促进奶业发展中的做法

创新机制，强化措施

推进宁夏奶业又好又快发展

InnovateMechanismandStrengthenMeasurestoFacilitateSoundandRapidDevelopmentofDairyIndustryinNingxia宁夏回族自治区农牧厅DepartmentofAgricultureandAnimalHusbandry,NingxiaHuiAutonomousRegion二〇〇八年八月August,2008宁夏是我国五个少数民族自治区之一。Oneofthe5minoritygroupautonomousregionsinChina地理位置：地处中国西北部、黄河中上游。东经104°10‘～107°39’，北纬35°14‘～39°23’之间，从纬度上，处在世界公认的奶牛适宜分布带上。Location:North-eastChina,MiddleandupperreachesofYellowriver.104°10‘~107°39’E,35°14‘~39°23’N.Inabeltworldlyrecognizedasbeingsuitableforcattlebreeding.地形地势：南北狭长，南高北低，平均海拔1000米以上。Topography:Anarrowstripslopingdownfromsouthtonorthwithanaveragealtitudeofover1000m.气候：典型的温带大陆性气候，年均降水量305毫米，年均气温5～10℃。Climate:Typicalcontinentalclimate,averageannualprecipitation:305mm,averageannualtemperature:5~10℃一、宁夏奶业发展现状Ⅰ.StatusofDairyIndustryinNingxia

总面积：6.64万平方公里。

Area:66,400km2.

总人口：603万。其中，农村人口415万，占68.7%。回族215万，占36%。Population:6.03m,ofwhich4.15m,or68.7%isrural,and2.15m,or36%isHui.一、宁夏奶业发展现状Ⅰ.StatusofDairyIndustryinNingxia

一、宁夏奶业发展现状Ⅰ.StatusofDairyIndustryinNingxia

按照自然地理条件和经济社会发展水平，可分为北部引黄灌区，中部干旱带和南部山区三大板块。Ningxiacanbedividedintothreeareasaccordingtonaturalconditionsandthestatusofeconomicandsocialdevelopment.引黄灌区North:ChannelingwaterfromYellowRivertoirrigate南部山区South:Mountainous中部干旱带Central:arid北部引黄灌区有黄河水自流灌溉之便，玉米、水稻、优质苜蓿等饲草料资源丰富，发展奶牛养殖业条件十分优越。WithwaterfromtheYellowRiver,thenorthernareaisinfavorableconditionforthedevelopmentofdairyhusbandryduetoabundantproductionofcorn,rice,qualityclover,andotherfeeds.

2003年奶产业被自治区政府确定为农业产业化五大战略性主导产业之一，已连续多年保持快速发展的势头。特别是在自治区党委、政府的高度重视和农业部的大力支持下，我区坚持区域化布局、规模化养殖、产业化经营的发展思路，组织实施了《宁夏奶业发展行动计划（2002-2005）》和《宁夏奶牛提质增效行动计划（2007-2010）》，通过采取奶牛品种改良、乳品加工、质量监管和优质饲草生产等措施，使我区奶产业进入了一个数量质量同步发展的新阶段，奶产业已成为我区产业化程度较高、饲养规模较大、农业结构优化和带动农民增收较强的支柱产业。Identifiedbytheregionalgovernmentin2003asoneofthe5prioritizedindustries,dairyindustryhasmaintainedit’smomentumforquiteafewyears.WithsupportfromthepartycommitteeandgovernmentoftheregionandMOAofChina,Ningxiahasbeenseekingtoregionalizeandindustrializetheindustryandpromotelarge-scalebreeding.NingxiagovernmenthasbeenimplementingtheActionPlantoDevelopDairyIndustryinNingxia(2002-2005)andtheActionPlantoImproveCattleQualityandEfficiencyinNingxia(2007-2010).Byimprovingvarieties,processingprocedures,qualitysupervisionandfeedproduction,thedairyindustryofNingxiahasenteredintoanewareamarkedbyrapiddevelopmentbothintermsofquantityandquality.Dairyindustryhasbecomeapillarindustrywithhighlevelofindustrialization,large-scalebreedingandgoodstructurethatplaysasignificantroleinincreasingfarmers’income.一、宁夏奶业发展现状Ⅰ.StatusofDairyIndustryinNingxia2007年全区奶牛存栏32万头，鲜奶总产量94万吨，与2002年相比，年均增长25.6%和25%。In2007,theregionhad320,000cowsandatotalmilkyieldof940,000tons,25.6%and25%higherthan2002respectively.一、宁夏奶业发展现状Ⅰ.StatusofDairyIndustryinNingxiaCowsYield成母牛年均单产突破6000千克，居全国第4位。Annualyieldperadultcowhasreached6000kg,rankingatthe4thinChina.一、宁夏奶业发展现状Ⅰ.StatusofDairyIndustryinNingxia人均鲜奶占有量154千克，是全国平均水平的6倍以上。Percapitamilkavailabilityis154kg,morethan6timesofnationalaverage.奶牛养殖业产值18亿元，占全区畜牧业产值的32%。Productionvalueofdairyhusbandryis1.8billionRMB,accountingfor32%ofanimalhusbandryinNingxia.形成了以银川、吴忠两市为核心区的奶牛产业带，两市奶牛存栏和产奶量分别占全区总数的88.1%和88.2%。AnindustrybeltwithYinchuanandWuzhongascentershastakenshape.Combined,the2citiesaccountfor88.1%ofcowsand88.2%ofmilkyieldintheregion.吴忠市区农民人均奶业纯收入990.3元，占农民人均纯收入的20%。PercapitanetincomeoffarmersfromdairyindustryinWuzhongis990.3RMB,representing20%oftheirtotalnetincome.一、宁夏奶业发展现状Ⅰ.StatusofDairyIndustryinNingxia（一）加快奶牛群改良步伐，提高奶牛单产水平高1.Improvevarietiestoincreaseunityield针对我区奶牛单产水平低、养殖效率不高的问题，2002年宁夏在全国率先开始实施《宁夏奶牛品种改良》项目，是全国开展奶牛品种改良较早的省区之一。Toaddressproblemssuchaslowunityieldandbreedingefficiency,in2002,NingxialaunchedtheProgramofDairyCattleVarietyImprovement,makingitselfoneofthefirstprovinces/regionsinChinatolaunchsuchaprogram.2006年又在吴忠市8个县(区)启动了国家《奶牛良种补贴》项目。In2006,NingxiainitiatedtheprogramofVarietyImprovementSubsidyin8counties/districtsofWuzhong.二、主要做法Ⅱ.MajorPractices

7年间自治区和国家农业部累计补贴2833万元（其中：自治区财政1553万元）。Inthepast7years,subsidyfromNingxiagovernmentandMOAofChinaaccumulatedto28.33millionRMB,ofwhich15.53millionisfromfiscalbudgetoftheregion.统一筛选引进国内外优质荷斯坦牛冻精158万余支，累计改良奶牛77.6万头。1.58millionampoulesofhigh-qualityfrozensemenofHolsteinhavebeenintroduced,resultingin776,000cowsofimprovedvariety.完成奶牛统一建档立卡和佩戴耳标的29.8万头，占存栏总数的92.9%。298,000cows,or92.9%ofthetotal,havebeenfiledandearmarked.实现奶牛系谱资料计算机管理24万头，占存栏总数的74.9%。240,000cows,or74.9%ofthetotal,havehadtheirfamilydatamanagedbycomputer.据统计，改良后代母牛头胎平均单产达到7142公斤，比项目实施前提高了2000公斤，年均提高404公斤。Accordingtostatistics,yieldpercowofthe1stparityofimprovedvarietyhasreached7142kg,2000kgmorethanbefore,representinganaverageannualincreaseof404kg.二、主要做法Ⅱ.MajorPractices（二）大力实施奶牛出户入园工程，推进标准化规模养殖2.Movecattlefromhouseholdstofarmstopromotelarge-scalestandardbreeding

自2005年自治区启动“奶牛出户入园工程”以来，不断加大标准化规模奶牛场和养殖园区建设力度，全面推广园区化饲养、集约化经营、机械化挤奶的养殖模式。SincetheProgramofMovingCattlefromHouseholdstoFarmswaslaunchedin2005,manylarge-scalestandardfarmshasbeenbuilttopromotethemodelfeaturedbyconcentratedbreeding,intensiveoperationandmechanizedmilking.目前全区存栏奶牛50头以上的规模奶牛场和养殖园区324个，奶牛存栏14.4万头，占全区奶牛存栏总数的45.2%。Thereare324farmswithover50cowsintheregion.Alltogether,thesefarmshave144,000cows,accountingfor45.2%ofthetotal.机械化挤奶站（厅）累计达到466个，机械化挤奶辐射奶牛占泌乳奶牛的65%以上。Thereare466mechanizedmilkingstations,coveringover65%oflactatingcowsintheregion.二、主要做法Ⅱ.MajorPractices（三）大力开展优质饲草料生产，建立推广应用新机制3.Promotequalityfeedproductionandestablish,extendandapplyanewmechanism从2003年开始，在奶牛主产区全面推广全株玉米青贮和优质牧草（苜蓿）种植。2007年全区青贮玉米种植面积28万亩，制作全株玉米青贮65万吨。优质牧草种植面积100万亩。Theregionbegantoextendtheplantingofsilagecornandqualitypasture(alfalfa)in2003.In2007,plantingareaofsilagecornwas280,000muand560,000tonsofwhole-plantcornsilagewasproduced.Plantingareaofqualitypasturewas1millionmu.二、主要做法Ⅱ.MajorPractices（三）大力开展优质饲草料生产，建立推广应用新机制3.Promotequalityfeedproductionandestablish,extendandapplyanewmechanism建立了20余家集饲草加工调制、贮存和配送为一体的大型饲草配送中心，与种植农户和养殖农户签订收购及配送合同，实行订单式服务，取得了明显的成效。Theregionhasbuiltover20large-scalefeeddistributioncentersthatintegratethefunctionsofprocessing,storageanddistribution.Theysigncontractswithfeedgrowersandcattlefarmersandprovideservicesbasedonorders,whichismuchmoreeffective.二、主要做法Ⅱ.MajorPractices（三）大力开展优质饲草料生产，建立推广应用新机制3.Promotequalityfeedproductionandestablish,extendandapplyanewmechanism在骨干奶牛场推广使用全混合日粮饲喂技术，使奶牛单产水平显著提高。Theregionhasappliedthefeedingtechniqueoftotalmixedrationinleadingdairyfarms,significantlyincreasingunityield.二、主要做法Ⅱ.MajorPractices（三）大力开展优质饲草料生产，建立推广应用新机制3.Promotequalityfeedproductionandestablish,extendandapplyanewmechanism一些规模奶牛场开始采用沼气和微生物技术处理粪便，利用粪便加工制作复合有机肥，不仅优化了农业结构，而且带动了饲草料加工利用，推进了健康养殖。Somelargedairyfarmshasbeguntotreatfeceswithmethaneandmicroorganismtechniquestoproducecompoundorganicfertilizer,whichnotonlyoptimizestheagriculturalstructure,butalsodrivestheprocessingoffeed,thuspromotinghealthybreeding.二、主要做法Ⅱ.MajorPractices二、主要做法Ⅱ.MajorPractices（四）依法加强原奶收购流通市场监管，规范原料奶市场4.Regulatetherawmilkmarketbystrengthensupervisionofmilkpurchaseandcirculation2004年以来，自治区农牧厅、工商局和质量技术监督局联合制定了《宁夏回族自治区生鲜牛奶收购质量监督管理办法》，对原料奶的生产、加工、运输和销售各环节监管做了明确规范。In2004,theDepartmentofAgricultureandAnimalHusbandry,AdministrationforIndustryandCommerceandBureauofQualityandTechnicalSupervisionconstitutedtheMeasurefortheTechnicalSupervisionofRawMilkPurchaseofNingxia,providingspecificcriteriafortheproduction,processing,transportationandsalesofrawmilk.各地相应成立了联合执法大队，科学设置原料奶收购市场准入条件，规范原料奶收购秩序，严厉打击无证经营、掺假使假、恶意竞争等不法行为，初步建立起了运行规范，收购畅通的市场秩序。Accordingly,alliedlawenforcementcorpswereestablishedtosetscientificmarketentranceconditionsofmilkpurchasers,regulatethepurchasingorder,strikeonillegalpracticessuchasun-certifiedoperation,addingshammilkandviciouscompetition,whichhelpedtoestablisharegulatedandsmoothly-operatingmarket.2008年元月1日《宁夏奶业发展条例》正式颁布实施，为我区原料奶收购市场的规范创造了良好的法制环境。InJan.1,2008,theRegulationsontheDevelopmentofDairyIndustryinNingxiacameintoeffect,whichcreatedafavorablelegalenvironmentforregulatingtherawmilkmarket.（五）加快建设优质奶源基地，促进乳品加工企业发展5.Speedupthebuildingofqualitymilksourcebasestofacilitatethedevelopmentofdairyprocessingenterprises全区开工生产的各类乳品加工企业24家，年加工鲜奶能力120万吨。Theregionhas24dairyprocessingenterpriseswithatotalannualcapacityof1.2milliontons.2007年实际加工鲜奶65万吨，比2003年增长了2.5倍，生产液态奶12.78万吨，奶粉5.26万吨，实现销售收入12.17亿元，比2003年增长了3倍。In2007,650,000tonsofmilkwasprocessed,2.5timeshigherthan2003;127,800tonsofliquidmilkand52,600tonsofmilkpowderwereproducedwithsalesof1.217billionRMB,3timeshigherthan2003.新华百货夏进公司跻身国家农业产业化重点龙头企业，产品获得中国名牌产品称号。XiajinMilkhasbecomeoneoftheleadingcompaniesinChineseagriculturalindustrializationprogram,anditsproductshavebeennamedChineseName-BrandProducts.一批区外知名企业相继在我区投资建厂，奶牛养殖的发展空间不断扩大。Anumberofwell-knowncompaniesinvestedintheregion,enlargingtheroomforfurtherdevelopmentofdairyhusbandry.二、主要做法Ⅱ.MajorPractices奶牛生产水平参差不齐，既有标准化规模化程度较高的大型奶牛场（小区），又有分散的小户饲养，小生产与大市场的矛盾突出；Productioncapabilityvaries.Thoughwehavemanylarge-scalestandardfarms,thereisstilltheproblemofsmall-scaleproductionversusalargemarketduetotheexistenceofabignumberofhouseholdbusinesses.动物疫情形势严峻，两病检疫净化难度加大；Zoonoticdiseasesarestillathreat.Quarantineanddecontaminationoftuberculosisandbrucellosisisbecomingincreasinglydifficult.奶农的组织化程度不高，养殖专业合作组织发展滞后，乳品加工企业与奶农的利益联接机制尚未完全建立；Milkfarmersarenothighlyorganized,professionalcooperativeorganizationsisdevelopingslowly,andtheinterestsharingsystembetweenprocessorsandfarmershasn’tbeenwelldeveloped.缺乏优势龙头企业和优势品牌的带动，乳品加工企业大多数生产规模小，产品单一，技术水平和产品附加值不高，作为日常消费品缺乏知名品牌，乳制品市场占有率不高，目标市场开拓力不够，竞争力不强等制约着我区奶业的发展壮大。Thereisnocompanyorbrandstrongenoughtoleadthedevelopmentofthedairyindustryinthisregion.Mostdairyprocessorsaresmalloneswithoutadvancedtechniquethatproduceidenticalproductswithlowaddedvalue.Tobestronger,thedairyindustrystillneedstoaddressproblemssuchaslackoffamousbrand,smallmarketshare,under-developedtargetmarketsandweakcompetitiveness.三、主要问题Ⅲ.MajorIssues四、今后发展思路和目标

Ⅳ.GuidelinesandGoalsforFurtherDevelopment

以党的“十七大”精神为指导，全面贯彻落实《国务院关于促进奶业持续健康发展的意见》（国发[2007]31号），把发展现代奶业放在更加重要的位置，以保护奶农利益为根本，以提高良种化水平和转变饲养方式为基础。强化奶源基地和良种繁育体系建设，培育壮大乳品加工企业，建立完善奶业法律法规、质量标准和规范的市场秩序，加快奶业新技术引进和推广应用，提高奶业集约化、标准化、产业化和优质化水平，增强市场竞争力，促进奶业持续健康发展。Guidedbytheprinciplesofthe17thNationalCongressofCPCandtheOpinionsofStateCouncilonPromotingtheSustainableandSoundDevelopmentofDairyIndustry,theregiongiveshighprioritytothedevelopmentofdairyindustry.Keepinginmindtheinterestofmilkfarmers,itseekstoimprovecattlevarietiesandtransfor