上海的英文导游词

第页码页码页/总共NUMPAGES总页数总页数页上海的英文导游词导游词的宗旨是通过对旅游景观绘声绘色地讲解、指点、评说，帮助旅游者欣赏景观，以达到游览的最佳效果。下面是关于上海的英文导游词，分享给你们。谢谢支持。上海玉佛寺英文导游词Ladiesandgentlemen,todaywearegoingtovisitafamousBuddhisttempletheJadeBuddhaTemple.Beforevisitingthetemple,I’dliketosayafewwordsaboutthereligioussituationinShanghai.OurconstitutionstipulatesthateveryChinesecitizenisensuredthefreedomofreligiousbelief.TherearefourmajorreligionsinpracticeinShanghai,namely,Buddhism,Taoism,Islam,andChristianity,whichissub-dividedintotheCatholicChurchandtheProtestantChurch.WhenitcomestoBuddhisttemplesinChina,theyareusuallyclassifiedintothreesects,i.e.templesformeditation,forpreachingandforpracticingBuddhistdisciplines.TheJadeBuddhaTempleisatempleformeditation,andiswell-knownbothathomeandabroad.ThetemplewasfirstbuiltduringthereignofEmperorGuangxuofQingDynasty,whenamonknamedHuiGenwentonapilgrimagetoBurmaandbroughtbackfivejadestatuesofSakyamuni.OnhiswaybacktoMountPutuoviaShanghai,helefttwojadestatueshere,oneinsittingpostureandtheother,reclining.Hehadatemplespeciallybuiltasashrineforthesetwostatuesin1882.laterthetemplewaspartlydestroyedbyfireandin1928anewtemplewascompletedonthepresentsite.Justoppositethetemplegate,therestandsagiantscreenwall.Variousdesigns,suchasdragon,phoenix,elephant,craneandpeonyarecarvedonit.InChineselegend,allthesethingsareconsideredthesymbolsoffortune,wealth,longevityandauspiciousness.Chinesepeopleusedtosetupawallinfrontofthehousesoastokeeptheevilsaway.Nowladiesandgentlemen,pleaseturnaround.Herewecanseethetemplegate.ItisalsocalledtheSanmenGate,orsay,theGateofThreeExtrications.ThedoorinthemiddleiscalledtheDoorofEmptiness,toitsrightistheDoorofNon-phenomenon,andtoitsleft,theDoorofNon-Action.SanmenGateisalsocalledtheMountainGatebecausemostfamoustemplesinChinaarefounddeepinmountains.ButtheSanmengatedoesnotopenexceptonthefirstandthefifteenthofeverylunarmonth.Nowthiswaytotheentrance.Ladiesandgentlemen,thefirsthallistheHeavenlyKingHall.Wewillusethereardoor,pleasefollowme.(intheHeavenlyKingHallnexttothesouthernentrance)Herewecanfindthestatueofafatandsmilingmonkwithbaredbelly.HeisBodhisattvaMaitreya.Hissmileissocontagiousthatyouwillsmilewithhimandforgetallyourworries.SoheisalsocalledtheLaughingBuddha.AccordingtoBuddhistscripture,heisnowpracticingBuddhismintheTusitaHeaven.After4000years,whichisequalto5.67billionyearsontheearth,hewillbecomesuccessortoSakyamuniunderaLongHuaTreeinHualinGarden.HenceanothernametheFutureBuddha.ButthisstatueweseehereisnottherealimageofBodhisattvaMaitreya,itisjusthisincarnation..itissaidthatDuringtheFiveDynastiesPeriod,1000yearsago,therelivedinFenhuainZhejiangProvinceamonknamedQiCi,whoalwayscarriedawoodenstaffwithaclothsackonhisshoulder.Heoftenwentaroundtownsandinstreetstobegalms.Thereforehebecameknownas"theClothSackMonk".Healwayssmiledandlaughed,lookingashappyasever.Whenhewasdying,heleftthemessagesayingthathewastheincarnationofBodhisattvaMaitreya.SohisimageisenshrinedintheBuddhistTempleastheincarnationofBodhisattvaMaitreya.(ontheeasternsideoftheHeavenlyKingHall)Onthetwosidesofthehallareenshrinedfourstatues.Theyareso-calledFourHeavenlyKings.IntheBuddhistlegend,thereisinthecenteroftheworldahighestmountaincalledMountSumeru.HalfwayonitisamountaincalledMountGhandarawithfourpeaks.OneachpeaklivesaHeavenlyKingprotectingtheBuddhistheaven.ThefirstoneistheSouthernKingKingofDevelopingMerits.Hisdutyistoeducatealllivingcreaturesanddevelopking-heartedness.Heisholdingaswordinhishandwhichcanemitaraytochopofftheenemies’heads.TheonenexttohimistheEasternKingKingofProtectionforBuddhism.Heisholdinginhishandapipa,whichissomewhatlikeaguitar.Withthispipa,heoffersmusictotheBuddha.Meanwhilethispipaisamagicweapon.Itcansendoutamusicalrhythmtodefeattheenemybytormentingbrainandcausinghimtolosecombatability.Nowladiesandgentlemen,pleasecomeovertothisside.(onthewesternsideoftheHeavenlyKingHall)ThefirstoneonthissideistheNorthernKingKingofVirtue.Heissocalledbecauseofhisvirtue.Heisholdingaparasol-shapedstelainhishand.TheparasolcanbeopenedintoacanopyinBuddhistprocessions.Itisatthesametimeamagicumbrella.Onceitisopenedinthebattlefield,theskyturnsdarkandawind-stormrises,defeatingtheenemywithadizzyspellandthenitclosesupcapturingalltheenemies.NexttohimistheWesternKingKingofFarSight.Heobservestheworldwithhispenetratingeyes.Heisholdingadragon-shapedsilkrope.Theropeisactuallyanet,withwhichheconvertspeopletoBuddhismjustlikecatchingfishwithanet.Thisdragonalsohasamagicpower.Itcanspurtwaterfromitsmouthanddrowntheenemyinfloods.(intheHeavenlyKingHallnexttothereardoor)TheStatuefacingthereardoorisBodhisattvaSkanda.Heisalwaysdressedinarmourwithaworrior’sclubinhishand.OriginallyhewasoneoftheeightheavenlygeneralsundertheSouthernKingofDevelopingMerits.Laterhehasbeenenshrinedherebecauseofhisbravery.Heisalsoagodofmessage,afleet-footrunner,sowhenvisitorscometothetemple,hewillimmediatelyreporttotheBuddhaintheGrandHall.Nowladiesandgentlemen,that’sallfortheHeavenlyKingHall.Pleasefollowmeandlookoutthethresholdandthesteps.Nowwecanseeagianttripodinthecourtyard.Itisactuallyagiantincenseburner.ItwasdonatedbysomeBuddhistlaymenwhobelievedthatbydonatingsomethingtheBuddhatheycanhelppurifythesoulsoftheirdeadrelativesfromsinsandrelievethemfrompurgatory.Nowthisisthemainhall,knownastheGrandHallorGrandHalloftheGreatSage.ItisthemainstructureineveryBuddhisttemple,wherethestatueofSakyamuni,thefounderofBuddhismisenshrined.(intheGrandHall)Ladiesandgentlemen,inthemiddleofthehallisthestatueofSakyamuni,thefounderofBuddhism.OnhisrightisMedicineBuddhaandonhisleftisAmitabhaBuddha.Eachisseatedonalotusblossomandhasabackhalo.Sakyamuni’soriginalnamewasSiddharthaGautama.HewasacontemporaryofConfucius.Hewasborntoawarrior’sfamilyintheHimalayanfoothillinancientIndia,orsay,inpresent-dayNepal.Hespenthisyouthingreatluxury.Butherenouncedthehumanworldattheageof29insearchofanultimatesolutiontotheproblemsofhumansufferings.Aftersixyearsofspiritualdisciplinehegotenlightenedattheageof35.hespenttheremaining45yearsofhislifeteachinghisreligionandestablishingacommunityformonkstocontinuehiswork.Hewasentitled"Sakyamuni",whichmeans"thegreatsageoftheSakyaClan".Hediedattheageof80.OnhischestthereisasignthatresemblesaswastikabutithasnothingtodowithHitler’sfascismbecauseitisinaninvertedorder.Itisactuallyareligioustalismanusedinancientorient,symbolizingtheconcentrationofhappinessandauspiciousness.TheMedicineBuddhaisresponsiblefortheEasternBrightWorld.Sincehecanrelievepeopleofallpainsandsufferings,heiscalledtheMedicineBuddha.Heisholdingawheel,whichsignifiestheunremittingeffortofconvertingpeopletoBuddhismjustliketurningawheel.AmitabhaBuddhaisinchargeoftheWesternParadise.HeisholdingagoldenlotusblossomstandwithwhichheextraditesBuddhistbelieverstotheWesternPureLand,thereforeheisalsocalledtheBuddhaofGuidance.InfrontoftheMedicineBuddhaisahollowwoodenfish.Itisactuallyaninstrumentusedbythemonkstoaccompanythechantingoftheirprayers.Butdoyouhappentoknowwhyitisinthepatternofafish?Nowletmetellyouaboutit.Themonksthinkthatfishisthemostdiligentanimalintheworldbecauseitneverclosesitseyes,thereforetheimageofthefishisusedtoadvisepeoplethattheyshouldpracticeBuddhismasdiligentlyasthefish.Onbothsidesofthehallstand20HeavenlyGods,allprotectorsofBuddhistlaws.TheyallbendslightlyasiftheyarelisteningattentivelytoSakyamuni’spreaching.ThefirstoneontherightsideisBrahma,thechiefgodofBrahmanisminancientIndia.ItwasbelievedinancientIndiathatalllivingcreaturesintheworld,includinggodsandmen,werecreatedbyhimandhewasthushonoredastheGreatCreator.NexttohimisYamaraja,theGodofHell,whoisinchargeofthenetherworld.ThefourthoneonthissideisGoddessofLovingChildren.Thereisaninterestingstoryabouther.Itissaidthatbeforeshebecameagoddessshewasawickedwoman.Sheherselfhadmanychildren,500inall,including3sonsand497daughters.HerfavoritechildwasheryoungestsonnamedAiNu,nowstandingbyherside.Asshealwaysatethechildrenofotherpeople,Buddhadecidedtoconverther.Oneday,hehidAiNuinajar.Whenthewomanfoundherchildmissingshelookedforhimeverywherebutcouldnotfindhim.ThenBuddhacameuptoherandsaid,"Ifyouareworriedwhenyourchildismissing,whataboutothermotherswhosechildrenyouhaveeaten?"Fromthenonshebegantodisciplineherselfandfinallybecameagoddess.ThisistheEmperoroftheSolarPalace,orsaytheChineseApolo,oppositehimistheChineseDiana,theemperoroftheLunarPalace.ThelaststatueonthissideistheDragonKing.(atthebackoftheGrandHall)Ladiesandgentlemen,behindthestatueofSakyamunithereisagiantmuralsculpture.InthemiddleisthestatueofBodhisattvaGuanyin.GuanyinwasoriginallynamedGuanshiyinbutlaterabbreviatedintoGuanyinbecausethecharacter"shi"wasoneofthecharactersintheTangEmperorLiShimin’snameandwasconsideredaforbiddenname.GuanyinoftentakestheimageofagoddessinordertoconvertwomentoBuddhism.Actuallyhecanincarnateinto32imagestoconvertpeoplefromallwalksoflifeandrelievepeoplefromallkindsofsufferings.Anylivingcreatureintroubleneedsonlytorecitehisnameandhewillrespondtothecryandreadilycometohelpridingontheheadofahugeturtle.That’swhyheisdescribedasaBodhisattvaofGreatMercy.Byhertwosidesarehertwodisciples,SanCaitheboyandLongNuthegirl.AboveGuanyinisastatueofSakyamuniwhenhewasdoingasceticpracticesinaforest.Amonkeyontherightisofferingpreachestohimandadeerontheleftisgivinghimmilktodrink.NowafewwordsaboutSanCai,theboyandLongNu,thegirl.ItissaidthatwhenSanCaiwasborn,anumberoftreasurescamewithhim,hencehisname.Bytheway,"Can"inChinesemeans"wealth".HewaslaterconvertedbyBodhisattvaManjusri,theBodhisattvaofGreatWisdom,andwentonapilgrimagetothesouthinsearchofteaching.Hewasgoingtocallon53teachersandthenmetGuanyin,hopingtoobtaintheguidancetobuddhahood.Therearealtogether53statuesonthemuralsculpture,excludingthe18arhats.TheywereallsupposedtobeSanCai’steachers.Hecametothemoneaftertheother.Guanyinwashis27thteacher.LongNu,thedaughterofDragonKing,wasagenius.Attheageof8sheoftenattendedlecturesbyManjusri.LatershemettheBuddhaandattainedbuddhahood.Beloware18arhats,alldisciplesofSakyamuni.AccordingtoBuddhistscripture,SakyamuniaskedthemtostaypermanentlyontheearthtohelpconvertpeopletoBuddhism.Arhatshavethreecharacteristics,namely,theycanridofallworries,theyshouldbesupportedandofferedbyallpeople,andtheyenternirvanaonceforallandneverincarnateagain.(intheHalloftheRecliningBuddha)LadiesandGentlemen:inthemiddleofthehallwecanseeajadestatueoftherecliningBuddha.ThisisSakyamuniinhisdeathbed,orsay,enteringnirvana.Wecanseehimlookingslightlyupwardandrecliningonhisrightarm.Somemayaskwhyhelookssocalmandcarefree.Itissaidthatinhisentirelife-timehehadtaught500disciples,therefore,hefeltnoworrybecausehefirmlybelievedthathisdiscipleswouldcarryforwardhisprinciplesandpreachhisdoctrinestoemancipatemankind.Thisstatue,96cmlong,iscarvedoutofasinglepieceofjade.ItwasbroughtfromBurmatogetherwiththeotherstatueinsittingposture.Thecarvingwasexquisitelydonewithdelicatefeaturesandaslenderfigure,itisconsideredarareBuddhistrelic,whichcontributestoJadeBuddhaTemple’sreputation.Nowladiesandgentlemen,overherewecanseefourpicturesonthewallofthehallwhichdescribethelifestoryofSakyamuni.Thefirstone,"Tonsure",describesSakyamunihavinghisheadtonsuredandclotheschangedintoamonk’srobewhenhecameamonkattheageof29;thesecond,"Enlightenment",aftersixyearsasceticpracticehebecameenlightenedandattainedbuddhahoodattheageof35;thethird,"Preaching",Sakyamuniispreachingtohisfirstfivedisciples;andthefourth,"Nirvana",Sakyamunienterednirvanaattheageof80.(beforeenteringtheJadeBuddhaChamber)Ladiesandgentlemen,wearegoingtovisitthelastmainstructureontheaxistheJadeBuddhaChamber.Itislocatedonthesecondfloor.Pleasedonottakepicturesorvideotape-recordinginthechamber.(intheJadeBuddhaChamber)LadiesandGentlemen,thestatueinfrontofusistheJadeBuddhainsittingposture.SinceBuddhismisaleadingreligioninChina,thereareagreatnumberofstatuesofSakyamunialloverthecountry,andmostofthemaremadeoutofstone,clay,orwood,butajadestatueoftheBuddhaofthissizeisrare.Itis1.92meterinheightand1.34meterinwidth.Thejewelsonhishead,armsandfeetareallgenuineones.TheyweredonatedbyBuddhistbelievers.Thestatuewascarvedoutofasinglepieceofjade.Itissoftinluster,evenincolor,pureandflawlessintextureandexquisiteinworkmanship.ThisstatuereflectsSakyamuni’sgettingenlightened.Wecanseethathislefthandrestsonhisleftkneeshowinghisgreatdeterminationofdeepmeditationwhilehisrighthandstretchesoutontothegroundindicatingthathehaddevotedhimselftotheemancipationofallmankindandthiscouldonlybewitnessedbythegreatearth.WhenmonkHuiGenfoundthejadeinBurma,hehaditexcavatedunderthepermissionoftheBurmeseKingandhadtheTibetanartisanscarveitintoaBuddhaStatue,soitisacrystallizationofthefriendshipofdifferentnations.Thisstatuelookslife-like,withgentleandsoftfeaturesandisconsideredapreciousrelicofBuddhistart.Thisisthereasonwhythetempleenjoysahighreputation.InthecabinetsonbothsidesarekeptacompletesetofBuddhistscripture,DaZangSutra,whichwasblock-printedin1870.thissetofscripturecoversSakyamuni’steachingsbymoth,Buddhistdoctrines,andBuddhisttheories.(inthecourtyardinfrontoftheAbbot’sRoom)ThisistheAbbot’sRoom,wheretheabbotpriestlives.Itisalsoasermonhallwherethemonksattendlecturesbytheabbotpriest.OnthemiddlewallishungtheportraitofPriestDharma,honoredasthefounderoftheChanSectinChineseBuddhism.上海豫园英文讲解导游词YuyuanGarden,locatedinthesouthernpartofShanghai,isafamousclassicgarden.Theownerofthegarden,PanYunduan,onceatreasurerofSichuanProvince,hadthegardenbuilttopleasehisparentsintheiroldage.Hencethenameofthegarden"Yu",whichmeans"pleasingone’sparents".Theconstructionstartedin1559butwentonandoffforlackofmoneyanddidnotcometocompletiontill28yearslater.Unfortunately,Pan’sfatherdidnotlivetoseethegardencompleted.What’smore,thePanswentdownthedrainandhisdescendentswereeagertosellthegarden.SomebusinessmensoonboughtitatalowpriceandincorporateditintotheCityGodTempletobecomeits"WestGarden",andlaterturneditintomanytradeguildoffices.DuringtheOpiumWarandtheTaipingRevolution,foreignaggressorsstationedtheirtroopsinthegardenformorethanonce.So,thegardenexperiencedrepeatedcalamitiesinitshistoryandlostmuchofitsformergrandeur.Withthecareofthepeople’sgovernmentsince1949,YuyuanGardenhasgonethroughmanyrenovationswiththerecentonecarriedoutin1987torestoreitseasternpart.Andsince1982,ithasbeenunderthespecialprotectionoftheStateCouncil.YuyuanGardenisaresidencegardenandoneofthebestinsouthernChina.Althoughasmallone,withanareaofonly2hectares,itstrikesvisitorsasquitelargebecauseofitszigzaglayout.Withpavilions,halls,chambers,towers,pondsandrockeries,itpresentsmorethan40vistapoints.Atleast10,000peoplevisitthegardeneveryday.Nowonderpeoplesay"ThosewhohavecometoShanghaibutmissedYuyuanGardenandtheCityGodTempleBazaarcannotclaimthattheyhavebeentothecity."Beforeenteringthegarden,youwillseeabeautifullotuspond.Acrossthepondisabridgewithapavilioninthemiddle.TheMid-lakePavilionwasrebuiltin1784andconvertedintoateahouse80yearsago.OneofthebestinShanghai,thetea-houseisapopularplaceforseniorcitizens,whoenjoychattingwitheachotheroveracupoftea.Bythetea-houseisanine-zigzagbridge.ThebridgeisanindispensablepartofaChinesegarden.Itdividesupthewaterspace.Azigzagbridgeslowsdownvisitors’pacesothattheymayenjoythescenerymoreleisurelyanditalsoenablesthemtohaveadifferentviewwhenevertheymakeaturn.Butwhyninezigzags?Itisbecause"nine"isthebiggestdigitbeforetenandis,therefore,aluckynumber.ThisistheThreeCorn-earHall,thelargestandtallestinthegarden.Calledthe"HallofHappinessandLongevity"atfir5st,itwasaplacewherethehostentertainedhisguestsandheldbanquets.Therearethreeplaquesinthehall.Thetopplaqueis"MountainsandForestsintheCity".ItexpressesPanYunduan’sloveforlandscape.AsShanghailiesinaflatcountrywithnomountainsorforestsaround,hehadthegardenbuiltwithplentyoftreesandplantsandrockeries,hopingtobringnaturalbeautyintoit.Themiddleplaqueis"LinTaiJinShi"."LinTai"referstothehighterracewheretheKingofZhouDynastyofferedsacrificestohisancestors.Thehallusedtobeaplaceforthegentrytoexplainandstudytheimperialedicts,sothisplaqueisusedtosuggestthisfunction.Thethirdplaqueis"ThreeCorn-earHall".Afterthehallwasturnedintoanofficeforthericeandbeanbusinessmen,thenamewaschangedinto"ThreeCorn-earHall",reflectingthewishesofbusinessmenforarichharvest.Forthesamereason,therearecropsandfruitscarvedonthedoorsofthehall.YuyuanGardenboastsmanylatticewindows,whicharefoundinthecorridorsandonthewalls.Theywerecoveredbypapersorfoilsofshells400yearsagobeforeglasswasintroducedasconstructionmaterial.Builtwithamixtureofclay,limeandalum,eachofthempresentsadifferentdesign.OnthewindowsneartheThreeCorn-earHallaredesignsofpine,crane,andlinzhiherb,whichsymbolizefortune,wealth,longevityandhappiness.BehindtheThreeCorn-earHallstandtheYanshanHall(HallforViewingtheMountain)builtin1866.Oppositethehallisabeautifulrockery.DesignedbyZhangNanyang,afamouslandscapearchitect,itisararityinsouthernChina.Whilesippingteawithyourfriendsinthehall,astheownerdid,youcanenjoytherockeryinfront.Asisdescribedbythewordsontheplaqueinthehall"HighMountainRidges",the-merter-highrockeryhill,dumpedwith2,000tonsofrocks,isnotedforitssteepcliffsandhidden,windingpaths.Itisnoexaggerationtosaythattherockeryisthecrystallizationofthewisdomandcreativenessoftheworkingpeopleastomovetherocksfrom200-kilometer-awayWukanginZhejiangProvincealonewasnoeasyjobatall.Whatismoreamazingisthattherockswerestucktogetherbycookedglutinousricemixedwithalumandlime,foratthattimecementwasnotavailable.Visitorsfeelasiftheywereonrealmountainridgesoncetheyascendtherockerycoveredwithtreesandflowersandwithstreamsflowingdowntheslopesintothepondbelow.Thepaviliononthehilltop,thehighestpointinShanghai400yearsago,commandedanexcellentviewoftheHuangpuRiverbysailsandmasts,hencethename"PavilionforViewingtheRiver".AbovetheYangshanHallisthe"RainRollingTower"withitsnamedderivedfromtheTangDynastypoetWangBo’spoem.Averseofitreads"DuskfindsthepearlcurtainrollinguptheraindriftingfromWesternHill."Itistruethatonthefoursidesofthehallthereusedtobepearlcurtains,whichgaveoffakindofrain-likesoundagainstthewind.Whileenjoyinginthehalltheexcellentviewsoftherockeryandpondfulloflotusblossomsandgoldfish,visitorsseemtohearthesoundofrain,thusfeelingcarriedawaybythepoeticsurroundingwithmountainsintherain.Behindtherockeryisawalltoppedwithadragon,calledtherecliningdragon.Therearefivedragonwallsinthegarden,dividingthegardenintodifferentscenicsections.InYuyuanGardentherearemanybrickcarvingsandclaysculptures,datingbacktotheQingDynasty,300yearsago.Hereisaclaysculpturecalled"PlumWivesandCraneSons".ThelegendconnectedwiththecarvingdescribesLinHeqingwholovedplumandcraneasiftheywerehiswifeandson.Hencethetitle.Thoughagreatpoet,Linfelloutoffavor.Disappointed,helivedinseclusioninacountryco9ttageontheGushanHillinHangzhou.Duringthetwentyyearsofhisstaythere,hedidnothingbutplantplumtreesandraiseacrane.Everyyear,whentheplumbloomed,hesimplystayedathomeandenjoyedtheplumblossoms.Thatwaswhyhewasabletowriteanumberofbeautifulpoemsinpraiseofplumtrees,whichhaveeversincebeengreatlyadmiredandrecitedbypeople.HiscraneWunowasalsoagreathelptohim.When,occasionally,hisfriendscalledonhimandfoundhimout,hiscranewouldflyaround.Seeingthecrane,hegotthemessagethatwouldreturnhomeimmediatelytoreceivehisguests.Thedeathofitsmastermadthecranesosadthatitstoodinfrontofhistombdayafterday,cryingtillitdied.ThecranewasburiednotfarfromLin’stomb.BythesideofWono’stomb,apavilion,theCranePavilion,wasbuiltinmemoryofthisfaithfulandloyalwadingbird.Perhaps,Mr.PanYunduanusedthisclaysculpturetoexpresshisideathatheandMr.LinHeqinghadthesamefate.Thebrickcarvingontherightdescribesawarriorwhocameoutfirstinthemilitaryexaminationsatthreelevels.Attheentrancetothecorridoraretwoironlions.CastintheYuanDynasty,theyarenearly700yearsold.IronlionsareveryrareinChinaasmostofthemaremadeofwoodorstone.Regardedasthekingofanimals,lionsignified"dignity"and"majesty".Suchlions,usuallyputinfrontofpalacesorcourts,weremeanttoshowtheowner’sprowess.Itisveryeasytotellthesexofthetwolions.Theruleisthatthefemaleoneisalwaysputtotheleftwhilethemaleonestandsontheright.Whatismore,thefemalelionfondlesababy,whilethemaleplayswithaball.ThereisanoldsayinginChina,"Thelion’scubhastolearnhowtoroughit."Themotherlionmakesitapointtogivethebabyahardtimesothatitwillbetrainedintoabraveanimal.Fromthewaythelionkeepsitunderherpaws,weknowthatitisthefemale.ThesetwolionswereoriginallyfoundinAnyangCounty,HenanProvince.TheywereshippedtoTokyoanddidnotreturntoChinauntilthevictoryoftheAnti-JapaneseWarin1945.However,theywereputamongscrapsundertheKMT’sregime,whichdidnotcareaboutthehistoricalrelics.Theywererecoveredafter1949andmovedtothisgarden.Wearenowwalkingthroughthecorridor.Acorridorprovidesthelinkbetweenbuildingsinancientgardens.Appearingindifferentformsstraightorzigzag,highorlow,hill-climbingorwater-hugging,acorridorisavisitor’sguideline.Itdividesupthespaceandcombinestheviews.Witheverystepthevisitortakesfollowingacorridor,theviewchanges.Atechniqueinbuildingcourtgardensistocreateparalleledviews.Thatistosaythepavilions,halls,chambers,andtowersshouldmatcheachother.Hereisacaseinpoint.StandingontheRainRollingTowerandlookingontheright,visitorsseemstoseealandscapepaintingdominatedbytherockeryresemblingarealmountain.Whenvisitorsontopoftherockerycasttheireyestotheirleft,theywillbestruckbyagenrepaintingcenteredontowersandchamberswithpavilions,bridges,andpondstuckedawayasthebackground.Therockinthemiddleofthecorridorlookslikeayounglady.Itservestoblockthescenerybehind.ItisanothertechniqueinChinesegardenbuilding.Theplaqueabovesays"GraduallyEnteringtheWonderland".Itmeansthatyoushouldslowlyfollowthewindingcorridorinordertoreallyappreciatethebeautifulviewsahead.Youcannowseeanotherbrickcarvingonyourleft.TheoldmanholdingawalkingstickistheGodofLongevity.Heisdistinguishedbyanabnormallylarge,protrudingforehead,whichisdeeplylinedandcrownedwithsnow-whitehair.Heisalegendaryfiguresaidtobeinchargeofthelifespanofmankind.AbovetheGodofLongevityistheGoddessofMercy.ThisisHappyFishWatersidePavilion.Surroundedbywateronthreesides,itisagoodplaceforenjoyinggoldfishswimminghappilyinthepond.Thepavilionoftenremindsvisitorsofthedialoguebetweentwoancientphilosophers,ZhuangZiandHuiZi.Oncetheycametoapondlikethis,ZhuangZisaid,"Thefishmustbeveryhappy."HuiZiaskedhim,"Howdoyouknowtheytheyarehappysinceyouarenotfish?"Theformeranswered,"HowdoyouknowthatIdonotknowtheyarehappysinceyouarenotme?"Visitorsdofindthemselvesinahappyframeofmindwhentheyhearthesoundofflowingwaterandseethegoldfishswimmingfreelyinthelimpidwaterofthepond.ThissmallareaitselfisagardenasitiscompletelywiththebasicelementscalledforbyaChinesegarden:plant,water,building,androck.Thepond,partitionedinthemiddlebyacrenellatedwallwiththewaterflowingthroughanarchedopeningatthefootofthewall,lookingdeeperandlongerthanitself.Thisiswhatwecallcreatingthemaximumspaceoutofasmallarea.Ifyoureyesfollowthestreambeyondthearch,youwillseeinthewaterthereflectionofpeopleandsceneryontheothersideofthewall.Thisisthetechniqueof"sceneryborrowing".Itmeansusingthescenery"borrowed"fromoutsidethewallasthesetofftoenrichtheviewsinsideandmakethetwobecomeone.Thereisa300-yearoldwisteriaatthecorner.Itissaidthetreeoncewitheredbutcameintobloomagain.Somepeopleregardwisteriaasasymbolofwelcomingguests.Whensummersetsin,thetreeisladenwithwhite,butterfly-likeflowers,whichgiveoffrefreshingfragrance.ThisistheDoubleCorridorpartitionedbyawallwithopenwindows.Whenyoulookthroughthewindows,youwillseedifferentviewsliketraditionalChinesepaintingsinframes.ThisisanothertechniqueinChinesegardenbuildingcalled"sceneryframing".Onesideofthecorridorpresentsyouwithchambers,towersandahouseboat,whichareallstatic.Theothersideprovidesyouwiththeviewsofwater,treesandflowers,whichareallinmotion.Asyouwalkalong,thepicturesarechanginglikepictures.AttheendofthecorridoristheChamberofTenThousandFlowers.Itissocalledbecausethereusedtobefreshflowersherealltheyearround.Designsofplantsandflowersarecarvedonthedoorsandwindows.Particularlyeye-catchingarethedesignsonclaysculpturesoftheorchid,thebamboo,thechrysanthemum,andtheplumatthefourcornersofthechamber,representingspring,summer,autumnandwinterrespectively.Thefurniturewithcarvedflowersinthechamberareover200yearsold.InfrontofthechamberaremanyrocksbroughtherefromTaihuLake.Erodedbywater,theyareindifferentshapes,many,interestingly,resemblinganimals.Herearetwoancienttrees:onegingkoandtheother,magnolia.ItissaidthatMr.PanYunduan’sfatherplantedhere400yearsagotwogingkotrees,onemaleandtheotherfemale.Laterthefemalegingkodiedandamagnoliawasplantedinitsplace.Knownas"livingfossil",gingkotreesusedtogrowprofuselyabout146millionyearsago,butarenowonthebrinkofextinction.Itisalsocalled"gongsun"treebecauseitgrowssoslowlythatthegrandfatherplantsthetreeandthegrandsonpicksthefruit.Thetreelookslikealargeparachutebecauseitsdarkgreenleavesresemblesmallfans.Itsseedsandleavescanbeusedformedicalpurposes.Ifyoulookup,youwillseetheseconddragonontopofthewall.Thedragonsprawlsonthewall,withitsheadraisedhigh,readytomountthecloud.Hencethename"DragonMountingtotheClouds".Dragonisamythicalanimal.Itissaiddragoncouldcallupwindandwaves.Fairiesrodeonthemorusedthemasmessengers.Dragonissaidtohavehornslikeadeer’santlers,theheadofanox,eyesofashrimp,thebodyofasnake,scalesofafish,andtalonsofaneagle.Regardedassomethingsacredandthesymboloftheemperor,dragonswereusedtoconsolidatetheruleofthefeudalrulersinancientChina.Thedragonhas,initsmouth,apearlwhichisitslife-line.Thereisalsoatoadunderitsmouth.Itissaidthatthesetwoanimalsdependoneachotherforsurvival.Thetoadlivesonthesalivaofthedragon.Thedragonsinthegardenallhavethreetalonsinsteadoffive.Itissaidthattheownerdidthisonpurposebecausethedragonsintheimperialpalacehadfivetalonsandhedidnotwanttooffendtheemperorbyhavingthesamekindofdragons.ThisistheSpringHall(DianCunTang).BeingoneofthethreetreasuresinYuyuanGarden,itwasbuiltaround1820.thenameofthehallwasderivedfromoneofthepoemsbySuDongpo,agreatpoetintheSongDynasty.ThenameDianCunalsomeansorderingone’sfavoritetheatricalwork.InChinese,Dianmeansorderingorchoosing,whileCunmeanstheatricalwork.ThePansusedtositinthishallandappreciatetheperformancesgivenonthestagejustinfrontofit.In1853,peopleinShanghaiorganizedasecretsocietytheSmallSwordSocietyinresponsetotheTaipingHeavenlyRevolution,apeasantuprisingagainstthecorruptQinggovernment.Itwasanuprisingonthelargestscale,withthelongestdurationandgreatestnumberofparticipantsinthecontemporaryhistoryofShanghai.Theuprisingarmyonceheadquartereditsnortherncitycommandpostinthishall.ThearmytookthecityandheldoutforoneandhalfyearsbeforeitwasdefeatedbythereactionaryQinggovernmentincollusionwiththeforeignpowers.However,theuprisingdealtaheavyblowattherulingclass.Ithadremaineddesolatedsincethedefeatoftheuprising.However,afterthefoundingofNewChina,thishallwasrestoredbytheShanghailocalgovernmentin1956andhasbeenservingasabaseforthepatrioticeducation.Thereis,onthewall,atraditionalChinesepaintingnamed"AppreciatingtheSword".ItwasmadebyafamousQingDynastypainterRenBonian,whooncetookpartintheuprising.TheSpringHallisnowanexhibitionhall,displayingsomepictures,weapons,andcoinsusedbytheSmallSwordSociety.Thestageinfrontofthehallwasb