(英语教程修订版2)Unit4Health

英语教程(修订版)2Unit4HealthUnit4Health4Warming-up12356ListeningReadingSpeakingWritingFunTimeWarming-upYou’dbettergotoseethedoctor…

Warming-upDoingexercisesisgoodforyourhealth.ListeningA.Youwillhearfiveshortconversationstwice.Foreachquestion,choosethebestfromthechoicesmarkedA,BorC.1.WhatdoesMr.Matsondo?A.B.C.2.Whathasn’tthemanaskedfor?A.B.C.√√Listening3.Whatdoesthewomanwant?A.B.C.4.Whatisthenewsabout?A.B.C.5.Howdidtheaccidenthappen?A.B.C.√√√ListeningB.Youwillhearaconversation.Itwillbereadtwice.Listencarefullyandchoosetherightanswertocompleteeachquestion.1.Whatcosthasincreasedagain?A.Thehospital’sbill.B.Thehealthinsurance.C.Medicine.2.Whathasbeensoexpensivelately?A.Medicine.B.Doctor’sfee.C.Medicalcare.√√Listening√√3.WhywasPeterinthehospitallastyear?A.Becausehehadanaccident.B.Becausehewasill.C.Becauseheworkedthere.4.Howmuchwasthehospitalbillforthat?A.Overthreethousanddollars.B.Lessthanthreethousanddollars.C.Threethousanddollars.5.Whopaidforallthehospitalbills?A.Peter’sparents.B.Peter.C.Thehealthinsurance.√ListeningC.Youwillhearfivesentenceswhichwillbereadthreetimes.Listen,repeatandwritedownwhatyouhear.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Haveyoueverhadanoperation?Tomhadabloodtestyesterday.Manypeoplehavehealthinsurance.Morepatientshavebeencuredsincelastyear.MedicalcostsintheUnitedStatesareveryhigh.ListeningD.Listentothedialoguetwiceandsupplythemissingwords.

Todistinguish(区分)whichfactor___________thelikelihood(可能性)ofgettinga___________,researchersisolated(隔离)a__________ofvolunteers(志愿者)attheCommonColdResearchUnit.Theyshowedthatthe_________ofgettingacoldaredirectlyrelatedto(与……有关)stress(压力).Themorestressyou________,themorelikelyyouaretobeinfected(感染).Inaddition,ifyouareunderstress,youarealsomorelikelyto___________and___________.__________aremuchmoreatrisk(有危险)ofgettingcoldsthannon-smokers.Butnon-smokerswhodrink2to3unitsofalcohol(酒)adayare___________atriskthanpeoplewhodonotdrink.Thisisagood___________thosewhodrinkmoderately(适度地).increasescoldgroupchancesfeeldrinksmokeSmokerslessnewsListeningTapescriptA.

1.F:Whoisthemanoverthere?M:He’sMr.Watson.F:Isheateacher?M:No,heisadoctor.2.F:Here’ssomecoffee.M:Oh,fantastic.Isthereanysugar?F:Sugar...Yes,ofcourse...Hereyouare.M:Thanks.F:What’sthematternow?M:Arethereanychocolatebiscuits?F:No,therearen’t.M:Oh...Listening3.M:Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?F:Justsomewater,please.M:Areyousure?F:Quitecertain.Thankyou.4.F:Haveyouheardthenews?M:No.F:There’sbeenaterribleaircrash.M:Ohdear!Wherewasit?F:AtatowncalledBanford.5.M:HowdidCarlosinjurehishand?F:Hewasbendingdowntopicksomethingupandhetouchedoneofthewheelsinthemachinenexttohim.M:Ithoughthewaswithahammer.F:No,hedidn’t.Hishandtouchedpartofthemachine.Heshouldtakemorecare.Afewminutesbeforehealmostcaughthishandinaheavydoor.ListeningB.F:Ourhealthinsurancebillcameyesterday.Thecosthasincreasedagain.M:Again?Wehavehadtwoincreasesthisyear.F:Medicalcarehasbeensoexpensivelately.M:RememberwhenPeterwasinthehospitalafterhisaccidentlastyear?F:Isuredo.Thehospitalbillsforthatwasover$3,000,andhowmuchdidthedoctorchargeus?M:Idon’tremember.Butourinsurancepaidforallthebills.F:AndPetergotexcellentcareatthehospital,didn’the?M:Yes,hedid.IguessIcan’tcomplainaboutthemoneywehavepaidforhealthinsurancealltheseyears.ListeningD.Todistinguish(区分)whichfactorincreasesthelikelihood〔可能性〕ofgettingacold,researchersisolated〔隔离〕agroupofvolunteersattheCommonColdResearchUnit.Theyshowedthatthechancesofgettingacoldaredirectlyrelatedtostress.Themorestressyoufeel,themorelikelyyouaretobeinfected.Inaddition,ifyouareunderstress,youarealsomorelikelytodrinkandsmoke.Smokersaremuchmoreatriskofgettingcoldsthannon-smokers.Butnonsmokerswhodrink2to3unitsofalcoholadayarelessatriskthanpeoplewhodonotdrink.Thisisgoodnewsforthosewhodrinkmoderately.

ReadingHealth109HilltopRoadCoventryCV47ALEngland,UK.June28,1995DearMr.Zhang,ThankyouforyourletterdatedJune10,1995.Itseemsthatyou’reinterestedinthehealthservicesintheUK.Well,Icantellyousomethingaboutthem.Whenoneisill,heorsheiseitheraprivatepatientoraNationalHealthServicepatient.MostpeoplegetsomekindofhelpfromtheNationalHealthService,andonlyafewrichpeoplecanaffordaprivatedoctor.Chinese

TheNationalHealthServiceroseoutofanideathatBritainshouldbecomeawelfarestate,onethatprovideshealth,comfortandfreedomforallitspeople.InthefiftyyearsofitsexistencetheNationalHealthServicehasreallydoneagreatjob.MostpeoplehereusuallyhaveafamilydoctorthatworksfortheNationalHealthService.Don’tgetthewrongideathatafamilydoctorseesonlyonefamily.AfamilydoctorisaGP(shortforgeneralpractitioner),andnotaspecialistlikethedentist,opticianorpharmacist.Familydoctorsoftenworktogetherinteams,sothattheycansharetheirworkandusethesamesurgery.Weusuallydon’tpayfortheservicegivenbyafamilydoctororthehospital,neitherdowepayforthemedicinewegetfromthem.ChineseHowever,ifyouhaveaneyeortoothproblem,thenyou’vegottoseeaspecialist,whochargesaslightfee.Anotherthingthatyouhavetopayforisthemedicineyougetfromapharmacistwithadoctor’sprescription.Ofcourse,ifoneisunder16orover65,orifheorsheislivingonthedole,heorshedoesn’thavetopay.Besidesthefamilydoctor,weoftengethelpfromourdistrictnurse,whosespecificjobistocheckexpectantmothersintheirhomes.AsIsaid,ifonedoesn’ttrusttheNationalHealthServiceandifheorsheisrichenough,heorshecanchoosetoseeaprivatedoctorand,whenhospitalized,heorshecanhavea“paybed〞.ButmostpeoplearesatisfiedwiththeNationalHealthService.Mostpeoplegetgoodcare—especiallytheold,theweak,andtheunemployed.Whataboutmedicalandhealthcareinyourcountry?I’mtoldChinahastheleastexpensivemedicalservicesintheworld.Youseemtohaveaquitesimilarsystemtoours.I’dbeveryhappyifyouwouldwriteandtellmeaboutit.Yourssincerely,MarkSmithChinese健康亲爱的张先生：谢谢你1995年6月10日的来信。看来你对英国的医疗保健体制很感兴趣。我可以告诉你一些有关的情况。当一个人生病时，他既可以去找私人医生也可以到国民医疗保健机构看病。大多数人都从国民医疗保健机构获得某种帮助，只有少数富人能请得起私人医生。

译文译文国民医疗保健机构的形成产生于这样一个想法：即英国应该是一个福利国家，一个为所有国民提供健康、舒适和自由的国家。在它存在的50多年里，国民医疗保健机构确实做了出色的工作。大多数人通常有一个隶属于国民医疗保健机构的家庭医生。不要以为一个家庭医生只为一个家庭看病。家庭医生是通科医生，不像牙科医生、眼科医生或药剂医师这样的专家。家庭医生通常以小组形式在一起工作，以便分工合作，共同使用同一诊所。请家庭医生或在医院看病和拿药通常都不用付费。不过，如果眼睛或牙齿出了问题，你就得去找专家，他会收取少量的费用。另外，如果你拿着医生的处方去药剂师那儿取药，就得付费。当然，如果某人年龄缺乏16岁或超过65岁，或是靠失业救济金生活，那么不需要付费。除了家庭医生外，我们通常接受本区护士的帮助。去准妈妈家中给她们检查身体是地区护士的特定职责。正像我刚刚说的，如果某人不信任国民医疗保健机构，或者他有足够的钱，他可以选择请私人医生，如果住院那么需付床位费。但是绝大多数人对国民医疗保健机构的效劳是满意的。大多数人都得到了很好的照料——特别是老人、身体虚弱的人及失业者。你们国家的医疗保健情况如何？据说中国的医疗效劳费是世界上最低的。看来，你们的医疗体制和我国很类似。如果你能写信告知有关的情况，我将会很快乐。你的忠诚的马克·史密斯译文

UK英国，为theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland〔大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国〕的缩写。2.NationalHealthService国民医疗保健机构，缩写为NHS。3.TheNHSroseoutofanideathatBritainshouldbecomeawelfarestate...国民医疗保健机构产生于要使英国成为福利国家的想法……Awelfarestate福利国家〔以保障社会平安，推行失业保险、公费医疗制度为标志的国家〕riseoutof起因于，发源于

例如：Thedisputeroseoutofmisunderstanding.这个争执起因于误解。4.GP通科医生，普通医生〔为generalpractitioner的缩写〕5.onthedole依靠失业救济金例如：

Johnhasbeenonthedolefortwoyears.乔治接受失业救济金已有两年。6.paybed〔医院内〕收费的床位payphone收费公用pay68school私立学校，收取学费的学校seemvi.似乎，好似toappeartoexistorbetrue,ortohaveaparticularqualitye.g.Anndidn’tseemverysure.Itseemsafoolishdecisionnow.seemtodosth.似乎要做...e.g.Therainbowseemedtoendonthehillside〔山坡〕.Itseems(that)似乎...，看起来...e.g.ItseemedthatFreemanhadkilledtheman,anddumped〔倾倒，丢下〕thebodyinthelake.Itseemslikely/unlikely/reasonable/clear(that)似乎很可能/不可能/合理的/清楚的...e.g.ItseemslikelythathewillmissIreland’snextmatch.seemasif/asthough/like看起来像...e.g.Itseemedasiftheendoftheworldhadcome.Itseemslikeyou’recatchingacold,Taylor.affordvt.tohaveenoughmoneytobuyorpayforsomethingAffordisalwaysusedwith“can〞,“could〞,or“beable〞.Youdon’tsaythatsomeoneaffordssomething.Yousaythatsomeonecanaffordtohave/dosomething.Don’tuseapassiveformofafford.e.g.Doyouthinkonedaywe’llbeabletoaffordanewhouse?Icouldn’taffordtherentonmyown.Wecan’taffordtowaitanylongerorwe’llmisstheplane.welfaren.1)[U]health,comfortandhappinesse.g.Ouronlyconcernisthechildren’swelfare.Heisconcernedaboutthewelfareofyoungmeninprison.2)[U]helpthatisprovidedforpeoplewithsocialorfinancialproblemse.g.Thecompany’swelfareofficerdealswithemployees’personalproblems.Thenationalfundpayswelfarebenefitssuchasunemploymentandsicknesspay.Awelfarestateisasysteminwhichthegovernmentlooksafterandpaysforpeoplewhoareill,old,orwhocannotgetajob.comfort1)n.[U]afeelingofbeingphysicallyrelaxedandsatisfied,sothatnothingishurtingyou,makingyoufeeltoohotorcold,etc.e.g.Alloursportsshoesaredesignedforcomfortandperformance.Upstairsisamoreintimatebarwhereguestscanrelaxincomfort.Nowyoucanwatchyourfavoritemoviesinthecomfortofyourownhome.2)n.[U]afeelingofnotsufferingorworryingsomuche.g.Itriedtoofferafewwordsofcomfort.Ifit’sanycomforttoyou,I’minthesamesituation.3)v.tomakesomebodywhoisworriedorunhappyfeelbetterbybeingkindtowardstheme.g.Shewasbeingcomfortedbyfamilyandfriends.Shecomfortedherselfwiththethoughtthatitwouldsoonbespring.Itcomfortedhertofeelhisarmsaroundher.sharev.tohaveorusewithanotherorotherse.g.Wedon’thaveenoughbookssoyou’llhavetoshare.Thethreeofussharedataxi.IhaveanofficethatIsharewithsomeotherteachers.besides1)prep.inadditiontooraswellaswhenwewanttoaddnewinformationtowhatisalreadyknown.e.g.Besidesliterature,wehavetostudyhistoryandphilosophy.(historyandphilosophyaswellasliterature)WhowasatthepartybesidesJackandtheBensons?(IknowaboutJackandtheBensons,butwhoelsewasthere?)WhatlanguagedoyouknowbesidesChineseandEnglish?besidesdoingsth.e.g.Hewritesnovelsandpoems,besidesworkingfortheBBC.Educationmustsowtheseedsofwisdom,besidesimplantingknowledgeandskills.Besidesbeingheartbroken,shefeltfoolish.2)adv.inadditiontosomeoneorsomethingelsejustmentionede.g.Ineedthemoney.Andbesides,whenIagreetodosomething,Idoit.Wouldthesefiguresproveanything?Andbesides,whokeepssuchstatistics?Peoplechoosejobsforotherreasonsbesidesmoney.Compare:besideprep.atthesideoforbye.g.Who’sthebigblondesittingbesidePhilip?Isatdownbesidemywife.besidesandexceptThesetwowordsaresometimesconfused.Besidesusuallyincludes:itislikesayingwith,orplus(+)Exceptexcludes:itislikesayingwithout,orminus(-)e.g.Besideshalfabottleofwhisky,hedrankthreeginsandsomebeer.Ilikealldrinksexceptwhisky.(Idon’tlikewhisky.)

specificadj.1)[onlybeforenoun]usedtoreferaparticularthingandnotsomethinggenerale.g.Couldwearrangeaspecifictimetomeet?Isthisgamemeantforaspecificage-group?Thepicturehasaspecificstyle.2)detailedandexacte.g.Mr.Howarthgaveusveryspecificinstructions.Couldyoubemorespecificaboutwhatyou’relookingfor?check1)v.todosomethinginordertofindoutwhethersomethingreallyiscorrect,true,oringoodconditione.g.You’dbetterhaveahealthcheckeveryyear.Allourmachinesaregivenregularchecks.Fillinthecashbookcarefullyandalwayscheckyourcalculations.2)n.money;billInAmericanEnglish,checkisaprintedformonwhichyouwriteanamountofmoneyandsaywhoitistobepaidto.Yourbankthenpaysthemoneytothatpersonfromyouraccount.e.g.Ellenwroteachecktothelandlady.Theysentmeacheckfor$1,000.InBritishEnglish,thiswordisspelledascheque.InAmericanEnglish,acheckisalsoapieceofpapershowinghowmuchmoneyyouoweforamealinarestaurant.e.g.Hewavedtoawaiterandgotthecheck.CanIhavethecheck,please?besatisfiedwithtofeelhappywithe.g.Ifyouaresatisfiedwithsomething,youarepleasedwithit,becauseitiswhatyouwanted.You’vedonewellatschool.I’mverysatisfiedwithyou.Areyouquitesatisfiedwithyournewhouse?Theyseemedquitesatisfiedwiththeiranswers.usedtobeginalistoftwoormorepossibilities,orusedtosaythatifonethingdoesnothappenthensomethingelsewillhaveto句型：either…or…e.g.

She’sthekindofpersonyoueitherloveorhate.It’syourchoice!EithersheleavesorIwill!Fewcanaffordeitherthecaloriesorthecostoffrequenttripstothesegourmetcandystores.ForbetterratesyoumustoperateyouraccounteitherbypostorviatheInternet.Madame,yousee,neverassumedeitherignoranceorexperience.1)usedwhenmentioningtwothingsthatarenottrueorpossiblee.g.

NeitherOleg’smothernorhisfatherspokeEnglish.Theequipmentisneitheraccuratenorsafe.Ineithercan,norwishto,excludethemediafromtheseproceedings.Inallthattimehehadneithermovednorshownanyinterestintherescueattempt.Itisneitheranobsessionnoraprojectionofhismind,althoughitcertainlydoescompelhim.句型：neither…nor…2)Don’tsay“neither...or...〞.Say“not...or...〞or“neither...nor...〞e.g.

Itwasanincredibleyear,oneinwhichtheSunswereneitherluckynorgood.Oncetheyhadgotoverthefirstshock,neitherBridgetnorTraceyseemedabletotakeherstoryentirelyseriously.Thepartyanditsleadersweredefendedneitherbywhitenorblue-collarworkersnorkolkhozfarmers.e.g.

Wedon’tknoworcarewhereheis.Neitherhenorhiswifeeatsmeat.I.Accordingtothetext,arethefollowingsentencesRightorWrong?Ifthereisnotenoughinformationtodecide,choose“Doesn’tsay〞.1.Whenoneisill,hecanalwaysgetfreehealthcareintheUK.A.Right.B.Wrong.C.Doesn’tsay.2.Theauthorhasapositiveattitude〔积极的态度〕towardsthehealthserviceintheUK.A.Right.B.Wrong.C.Doesn’tsay.3.InChina,mostpeopleusuallyhaveafamilydoctor.A.Right.B.Wrong.C.Doesn’tsay.√√√

4.PeopleintheUKusuallypayfortheservicegivenbyafamilydoctororthehospital.A.Right.B.Wrong.C.Doesn’tsay.5.TheNHSprovidesalotofmedicalcarefortheBritishpeople.A.Right.B.Wrong.C.Doesn’tsay.√√II.Choosethebestendingfromtheboxbelowtocompleteeachofthesentences.A.oftenworktogetherinteamsB.anexpertinchemistryC.aprivatedoctorD.seeadentistE.skilledinpreparingmedicinesF.afamilydoctorG.hasreallydoneagreatjobH.onlyseeonefamily1.Onlyafewrichpeoplecanafford___________.2.InthefiftyyearsofitsexistencetheNHS__________.3.Familydoctors__________.4.Apharmacistisapersonwhois__________.5.Ifyouhaveatoothproblem,you’vegotto____________.CGAEDIII.Fillintheblankswiththewordsorexpressionsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.either...oraffordsharepayforonthedolebesatisfiedwithcheckbesidessothatchoose1.Finishthis____________youcanstartanother.2.After___________thehouse,hegotthekeytoit.3.I’mnotsurewherehe’sfrom.He’s__________Spanish___________Italian.4.____________English,wehavetostudyRussian.5.Icouldn’t__________anewcar,soIboughtasecond-handone.6.Theycan’tlive______________forever.Theyneedtofindajobtomakealiving.sothatpayingforeitherorBesidesaffordonthedole7.Thestudentsfinishedtheexercisesandthen____________theanswerswiththeteacher.8.TomandJack___________thesameroom.9.Doyouwantto____________yourownlifeortohaveyourlife____________byyourparents?10.Theguests__________________theserviceofthehotel.chosensharechoosecheckedaresatisfiedwithIV.MatcheachwordinColumnAwithasimilarmeaninginColumnB.fhjgbcadeiV.Fillintheblankswiththeproperformofthewordsgiveninthebrackets.Wegotincredibly(难以置信地)good(serve)_______atthatFrenchrestaurant.2.Shecan’tgotoschoolbecausesheis(illness)_______.3.Attheageof80shestillleadsaverybusyand(interest)____________life.4.It’salovelyhouseandwe’vebeenvery(happiness)____________here.5.Thedoctorgavehima(medicine)___________examination.serviceillinterestinghappymedical6.Wedon’thaveenoughbookssoyou’llhaveto(share)_______.7.(usual)__________,I’lljustgetasandwichforlunch.8.Freeparking(provide)___________forhotelguests.9.Lucyworksasanurseatthelocal(hospitalize)_________.10.Howwouldyouliketo(payment)_______?shareUsuallyisprovidedhospitalpayV.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1.Generalpractitioners(GPs)lookafterthehealthofpeopleintheirlocalcommunityanddealwithawiderangeofhealthproblems.全科医生负责所辖社区居民的健康，处理各种各样的健康问题。2.MostpeoplegetsomekindofhelpfromtheNHS,andonlyafewrichonescanaffordaprivatedoctor.大多数人都从英国国民医疗保健系统获得某种帮助，只有少数富人能请得起私人医生。3.Familydoctorsoftenworktogetherinteams,sothattheycansharetheirworkandusethesamesurgery.家庭医生常常以小组形式一起工作，以便分工协作，共同使用同一诊所。4.Besidesthefamilydoctor,weoftengethelpfromourdistrictnurse,whosespecificjobistocheckexpectantmothersintheirhomes.除了家庭医生外，我们通常得到社区护士的帮助。去准妈妈的家中给她们检查身体是社区护士的特定职责。5.UnlikeBritain，theUSdoesnothaveanationalhealthcareservice.Thegovernmentdoeshelppayforsomemedicalcareforpeoplewhoonlowincomesandforoldpeople,butmostpeoplebuyinsurancetohelppayformedicalcare.Theproblemsofthosewhocannotaffordinsuranceareanimportantpoliticalsubject.与英国不同，美国没有国民医疗效劳制度。美国政府虽然为老人和低收入群体支付一些医疗费用，但是，大局部美国人自己买保险支付医疗费用。但有些人没有能力买保险，这就成了一个重要的政治问题。

SpeakingUsefulsentencepatternsWhenIamill,Igotoadoctor.2)EverytimeIhaveaheadache/stomachache/toothache,Momtakesmetothedoctor.3)Ithinkwemusteattherightfood.4)Youneedtohaveyoureyes,earsandbloodpressurechecked.5)Eatalotoffruitandvegetables.Drinkmilkandjuice.They’vegotalotofvitamins.Speaking6)Idon’tfeelmyselflately.7)Doesthismedicinehaveanyside-effects(副作用)？8)Ihateinjections(打针).CanItakethemedicineorally?9)WhatkindoffoodshouldIeat?ShouldIhaveaspecialdiet?10)Isthereanythingmoreimportantthanhealth?Idon’tthinkso.Youcan’tbegoodatyourstudiesorworkwellwhenyouareill.2.Health1)PairworkTalkwithyourpartnerabout:Doyouoftengetill?Whyorwhynot?(2)Whatdoyoudowhenyouareill?2)Discussion(1)Doyouoftenlaugh?Whatoftenmakesyoulaugh?(2)Howcanyoumakeyourselfandyourfriendslaughoften?(3)Doyouagreethatlaughteristhebestmedicine?Whyorwhynot?(4)What’sthebestwayoflifedoyouthinkthatwouldleadtogoodhealth?3)RoleplayListentoListeningB(page63)again.TwostudentsactasPeterandJohn,Peter’sfriend.JohngoestothehospitaltoseePeteratvisitinghours.Theygreeteachother,talkaboutwhyPeteristhere,andJohngivesadviceonhowPetercouldbewellassoonaspossible.Speaking1.英语信函的书写格式如下：WritingAddress〔写信人地址〕Date〔写信日期〕Name〔收信人姓名〕______________________Address〔收信人地址〕______________________Salutation〔称呼语〕________________________Bodyoftheletter〔书信正文〕__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Complimentaryclosing〔结尾敬语〕Signature〔签名〕WritingSampleIndustryCollege25DongsanhuanZhongluBeijing100034HaidingVocationalSchool66HaidingRoadBeijing100089April29,2007DearSirorMadam,Iamwritingtoaskforinformationabouttraini