高中英语-句子成分及五种基本句型-课件

英语句子成分和基本句型1.YouhadbetteranswerthequestioninEnglish.2.TheChineseallovertheworldarehopingfortherealizationofthefourmodernizations.3.IttakesyouthreehourstogotoHongKongbyair.4.ShehasjustgotaletterfromherbrotherintheUS.5.I’llfindawaytoimproveonmyownsothatIcanmaketheteamnextyear.6.Spendingtoo

much

time

online

is

unhealthy

and

makes

it

very

difficult

to

focusonotherthingsinlife.7.Ifoundmostofmyclassmatesandteachersfriendlyandhelpful.8.Tomislookingforwardtomeetingthenewexchangestudent.9.Mothermadeabirthdaycakeforme句子包括哪些成分？句子成分详解表句子成分意义充当词类例句主语表示句子说的是什么人或什么事名，代，数，不定式，动名词，短语或句子WestudyinHuangQiaoMiddleSchool.谓语说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样动词或动词词组Sheisdancingunderthetree.宾语表示动作行为的对象同主语BothofuslikeEnglish.表语与联系动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语是什么,怎么样同主语Herfatherisachemist.Hiswordssoundreasonable.定语用来修饰名词或代词形，代，数，名,副，介词短语或句子Wehaveeightlessonseveryday.状语修饰动词，形容词，副词，表示动作发生的时间，地点，原因，目的，方式，结果等副词，介词短语或句子Heworksveryhard.TheyheldapartyinHollywood.宾语补足语逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系形容词，名词，介词短语等Shealwayskeepsthehouseclean.主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！句子成分(1)

谓主宾表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”主语Whatheneedsisabook.GinaisfromAustralia.Sheoftengoestothemovies.Doingtheworkishardforhim.主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。主语一般位于______

。1.Lucylikeshernewbike.2.Weworkhard.3.Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.4.Playingfootballafterschoolisgreatfun.句首在“Therebe…”句型中，主语的位置在

be动词之后。如：Therearesomebottlesofmilkinthebox.Thereisaduckinthelake.一、主语主语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.Thesunrisesintheeast.（）2.Helikesdancing.（）3.Twowillbeenough.()4.Seeingisbelieving.（）6.Toseeistobelieve.（）7.Whatheneedsisabook.（）8.Itisveryclearthattheelephantistalllikeatree.（）名词代词数词动名词不定式从句It作形式主语，that从句是真正的主语形式主语Itisclearthatthesunisbiggerthantheearth.It

isimportant

to

learnEnglishwell.不定式、从句等作主语时，为避头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语置句首。你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗?翻译1)Itiswrongtotellalie.()

2)Heiscleveralot.3)Itisgettingclod4)Itiseasyformetoplaythepiano.5)Theteacheriskindtous.说谎是错误的。主语在哪里Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.Whathehassaidistrue.Seeingisbelieving.（眼见为实）

说明主语“做什么”或“怎么样”,谓语通常是动词。主谓要一致谓语WeloveChina.Hehasabadcold.动词常分为实义动词,系动词,和助动词1.WeloveChina.2.Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.3.Theyareplayingoverthere.4.Sheseemstired.谓语:说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由实义动词；助动词+实义动词/系动词；系动词充当。

动词常分为实义动词,系动词,和助动词△助动词不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语.TheycanspeakEnglishwell.Theyareplayingoverthere.Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.谓语在哪里TheycanspeakEnglishwell.助动词须和实义动词一起构成谓语Helookedaftertwoboys.Theyenjoyedplayingcomputergames.lookafter照顾表示动作,行为的对象说明主语“做了什么”（所做的事）宾语CanIasksomequestions?Heislookingatthedog.宾语一般放在及物动词或介词后宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短语，不定式，动名词，从句充当．它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语、介词之后．宾语：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在_________或_______后面.1.Westudy

English.

2.Ourteacher

said

thathewouldgothere.3.Heislookingatthedog.△双宾语：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。（直物间人）

Hegavemetwobooks.及物动词介词间接宾语直接宾语Hegaveme

twobooks.Tomteachesus

English.双宾语人是间接宾语物是直接宾语常跟双宾语的词give,buy,teach二、宾语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.Shelivedahappylife.()2.Iloveyou.()3.Weneedtwo.()4.Doyoumindmyopeningthedoor?()5.HebegantolearnEnglishayearago.()6.Hedidnotknowwhattosay.()7.Didyouwritedownwhatshesaid?()8.Shefeltitherdutytotakegoodcareofthem.()名词代词数词动名词不定式疑问词+不定式从句It作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语

Mybrother

hasn’t

donehishomework.

A

B

C

DYoumustpaygood

attentionto

A

Byour

pronunciation.

C

D

宾语在哪里Summary2谓语“做….”或“怎么样”3宾语动作行为”做”的对象主语“什么人”或“什么事”1句子成分(2)定状补表说明主语“是什么”,“怎么样”位于系动词之后表语Hermotherisa

bank

clerk.Thefoodtastesdelicious.表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当．表语位于系动词后面．表语：跟在

后面的词语或从句,用来说明主语的身份,特征,状态.BeThetreesturngreen.Theflowerisbeautiful.系动词Healwayskept

silentatmeeting.Heisalwayssilentatthemeeting系动词状态系动词表示主语状态、身份等，主要有be（isamare）Iam

hungry.持续系动词表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,remain,stay等。Hebecamemadafterthat.感官系动词

主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,look等。Thisflowersmellsverysweet.变化系动词表示主语变化，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come等。表像动词表示看起来像，seem,appear,lookHelookstired.5表语表语可以用下面这些东西表示：

Heisateacher.()Myideaisthis.()Toseeistobelieve.()Ifeelmuchbettertoday./Imustbeoffnow.()Heisoutofdanger.()Thenewswasexciting./Theywereexcitedatthenews.()WhatsurprisedmemostwasthathespokeChinesesowell.()名词代词不定式从句形容词/副词介词短语分词找出表语Everythinglooksnice.Hisfaceturnedred.Heishappy.修饰名词或代词定语She’sagoodbasketballplayer.What’syourname?Thegirlwithlonghairismysister.定语：用来修饰_____.

Thisisaredcar.Thebuildingistheirteachingbuilding.Thewomandoctorismywife.Ihavesomethingtotellyou.ThemaninfrontofthedoorisMr.Li.EverystudenthasanEnglishbook.五、定语名词和代词三、定语定语可以用下面这些东西表示：It’saredcar.()Theyliveintheroomabove.()Mybrotherisateacher.()Webelongtothethirdworld.()Lucy’sfatherisapoorworker.()Mothermadeabirthdaycakeforme.()Themanunderthetreeismyteacher.()Theswimmingboyis

mybrother./Theboyswimmingintheriverismybrother.()形容词副词代词数词名词所有格名词介词短语现在分词找出定语Some

people

forgot

tosweepthefloor.

A

B

C

DTheman

downstairs

was

tryingtosleep.

A

B

C

D修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的等。状语ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachines.Hesatthere

quietly.我们都笑了。Allofuslaughed!鸟儿飞。Birdsfly!小狗跑。Thedogruns!我们都大声地笑了。Allofuslaughedoutloud!鸟儿向南飞。Birdsflytothesouth!小狗跑得像一只兔子。Thedogrunslikearabbit.Subject+Verb+AdverbialSubject+Verbadverbial

状语adverb 副词修饰动词The

dog

walkedslowlyalongthestreet(沿着街).这条狗沿着街慢慢地走着

Sheswimsverywell.状语（程度）修饰形容词He

was

very

serious,butextremelyboring.

Heisoldenoughtodecideforhimself.

他已到自己做决定的年龄了。

修饰副词He

runs

very

fast.

修饰句子Fortunately,thedriverescapedthedanger.

Thedriverescapedthedanger,fortunately.

伴随状语:伴随状语是指状语的动作伴随主句发生。Hesattherereadinganovel.The

dogenteredtheroom,followinghismaster.(这条狗跟着主人进了屋）地点状语Hesatthere.Intheclassroom,theboyneedsapen.

目的状语HermotheroftengoesouttogoshoppingonSunday.

Igotupearlythismorningtocatchthebus.四、状语状语可以用下面这些东西表示：Heisoftenlateforclass.()Wesawthatpictureatthecinema.()Hesattheresmoking.()Theyreturnedtiredandhungry.（）Theydideverythingtheycouldtosavetheboy’slife.

（）Althoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.()TheboxissoheavythatIcan’tliftit.()副词，程度介词短语，地点分词，伴随不定式，目的形容词，状态让步状语从句结果状语从句四、状语可以用下面这些东西表示：Whilemywifewasreadingthenewspaper,IwaswatchingTV.（）Hewasangrybecausewewerelate．(）Ifitrainstomorrow,wewon’tgoout.()时间状语从句原因状语从句条件状语从句找出状语He

began

writing

whenhewaseleven.

A

B

C

DThere

was

abigsmile

onherface.

A

B

C

D用来补充说明宾语的情况宾语补足语Weelectedhimourmonitor.Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.注意点某些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。比如说：Iliketokeepeverythingtidy.I'mgoingtopaintitpink.1感官动词：smell,lookat,see,watch,hear,listento,notice,observe,feel,taste.2使役动词：havelet,make,get3表示心理情感状态的词：consider,think,believe,discover,find,imagine,wish,expect等接宾补时，不定式的符号to必须省略1.Ihearhimsing.2.sawyouputthekeyinyourpocket五、宾语补足语：IconsiderJimagoodfriend.()Ialwaysfindherhappy.()Peoplepraisedhimasahero.()IhadtheTVfixed.()Isawhimenteringthebuilding.()Whatmadeyouthinkso?()Doyouwantmetogo?()形容词名词介词短语过去分词现在分词省略掉to的不定式不定式

I

saw

Mr.Wang

getonthebus.

A

B

C

DThey

callme

Lilysometimes.

A

B

C

D找出宾补Summary2定语用来修饰名词或代词3状语修饰动词，形容词或副词、句子4宾补用来补充说明宾语的情况表语“是什么”,”怎么样”1句子成份练习1、Youshouldstudyhard.2、Theteachergotveryangry.3、Theboytoldmehisstory.4、Weelectedhimourmonitor.5、Thesunkeepsuswarm.6、Itoldhimtoopenthewindow.7、Wewatchedthetrainleavingthestation.状语表语间语+直宾宾语+宾补宾语+宾补宾语+宾补宾语+宾补8.Ithinkitdifficulttofinishtheworkthismorning.9.Thereseemslittlehopesofsuccess.10、Toourjoy,theyarrivedsafe.11、Thefactisveryclearthatourteamwillwinthegame.12.Aftergraduationhewillworkwherehecamefrom.宾语+宾补主语状语同位语状语有哪几种常见的句型结构？按句子的结构可分三种：简单句、并列句和复合句。简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。e.g.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.TomandMikeareAmericanboys.Theywalked,talkedandlaughed.

简单句的五种基本句型列式如下：一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）四：ＳＶIO

DＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）主语和谓语是一句子中不可缺少的ＳＶ（是系动词）Ｐ(表语)1.This2.Thedinner3.He4.Everything5.He6.Thebook7.Theweather8.Hisface

issmells(闻)felllooksisisbecameturnedanEnglishdictionary.good.happy.different.tallandstrong.interesting.warmer.red.系动词词义不完整，在句中不能单独使用（除省略句外），后面必须接有表语，系动词和表语一起构成合成谓语。

一、系动词的分类：

常见的系动词大致可分为三类。

第一类：表示特征或状态的，有be，look，feel，seem，appear，smell，taste，sound，turnout（结果是、证明是）等。

Youdon’tlookverywell.

Ifeelrathercold.

第三类：表示保持状态的，有keep，remain，continue，stay等。

Keepquiet,children!

Itremainstobeproved.

基本句型三Ｓ+Ｖt+Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾）此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。ＳＶ（实义动词）Ｏ(宾语)1.Who

2.She3.He8.He5.They6.Danny7.I4.Heknowslaughatunderstandsmadeatelikeswantsaidtheanswer?her.English.cakes.someapples.donuts.tohaveacupoftea."Goodmorning."

基本句型四Ｓ+Ｖt+IO+DＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）

此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。ＳＶ（及物）Iｏ（多指人）DＯ（多指物）1.She2.She3.He8.He5.I6.I7.I4.He

passedcookedbroughtboughtshowedgavetoldshowed

himherhusbandyouherhimhimmeanewdress.adeliciousmeal.adictionary.nothing.mypictures.ahand.howtorunthemachine.thatthebuswaslate.

基本句型五Ｓ+Ｖt+Ｏ+Ｃ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。ＳＶ（及物）Ｏ（宾语）Ｃ（宾补）1.We2.They3.They4.They5.What6.We7.He8.Ikeeppaintedcallfoundmakessawaskedsaw

thetablethedoorsupperthehousehimhimmethem

clean.green.dinner.dirty.sad?out.tocomebacksoon.gettingonthebus.

用it做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如：Ifounditverypleasanttobewithyourfamily.并列句

定义

用法

并列句是由and,but,or,for等并列连词把两个或两个以上意义有关的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。其结构为:简单句+并列连词+简单句。并列句是初中英语语法的重点和难点,也是中考的常考知识点之一。要想真正、全面掌握并列句,就让我们一起聆听它的“四重奏”吧!定义并列句是由and,but,or,for等并列连词把两个或两个以上意义有关的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。其结构为:简单句+并列连词+简单句。并列句是初中英语语法的重点和难点,也是中考的常考知识点之一。要想真正、全面掌握并列句,就让我们一起聆听它的“四重奏”吧!定义联合并列句

并列连词:and(和、并且),其中and意为“和、又、而”，表示动作先后等，notonly...butalso...(不但……而且……)等。

and在表示条件时，可与if引导的肯定条件句转换

keeppassingtheballtoeachother,andyou”llbeOk!Ifyoukeeppassingtheballeachother,you”llbeOk!转折并列句并列连词:but(但是),however(然而),ye