语法微专题5形容词和副词

Grammar形容词和副词PART1高频考点清单PART2重温高考真题PART3热考点集训专题五形容词和副词PART4综合演练PART1高频考点清单框架结构图形容词和副词的功能1形容词的功能：形容词主要是用来修饰名词或代词，说明事物或人的性质、特征、状态，在句中：①作定语修饰名词或代词，说明其性质、特征等；②作表语与连系动词构成系表结构，说明主语的性质或特征；③作补足语说明宾语或主语的性质、状态或特征；④作状语主要表示原因、伴随等。⑤作独立成分。2副词的功能：副词作状语说明动作性质或状态的特征，常用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语及整个句子等。形容词和副词的核心考点一、常见形副构成（词缀）A常见形容词的构成及识记瞌睡的_________吵闹的________ 有害的_________感谢的_________truthful_________awful_________painful_________无助的_________无意义的_________严肃的_________幽默的_________可获得的_________难以置信的_________foggy/mistysleepynoisysuccessfulharmfulgrateful/thanful真实的，诚实的可怕的；使人敬畏的痛苦的；令人不快的uselesshelplessmeaninglessnervousserioushumorousuncomfortableavailableunbelievable以y结尾以ful结尾以less结尾以ous结尾以able结尾6令人疲倦的_________感到疲倦的_________令人愉快的_________感到满意的_________令人感动的_________受感动的_________孤独的_________每周的_________8东方的________西方的_________南方的_________国际的_________医药学的__________tiringtiredpleasingpleasedmovingmovedfriendlylonelyweelyeasternwesternsouthernnaturalinternationalmedical以ed/ing结尾以ly结尾以ern结尾以al结尾B常见副词的构成及识记1careful--___________ correct--___________2fortable----___________6automatic----___________basic----___________7true----___________whole----___________carefullycorrectlypolitelyimmediatelyangrilylucilyprobablysimplypossiblycomfortablyautomaticallybasicallytrulywholly1形容词和副词的位置形容词是用来修饰_____词的，常被放在名词前作_____语，或放在系动词后面作_____语。而副词则是用来修饰形容词、动词、其他副词或者句子的，一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句子之首。以下属几种特殊情况，须牢记：形容词和副词的核心考点1形容词短语作定语，须____置。eg一项难以完成的工作____________________名定表后atasdifficulttofinish2表语形容词afraid，alie，alone，asleeyflighthadbeen后theonlypersonalive生病的不好的3形容词用作定语，修饰由不定代词one，no，any，some和every构成的复合词如anything，something等时，通常_____置。eg我有一些重要的事情要告诉你。______________________________________4else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的_____置定语。eg你还有什么要说的的吗______________________________________5enough修饰名词前置或后置均可；修饰形容词、动词或副词时，必须_______置。eg足够多的钱_______________足够强大________________后Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou后Whatelsedoyouwanttosay后enoughmoneystrongenough6几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式→地点→时间。egWehadagoodtime________________________________lastSunday/outdoors/together/7频度副词如often，always，never，usually等放在be动词、情态动词、助动词后，行为动词前。eg他从未去过北京。______________________________________________8副词作定语，须_____置。egThebrellasteel/heavy/Chinese/blactogetheroutdoorslastSundayheavyblacChinesesteelHehasneverbeentoBeijing后口诀：县官行令赦国才10既可做前置定语也可做后置定语但意义不同的形容词。the____________theresan____________themembersanresponsible____________theconcernedteacher____________aninvolvedeplanation____________theteacherconcerned____________thepersoninvolved____________目前的问题出席的成员可靠的人应负责任的人担忧的老师相关的老师复杂难懂的解释牵涉其中的人三、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级1比较级和最高级的构成。great----________----________large----________----________dry----________----________thin----________----________careful----________----________difficult----________----________good/well----________----________bad/ill----________----________many/much----________----________little----________----________far----________----________/----________----________old----________----________/----________----________greatergreatestlargerlargestdrierdriestthinnerthinnestmorecarefulmostcarefulmoredifficultymostdifficultybetterbestworseworstmoremostlessleastfartherfarthestfurtherfurthestolderoldesteldereldest2比较级的用法。①表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级＋than”的结构表示。Thisis_____________________________不如另一幅漂亮③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如even，_________________________________________________等词修饰。Hewors_______________________________甚至比以前更努力了④表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the＋比较级主语＋谓语，the＋比较级主语＋谓语”的结构意为“越……就越……”。____________________________________________你越努力就会越幸运。alot，abit，alittle，still，much，far，yetevenharderthanbeforemoreimportantthanthatonelessimportantthanthatoneTheharderyouwor,thelucieryouwillbe⑤不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级＋and＋比较级”的结构。Theweatheris__________________________________变得越来越冷⑥某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to代替than。这些词有__________劣等的，次的，____________较好的，优于……，__________资历较浅的，___________资格较老的，______________在……之前等。Heissurhanginchemistry⑦在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用thatthose，oneones代替前面出现的名词。that指物，one既可指人又可指物；that可代替单数可数名词相当于theone和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词。Thebooonthetableismoreinterestingthan_________onthedesI'mafraidAlice'stheonly_______whocandoitinferiorsuperiorjuniorseniorpriorgrowingcolderandcoldertothatone⑧倍数表达法。AAisthreefour，etctimesthesieheight，length，etcofBBAisthreefour，etctimesasbighigh，long，etcasBCAisthreefour，etctimesbiggerhigher，longer，etcthanB注意：用times表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double。这个大厅比我们的教室大五倍。（是我们教室的六倍。）_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________⑨表示“最高程度”的形容词，如ecellent，etreme，perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。⑩否定词＋比较级＝最高级_____________________________我再同意你不过了。ThehallissitimesthesieofourclassroomThehallissitimesasbigasourclassroomThehallisfivetimesbiggerthanourclassroomIcan'tagreewithyoumore3由as组成的形容词或副词短语。①asmuchas＋不可数名词数量多达……②asmanyas＋可数名词复数数量多达……③asearlyas早在④asfaras远到；就……而论⑤maymight，couldaswell不妨，不如⑥asasonecan尽某人所能的……⑦asaspossible尽可能……的⑧aslongas只要；既然；和……一样长⑨assoonas一……就……;尽快_____asIamconcerned，hehasbeentherebeforebegantorun，as______ashecouldcouldearnas______as100dollarsaweemaytaethisbooawayas______asyoureturnitontime_______asthetwelfthcenturytheEnglishbegantoinvadetheislandyoumightaswell_______staywithushere7Ihaveas________assiteenreferenceboosfarfastmuchlongearlystaymany四、需要辨析的几组副词high高地wide宽地deealwayswor_______deeoviecanseethebirdsfly________highinthesyis_______deadaslee________latedeeplydeephighlyhighdeaddeadlylatelatelyPART2重温高考真题Ⅰ单句语法填空ischeap，easyandit’salwaysenergy2018·全国Ⅰ答案解析解析连系动词is后接形容词作表语，故填energy的形容词形式energetic。energetic考向1词形变换之形容词12345678totheWorldBan，Chinaaccountsforabout30ption2018·全国Ⅱ答案解析解析fertilierconsumption是名词短语，故应该用形容词修饰。故填global。global12345678obviousoneismoney;eatingoutonceortwiceaweemaybe_________affordbutdoingthismostdaysaddsup2018·浙江答案解析解析根据前面的be可知，此处是系表结构，应用形容词；根据eatingoutonceortwiceawee并结合常识可知应是“付得起affordable”。affordable12345678enoughfatandsaltinyourmealswillreducetheurgetosnac吃点心betweenmealsandwillimes2017·全国Ⅰ答案解析解析be之后接形容词作表语，care的形容词形式是careful。careful12345678CentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemostsuccessofthesenewlines，andwasopenedin19002017·全国Ⅱ答案解析解析“oneofthe＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数”表示“最……的……之一”，此处应填success的形容词形式successful。successful12345678somethingmadeherloocloser，andshenoticedashineobject2017·浙江答案解析解析空格处修饰名词object，故用形容词。shine的形容词形式为shiny或shining，意为“闪闪发光的”。shiny/shining12345678wasaverycare25days，sheneverleftherbaby，noteventofindsomethingtoeat！2016·四川答案解析解析空格处修饰名词mother，故用形容词。care的形容词是caring照料他人的或careful细心的。在此，两个形容词在语意上都能讲得通。caring/careful12345678naturearchitects，theaethecycleworonmostdays2015·全国Ⅱ答案解析解析修饰名词architects，故要用形容词形式。natural123456789Atasteformeatisactualbehindthechange：Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchicens，pigs，andcattle2018·全国Ⅱ答案解析解析句意为：对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因。句子结构完整，用副词修饰整个句子。故填actually。actually234156789engineswereusedtousthavebeen______fairunoeandnoise2017·全国Ⅱ答案解析解析所填词修饰形容词unpleasant，故用fair的副词形式fairly。fairly234156789iscertainfunbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal2017·全国Ⅲ答案解析解析此处应该用副词来修饰形容词fun。certain的副词形式为certainly。certainly234156789tomorrow，IwillbetheirUtitlewillbe_________officialgiventomeataceremonyinLondon2016·全国Ⅰ答案解析解析修饰谓语动词应当用副词。officially234156789insmallpiecescouldbeeateneasilywithtwigswhichgradualturnedintochopstics2016·全国Ⅲ答案解析解析此处应用副词修饰动词。gradually234156789scientistsrecenthadachancetostudyawildfemalepandawithanewbornbaby2016·四川答案解析解析空格处修饰动词短语hadachance，应用副词。recent的副词形式是recently。recently234156789&ent，atravelcompanyinHongong，saysit_________regulararrangesquicgetawayshereforpeoplelivinginShanghaiandHongong2015·全国Ⅰ答案解析解析空格处修饰谓语动词arrange，要用副词形式regularly。regularly234156789madeofadobetaeintheheatfromthesunonhotdaysandgiveoutthatheatslowduringcoolnights，thuswarmingthehouse2015·全国Ⅱ答案解析解析修饰谓语动词giveout，因此要用副词形式。slowly234156789ownedafarm，whichlooedalmostabandonedlucy，healsohadacowwhichileveryday2015·广东答案解析解析第二句句意为：幸运的是，他还有一头奶牛，每天都能产奶。lucilyadv幸运的是，这里用副词修饰整个句子。Lucily234156789couldbeanevenhighcostonyourhealth2018·浙江答案解析解析“副词even＋比较级”表示“更……”，强调程度。higher12345toareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal，runnerslivethreeyearslongthannon-runners2018·全国Ⅰ答案解析解析医学报告显示：经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活三年。根据than可知用比较级，故填longer。longer12345aresult，orefoodtotrytomaeuethingbad，theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup2017·全国Ⅰ答案解析解析根据语境可知，此处表示程度的加深，所以用比较级形式。evenworse更糟的是，可以看作固定搭配。worse12345yearsearly，ovedthediamondringtocooameal2017·浙江答案解析解析siteenyearsearlier意为“早在16年前”。earlier12345youfeelstressedbyresportance2016·全国Ⅱ答案解析解析根据后面的andless可知，此处也要用比较级形式。greater12345PART3热考点集训查看答案语法填空形容词和副词专练Idon’tthinthereismuch1difficultinlearningEnglishwell，becauseaslongasyoumasterthemethodandworhard，youcanmaeine，isthe4hard-woringstudentinourclass，andhegetshighmarsthananyotherstudentinourclassineveryEnglishtestdifficultyrapidlyhardermosthigherLedbyhim，allthestudentsinourclassarestudyingEnglishharder6aresult，inthe7lateEnglishtest，ourclasswasthe8goodofthetwoclassestaughtbyourEnglishteacher，andthenumberofstudentswhogotecellentmarsistwice9largethanthatoftheother10，allofusshouldstudyhardnomatterwhatwelearn查看答案thanlatestbetterlargerThereforePART4综合演练语法填空2018·广西自治区二模Chinamaybehometoboththelongestandhighestbridgesintheworld,1

neitherisaspletedin1968解析3解析2解析1答案but/yetBuiltwasconsidered解析考查连词。前一句中说中国也许有世界上最长和最高的桥，后面说没有一座桥能够与南京长江大桥一样具有开创性，两个句子之间是转折关系，故填表示转折的并列连词but/yet。返回解析考查非谓语动词。句意为：这座双层桥建于20世纪60年代，于1968年竣工时被认为是具有创新精神的。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，动词build和主语thedouble-decedbridge之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词。故填Built。返回解析考查动词的时态和语态。句意见上题解析。分析句子结构可知，该空是句子的谓语，consider和主语之间是被动关系，根据时间状语“whenitwascompletedin1968”可知要用一般过去时，所以此处应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填wasconsidered。返回Butmoreime，itwasalsothefirstmodernbridgetobedesignedandbuiltbyChinawithouthelforeign4

architect“Thebridgewassoimbolofthecity，”saidLuAndong，athebridge’stowerandtheattachedemory”Withalengthofover5,000feet，thebridge7

carryboth