionofelectricitybecomecomprehensible.”Thelamp’sabilitytochangewindpowerintoelectricitycanalsobeahugebenefittonaturallywindyareas.Andsinceitdoesn’trequireanyelectricalinfrastructure(基础设施)，therewillbeanopportunitytofixthestreetlightsinremotesettingsorplaceswhereinfrastructureinnovationscanbecost-prohibitive.Justaslanternscreatethecharacterofstreetsandsquares，Papilioisenvisionedasapublicsustainabilitystatementthatmotivatesresidentstotakepartintransformingourcitiesintoclimate-friendly，future-proofenvironments.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新型的路灯，这款路灯是由风能转化为电能，因此可以减少能源使用，从而减少对环境的污染。8．WhydidTribenbacherchoosetocreatethestreetlight?A．Totacklelightpollution.B．Toreducebiodiversityloss.C．Tobeautifythecityhelivesin.D．Todrawpublicattentiontowaste.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第二段以及第四段第二句可知，这款路灯最初设计的目的就是用来应对光污染问题。故选A。9．Whichofthefollowingisthefeatureofthestreetlight?A．Itoccupiesalargespace.B．Itcanbefixedanywhere.C．Itisswitchedoffbyhand.D．Itisunattractivetoinsects.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，这款路灯不会吸引小昆虫。故选D。10．WhatdoTribenbacher’swordsinparagraph5imply?A．Theclimatecrisisistoughtoaddress.B．Designcanfacilitateourcomprehension.C．Wemusttakeactiontosavecleanenergy.D．Weknowlittleaboutelectricitygeneration.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Designnotonlydetermineshowstreetlights...theproductionofelectricitybecomecomprehensible.”可推断出，这样的设计可以促进我们对于能源生产的理解。故选B。11．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．Tostresstheimportanceofinnovation.B．Tointroduceawind-poweredstreetlight.C．Toadvocateenvironmentalsustainability.D．Toanalyzethesustainabilityofthestreetlight.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第二段以及下文对这款路灯的作用、工作原理的介绍可知，本篇文章主要的目的是介绍一款风能路灯。故选B。强化练(二)细节理解题(2)ADriveThruHistory®AdventuresDriveThruHistory，whetherasacourse，guide，orepisodiclesson，triestomakehistoricalinformationfun.DaveStottsgoestheextraliteralmiletobringhistorytoviewersincontextbytravelingtothelocationshe’sdiscussing.Thisiswherethe“adventure”subtitlecomesfrom.Thecourseshavesnowballedinpopularityduetothequalityofthematerialaswellasthehumorandinventivenessofthehost.FeaturesoftheDriveThruHistoryCoursesEachcoursecomeswithmanywaystoview，absorbandtestyourknowledgeofitstopics.ThemainpurchaseisOnDemand，HDstreamingofyourfavoriteDriveThruHistory®episodes.YoualsogetprintCourseguidesthatcomewithworksheets，answerguides，andarticleswrittenbyindustryexpertsontopicscoveredinthecourses.Withyourpurchase，youcanalsohaveaccesstoacommunityofotherDriveThruHistory®fans，withexclusivecontentupdates!WaystojointheAdventure·BuyasingleDriveThruHistory®CourseOuronlinecoursesincludelifetimeon-demandvideostreaming，acourseguide，andadditionalresourcestohelpyoulearnasmuchfromoneseriesaspossible.·JoinourAll-AccessmembershipIfyoulikewhatyoubought，youcanbuytheAll-Accesspass.Thispassgivesyoutheabilitytoviewallthereleasedcoursesbypayinganannualfee.All-Accesscomesinat$119.95.Onceyou’resubscribed，yoursubscriptionwillautomaticallyrenewtokeepyouup-to-dateonthelatestDriveThruHistory®content!WhetheryoubuyasinglecourseortheAll-Accesspass，yougetthesamebasicfeatures.Thesebonuseswillhelpyoumakeyourhistorylessonscomealive.eq\x(语篇解读本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了DriveThruHistory®Adventures的相关信息。)1．HowdoesDaveStottsmakethecoursesfun?A．Bysharinghistoryonlocation.B．Byrevisinghistoricalmaterials.C．Bypresentinghi-techinventions.D．Byorganizingadventureactivities.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“...triestomakehistoricalinformationfun.DaveStottsgoestheextraliteralmiletobringhistorytoviewersincontextbytravelingtothelocationshe’sdiscussing.”可知，为了让课程有趣，DaveStotts去了他所讨论的内容发生的地方，即历史发生地。故选A。2．Whatwillyougetafteryoubuythecourses?A．Tourguides.B．Videostreaming.C．Articlesfromstudents.D．Interactionwiththehost.答案B解析细节理解题。根据BuyasingleDriveThruHistory®Course部分的内容可知，购买课程之后可以获得终身观看视频的权利。故选B。3．WhatdoesanAll-Accessmembershipoffer?A．Adiscountedannualfee.B．Additionalhistorylessons.C．Updatesonthelatestcontent.D．Limitedaccesstosomecourses.答案C解析细节理解题。根据JoinourAll-Accessmembership部分中的“Onceyou’resubscribed，yoursubscriptionwillautomaticallyrenewtokeepyouup-to-dateonthelatestDriveThruHistory®content！”可知，拥有All-Access之后，会员可以看到更新的最新内容。故选C。BTherearefewplacesonEarththathumanshaven’tmessedup.NowevenAntarctica，theonlycontinentwithnopermanenthumaninhabitants，isbeingalteredbyus.AstudyfoundthattheincreasinghumanpresenceinAntarcticaiscausingmoresnowmelt—badnewsforafrozenworldalreadybattlingtheeffectsofhuman-causedglobalwarming.Blackcarbon，thedarkdustypollutionthatcomesfromburningfossilfuelshassettledinlocationswheretouristsandresearchersspendalotoftime，scientistsfound.Eventhesmallestamountofthedarkpollutantcanhaveasignificantimpactonmeltingbecauseofitsverylowreflectiveness：thingsthatarelightincolor，likesnow，reflectthesun’senergyandstaycool；thingsthataredark，likeblackcarbon，absorbthesun’senergyandwarmup.“Thesnowalbedo(反射率)effectisoneofthelargestuncertaintiesinregionalandglobalclimatemodelingrightnow，”AliaKhan，asnowandicescientistatWesternWashingtonUniversity，toldCNN.“That’soneofthemotivationsforthestudy，toquantifytheimpactofblackcarbononregionalsnowmelt，whichisimportantforquantifyingtheroleofblackcarboninthegloballossofsnowandice.”“Antarcticaissittingthereprettymuchsilentlyallyear.But，ifitweren’tthere，inthestatethatitismeanttobe，thebalancethatwehaveintheclimatesystemwillnolongerbe，”MarilynRaphael，ageographyprofessorsaid.“Antarctica’sseaiceisalsoimportanttomaintainabalanceinatmosphericcirculation，”headded.Aswatersgetwarmer，someAntarcticcreaturesarefindingtheirhomesmoreandmoreunlivable.“Everythingwedohasconsequences，”Raphaelsaid.“Weneedtoeducateourselvesaboutthoseconsequences，especiallyinsystemsthatweknowrelativelylittleabout.Wehavetobecarefulthatwedon’tupsettheclimatebalance.”语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了由于人为造成的全球变暖，南极洲的环境发生了变化。4．Whycanthesmallestamountofblackcarbonhaveahugeimpactonmelting?A．Itishighlyreflective.B．Itsdarkcolourabsorbsheat.C．Itproducesvastenergy.D．Itcausesmuchpollution.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，由于能够吸收热量，黑碳对融化会产生巨大的影响。故选B。5．AccordingtoAlia，whichofthefollowingisonereasonforconductingthestudy?A．Tomeasuretheimpactofblackcarbononmelting.B．Toquantifythecostofbattlingagainstclimatechange.C．Toremovetheuncertaintiesofglobalwarmingeffects.D．Tourgepeopletopaymoreattentiontomeltingproblem.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，在研究过程中，量化黑碳对融雪的影响是十分重要的。故选A。6．Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?A．ThechangecausedbyAntarcticicemelting.B．ThemethodstostopAntarcticicemelting.C．ThesignificanceofAntarcticbeinginitsstate.D．ThesufferingsAntarcticcreaturesareexperiencing.答案C解析段落大意题。根据第四段第二、三句可知，本段主要讲述了南极洲保持其原来状态的重要性。故选C。7．WhatdoesRaphaeladvisepeopletodo?A．Reducetouristnumbers.B．Facetheconsequences.C．Acquireprofessionaleducation.D．Stopdisturbingtheclimate.答案D解析推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，Raphael建议我们停止扰乱气候，不要破坏气候的平衡。故选D。CEverwonderedifdogscanlearnnewwords？Yes，sayresearchersastheyhavefoundthattalenteddogsmayhavetheabilitytograspnewwordsafterhearingthemonlyfourtimes.Whilepreviousevidenceseemstoshowthatmostdogsdonotlearnwords，unlesseventuallyverywelltrained，afewindividualshaveshownsomeextraordinaryabilities，accordingtoastudypublishedinthejournalScientificReports.“Wewantedtoknowunderwhichconditionsthegifteddogsmaylearnnovelwords，”saidresearcherxuekwClaudiaFugazzafromtheEötvösLorndUniversityinHungary.Forthestudy，theteaminvolvedtwogifteddogs，WhiskyandVickyNina.Theteamexposedthedogstothenewwordsintwodifferentconditions.Intheexclusion-basedtask，presentedwithsevenknowntoysandonenewtoy，thedogswereabletoselectthenewtoywhenpresentedwithanewname.Researcherssaythisprovesthatdogscanchoosebyexclusionwhenfacedwithanewword，theyselectedtheonlytoywhichdidnothaveaknownname.However，thiswasnotthewaytheywouldlearnthenameofthetoy.Infact，whentheywerepresentedwithonemoreequallynewnametotesttheirabilitytorecognizethetoybyitsname，thedogsgottotallyconfusedandfailed.Theothercondition，thesocialone，wherethedogsplayedwiththeirownerswhopronouncedthenameofthetoywhileplayingwiththedog，provedtobethesuccessfulwaytolearnthenameofthetoy，evenafterhearingitonly4times.“Therapidlearningthatweobservedseemstoequalchildren’sabilitytolearnmanynewwordsatafastratearoundtheageof18months，”Fugazzasays.“Butwedonotknowwhetherthelearningmechanisms(机制)behindthislearningarethesameforhumansanddogs.”Totestwhethermostdogswouldlearnwordsthisway，20otherdogsweretestedinthesamecondition，butnoneofthemshowedanyevidenceoflearningthetoynames，confirmingthattheabilitytolearnwordsrapidlyintheabsenceofformaltrainingisveryrareandisonlypresentinafewgifteddogs.eq\x(语篇解读本文为一篇说明文，介绍了有天赋的狗狗通过训练能够学习新的单词。)8．WhatwasthepurposeofthestudypublishedinScientificReports?A．Tobettertraindogs’abilitytolearnnewwords.B．Tofurtherconfirmpreviousevidenceaboutdogs.C．Toproveextraordinarymemoryabilitiesofgifteddogs.D．Toexplorefavorableconditionsforgifteddogs’new-wordlearning.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Wewantedtoknowunderwhichconditions...fromtheEötvösLorndUniversityinHungary.”可知，研究的目的是想探索有天赋的狗在什么情况下可以学习新单词。故选D。9．Howdidthedogsreactwhenexposedtotwonewnamesinthefirstcondition?A．Slowtounderstand.B．Quicktolearn.C．Ataloss.D．Inapanic.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第五段第二句可知，在第一种情况下狗非常困惑。故选C。10．Whatwasfoundaboutdogs’new-wordlearninginthesocialcondition?A．Learningthroughplayingappliedtomostdogs.B．Thesocialconditionhelpeddogslearnnewwords.C．Dogs’new-wordlearningturnedouttobelesseffective.D．Dogssharedsimilarlearningmechanismswithchildren.答案B解析推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句可推出，社会性条件可以帮助狗狗学习新的单词。故选B。11．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．GiftedDogsCanLearnNewWordsRapidlyB．DogsIdentifyNewly-namedToysbyExclusionC