语法和知识点

高一英语重点语法知识一、一般现在时1.表示现在习惯或经常反复发生的动作或存在的状态,常与usually,always,sometimes,often,everyday/week/month/year等时间状语连用。［例句］Heoftendoeshishomeworkinhisstudy.表示主语现在的特征、性格和状态。［例句］Thedictionarybelongstome.表示客观规律或科学真理、格言,以及其他不受时间限制的客观存在。［例句］Themoongoesaroundthesun.4.在有连词if,unless,before,assoonas,when,once,however等引导的时间、条件和让步状语从句中,用一般现在时表将来。［例句］Ifyouworkhard,youwon'tfailintheexam.二、一般过去时表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。［例句］Shewenttothezooyesterday.在时间、条件状语从句中代替过去将来时。［例句］Hesaidwhenshecamehewouldtellher.三、现在进行时表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作。［例句］Heisreadinganewspapernow.表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作（说话时动作不一定正在进行）。［例句］Whatareyoudoingthesedays?表示说话人现在对主语的行为表示赞叹或厌恶等，常与always,constantly,continually等副词连用。［例句］Heisalwaysthinkingofothers.表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。常限于go,come,leave,start,arrive等表“移动”、“方向”的词。［例句］Heiscomingtoseemenextweek.四、 过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作。［例句］HewassleepingwhenMarycametoseehim.动词go,come,leave,arrive,start等的过去进行时常表过去将来时。［例句］ShesaidshewasgoingtoBeijingthedayaftertomorrow.五、 一般将来时表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语连用。［例句］Idon'tknowwhatwillhappeninthefuture.常用来表示将来时的结构包括：（1）shall/will+动词原形：（单纯）表将来,一般不用于条件句。（2） begoingto+动词原形：（计划）打算做 。（3） beaboutto+动词原形：即将或正要去做某事，通常不与时间状语连用,但可与when引导的从句连用。（4） beto+动词原形：预定要做 。（5） bedoing表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作,常与go,start,setout,leave,reach,arrive,return,come,move等表位移的动词连用。六、现在完成时1.表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。［例句］—Haveyouhadyoursupperyet?—Yes,Ihavejusthadit.2.常与介词for,during,in,within,over等引导的时间状语连用,表示过去的某一行为一直延续到现在。［例句］Ihaven'tseenmyEnglishteacherforalongtime.3.表示反复或习惯性的动作,常与severaltimes,once,twice,frequently等频度副词连用。［例句］IhavebeentotheUSAseveraltimes.表示从过去到现在没有发生过的动作。［例句］Ihaven'tsweptthefloorforaweek.用在时间、条件状语从句中,表示从句动作先于主句动作完成。［例句］I'lltellhimafteryouhaveleft.在“最高级+名词”或在“这是第几次„”之后跟定语从句，从句用现在完成时。［例句］①ThisisthethirdtimeIhavebeenthere.②ThisisthebestteaIhaveeverdrunk.七、过去完成时1.表示在过去某一时刻以前已经开始并一直延续到这一时刻、或是在此刻前已经完成的动作。［例句］Bytheendoflastterm,wehadlearned1,000Englishwords.有些动词(如：hope,think,expect,mean,intend,suppose,want等)的过去完成时可表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算或意图。［例句］IhadhopedtoseemoreofBeijing.♦动词时态应注意的几点瞬间性动词的一般现在时和现在进行时常用来表示将来的动作。例句：Thefilmbeginsinaminute.Myuncleisleavingtomorrowmorning.在时间、条件、让步状语从句中,常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。例句：①EverytimeIlistentothatsong,I'llthinkofmyoldfriend.Ifyoudothat,Ishallbeverypleased.They'llstandbyyouevenifyoudon'tsucceed.一般过去时和现在完成时的区别：一般过去时和现在完成时都表示过去所发生的动作，但现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，如对现在产生的影响、结果等，所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用；一般过去时只表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系,因而它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。如：—Haveyoufinishedyourwork?—Yes,Ihave.—Whendidyoufinishit?—Ifinisheditlastsummer.♦直接引语与间接引语转换时应注意的几个问题：人称的变化时态的变化时间状语的变化地点状语的变化例句：XiaoYisaid,“Iwanttogototheparkthisafternoon."—XiaoYisaid（that）hewantedtogototheparkthatafternoon.Bobsaid,“We'llhaveameetingheretomorrowmorning."—Bobsaid（that）theywouldhaveameetingtherethenextmorning.♦定语从句中关系代词只能用that和不能用that的几种情况：只能用that的情况先行词是不定代词。例句：Pleasetellmeeverythingthathappenedtoyou.先行词被形容词最高级、序数词或only,last,same,very等修饰。例句： ①ThisisthemostinterestingmoviethatIhaveeverseen.②ThisistheonlybookthatIreadduringthesummerholiday.先行词既包括人又包括物。例句：Shetalkedaboutthewriterandhisworksthatinterestedher.不能用that的情况非限制性定语从句中。例句：Hesaidhecouldspeakthreeforeignlanguages,whichisnottrue.先行词本身是that。例句：Ihavethatwhichyougaveme.“介词+关系代词”结构。例句：ThepersontowhomItalkedjustnowisTom.♦现在完成进行时与现在完成时进行的比较：强调动作还未结束时,多用现在完成进行时；强调动作的结果时,多用现在完成时。例句：!havebeenpaintingthepaining.（强调“一直在画”这个动作）Ihavepaintedthepainting.（强调“画完了”这个结果）有些动词不能用在现在完成进行时中，但可用在现在完成时中。如:have,love,see等。例句：Shehashadacoldforaweek.Theyhavelovedeachotherforthreeyears.！haveseenthismovie.-ing形式：havingdonehavingdone是非谓语动词中-ing形式的完成式，而doing则是其一般式，它们都与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，只是doing与句中谓语动词同时发生或基本上同时发生；havingdone则表示动作或状态发生在句中谓语动词之前。［例句］Hearingthenews,theygotexcited.（hear和getexcited这两个动作几乎同时发生）Havingarrivedatthetopofmountain,theytookarest.（arrive发生在takearest之前）动词后接动词的-ing形式和不定式有些动词后既可接动词的-ing形式也可接todo形式作宾语，但意义有所不同。［例如］

forget/remember/regretdoingsth.表示动作已经发生；forget/remember/regrettodosth.则表示该动作未发生。meantodosth.表示“打算做某事”meandoingsth.表示“意味着做某事”。trytodosth.表示“设法尽力做某事”；trydoingsth.表示“试着做某事”。stoptodosth.表示“停下来接着做另一件事”；stopdoingsth.表示“停止做某事”。goontodosth.表示“（做完某事）接着做另一件事”；goondoingsth.表示“继续做同一件事”（=goonwithsth.）。can'thelptodosth.表示“不能帮助做某事”；can'thelpdoingsth.表示“情不自禁地做某事”。3.have/hasbeendoinghave/hasbeendoing是现在完成进行时的构成，强调动作的延续过程，动作可能还在进行。而have/hasdone是现在完成时的构成，强调动作的结果，该动作通常已经结束。［例句］Q［havewrittenabook.（动作结束）②Ihavebeenwritingabook.（可能未写完，侧重最近一直忙于写书）一、单项填空TheheadmastercalledTomtohisofficebecausehehadbeen intheexam.A.caughtcheating B.caughttocheatC.catchingcheating D.catchingtocheatThetimehe forthetripisnotsuitable anyofus.A.made;to B.fixed;for C.gave;with D.fixed;to—Whatdoyouthinkofwhathedidinclass?一Whyhediditwas myimagination.A.beyond B.through C.above D.overMywatchisnowheretobefound.I itwhenIwasonthebus.A.mustdrop B.can'thavedroppedC.havedropped D.musthavedropped一MayIspeaktoyourmanagerMr.Williamsatfiveo'clocktonight?—I'msorry.Mr.Williams toapartylongbeforethen.A.willhavegone B.hadgoneC.shouldhavegone D.hasgone26.FortypercentofthepopulationoftheU.S black.D.haveD.IfD.haveD.Ifoflittlechildren.D.distance theparty,wewouldneverhavetoday'shappiness.A.Butfor B.Onlyif C.IfonlyDon'tleavematchesorcigarettesonthetablewithin A.hand B.reach C.spaceHeaccidentally hehadquarreledwithhiswifeandthathehadn'tbeenhomeforacoupleofweeks.A.letoutB.tookcareC.madesureD.madeoutcoupleofweeks.A.letoutB.tookcareC.madesureD.madeout—Goforapicnicthisweekend,OK?—— ,Ilovegettingclosetonature.A.Icouldn'tagreemoreB.I'mafraidnotC.Ibelievenot D.Idon'tthinksoOn newstoday,therewere reportsofheavysnowinthatarea.A.the;the B.the；不填 C.不填；不填D.不填；theItwasapitythatthegreatwriterdied hisworksunfinished.A.for B.with C.from D.ofThefinalexaminationiscomingupsoon.It'stimeforusto ourstudies.A.getdownto B.getout C.getbackfor D.getoverHavingbeenattackedbyterrorists, .A.doctorscametotheirrescuer B.thetallbuildingcollapsedC.anemergencymeasureswastaken D.warningsweregiventotouristsTheflowers sweetinthegardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmell B.smelling C.smelt D.smell试题答案1—5ABADA6—10BABAA11—15BBABB英语必修1、2知识要点提纲1attitudeto/toward（s）3.beinfluentin1attitudeto/toward（s）3.beinfluentin4.cover的用法5．Nothinglike/somethinglike7.by/of/for/in/tooneself9.bywayof=via11.倍数表达法impresssbwith/on/uponsthmakeleaveanimpressiononroduce的用法8.fun/funny10.inotherwords,inaword=inshort=inbrief12.lookforwardtonotabit=notatall,notalittle=verymuchbenervousabout（notabit=notatall,notalittle=verymuchbenervousabout（紧张）/of（害怕）bepatientwith/havepatiencewithbestrictwithsb/insthbecause/as/since/for22.dare的用法abandon/desert26.scenery/view/scene/sight28.上车和下车的表达starve的用法contactandcontractdevidesthbetween（三者以上among）devidefrombeseriousaboutadmitsbinto/to允许进入gress23.distance的用法anexpertat/in/on.,beexpertat/in.27.referto的各种意思29.Do/Wouldyoumind.?以及回答survivefrom/onso/asfarasIknow据我所知agreatmany/anumberof/aquantitysupplyof/aseriesof/seriesof35.ltagreatmany/anumberof/aquantitysupplyof/aseriesof/seriesof35.lt开头的与时间有关的句型reasonfor/causeof39.add的用法bewellknown-bebetterknownof/agreatdealof/alotof/alargeamountof/a36.place,time，way的介词in的省略draw/reach/leadto/cometo/getto/arriveataconclusion40.order的用法contain/includeconcentrateon 44.consistof/in/with45.beknownfor/as/by/to 46.compareto/with47.agreewith/to/on 48.fit/suit/meet/satisfy/match49.go/beonadiet 50.beconnectedwith/berelatedto51.beanxiousfor/about,beeagerfor/about,beanxious/eagertodo,beanxiousthat(should)52.sure的用法53.though和as的倒装句54.becrazyabour/likecrazy/gocrazy/drivesbmad55.lie的用法56.pick/pickup/pickout58.nomorethan/notmoreth