语法填空的解题技巧非谓语动词（Joan）

高二年级寒假线上学习课程英语专题复习

LecturedbyJoan高中英语语法填空的解题技巧--

非谓语动词

题型解读一篇200字左右的短文6-7个空需根据给出单词的正确形式填空

（不多于三个单词）3-4个空需根据上下文填写内容

（一个单词）能力考查：语篇理解、句子结构、语法运用、单词拼写（2019年全国II

卷）A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for61_______(be)

Britain'soldestfull-timeemployee--stillworking40hoursaweek.NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,62_______sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.Heryearsofhardworkhave63_______(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated（提名）hertobeCheshire'sWomanOfTheYear.Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrene64_______

(declare)shehadnoplans65_______(retire)fromher36-year-oldbusiness.Irenesaid,“Idon'tseeanyreasontogiveupwork.IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI66_______(make)overtheyears.IworknotbecauseIhaveto,67_______becauseIwantto.”GranddaughterGayleParks,31--whoworksalongsideherinthefamilybusiness--saiditremainedunknownastowhonominatedIrenefortheaward.Shesaid,“Wedon'thaveanyideawhoputgrandmaforward.Whenwegotacall68_______(say)shewasshort-listed，wethoughtitwas69_______joke.Butthenwegotanofficialletterandwewereblownaway.Wearesoproudofher.It's70_______(wonder).”命题探究（2019年全国II

卷）A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for61_______(be)

Britain'soldestfull-timeemployee--stillworking40hoursaweek.NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,62_______sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.Heryearsofhardworkhave63_______(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated（提名）hertobeCheshire'sWomanOfTheYear.Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrene64_______

(declare)

shehadnoplans65_______(retire)fromher36-year-oldbusiness.Irenesaid,“Idon'tseeanyreasontogiveupwork.IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI66_______(make)overtheyears.IworknotbecauseIhaveto,67_______becauseIwantto.”GranddaughterGayleParks,31--whoworksalongsideherinthefamilybusiness--saiditremainedunknownastowhonominatedIrenefortheaward.Shesaid,“Wedon'thaveanyideawhoputgrandmaforward.Whenwegotacall68_______(say)shewasshort-listed，wethoughtitwas69_______joke.Butthenwegotanofficialletterandwewereblownaway.Wearesoproudofher.It's70_______(wonder).”命题探究（2019年全国2卷）A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for61_______(be)

Britain'soldestfull-timeemployee--stillworking40hoursaweek.NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,62_______sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.Heryearsofhardworkhave63_______(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated（提名）hertobeCheshire'sWomanOfTheYear.Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrene64_______

(declare)shehadnoplans65_______(retire)fromher36-year-oldbusiness.Irenesaid,“Idon'tseeanyreasontogiveupwork.IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI66__________(make)overtheyears.IworknotbecauseIhaveto,67_____becauseIwantto.”GranddaughterGayleParks,31--whoworksalongsideherinthefamilybusiness--saiditremainedunknownastowhonominatedIrenefortheaward.Shesaid,“Wedon'thaveanyideawhoputgrandmaforward.Whenwegotacall68_______(say)shewasshort-listed，wethoughtitwas69____joke.Butthenwegotanofficialletterandwewereblownaway.Wearesoproudofher.It's70__________(wonder).”命题探究beingwhichfinallydeclaredtoretirehavemadesayingbutawonderful67.连词69.冠词64.谓语动词66.谓语动词61.非谓语动词65.非谓语动词68.非谓语动词63.副词70.形容词62.关系代词语法填空解题思路有提示词(实词)没有提示题(虚词)作谓语：不作谓语考虑时态、语态、语气、主谓一致非谓语动词：todo/doing/done词类转换：尤其是形容词变副词比较等级：名词：单复数或所有格的变化代词：人称代词、不定代词、it的用法、物主代词、反身代词冠词：名词之前，尤其是泛指“一个”，或特指某个人或事物连词：空格的前后都是句子（有主谓成分）；前后是并列成分介词：当空格后的名词在句中不是作主语、表语或动词宾语时形容词和副词的比较级、最高级

非谓语动词Focusoftoday!主动形式被动形式一般式完成式主动形式被动形式一般式完成式进行式

完成进行式主动形式被动形式

done非谓语动词的表达形式

todo

tobedone

tohavebeendone

tohavedone

tobedoing

tohavebeendoing

doingbeing

donehavingdonehavingbeendonetododoingdone4stepstogo1.确定是否用非谓语动词；2.判断非谓语动词在句中的成分和作用；3.判断语态时态；1)句子是否已存在谓语动词；2)并列连词？1)主语，表语？2)宾语？3)定语，状语，补语？(找逻辑主语)1)与逻辑主语的关系2)分析时态4.特殊句式，固定搭配Step11.确定是否用非谓语动词；1）句子是否已存在谓语动词；2）并列连词(and,or等)→有：谓语

→无：非谓语动词1._____(turn)totheleft,andyou'llfindthepostoffice.2.________(turn)totheleft,you'llfindthepostoffice.TurningTurn谓语非谓语Step22.判断非谓语动词在句中的成分和作用；作主语或表语doing或todo作宾语doing或todo固定搭配作定语、补语、状语（考虑与逻辑主语的关系）doing主动，进行done被动，完成todo目的，将来主语谓语宾语表语定语状语补语同位语1._________(walk)isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.Walking

2.Tim'sneverwillingtoalteranyofhisopinions.It’snouse________(argue)withhim.arguing

非谓语动词作主语或表语时，使用V.-ing或todo形式，表示习惯性的，一般的行为用V.-ing，表示具体的，一次性的动作用todo.3.Mytasktodayis

_________(finish)theessaybeforedusk.tofinish1Ican’tstand_________(work)withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses________(stop)________(talk)whilesheworks.Sheissotalkative.tostopworking非谓语动词作宾语时，使用V.-ing或todo形式，视各动词具体的固定搭配而定。(1)有些动词只能用不定式作宾语。如refuse,decide,pretend,manage等。

(2)有些动词只能用动名词作宾语。如avoid,admit,imagine,mind等。

(3)在stop,forget,remember等动词后既可接动名词，也可接不定式，但意义差别较大。(4)含介词的固定句式，用动名词作宾语prevent/stop/keepsb./sth.fromdoing，getusedto,lookforwardto等。talking21.Thefirsttextbooks_______(write)forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.written

running

2.Don’tleavethewater________(run)whileyoubrushyourteeth.非谓语动词作定语非谓语动词作补语3.WithFather'sDayaroundthecorner,Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank________(buy)presentsformydad.tobuy

非谓语动词作状语一般来说，作状语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是___________；作宾补的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是________；作定语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是__________。句子的主语宾语被修饰词3Step3与逻辑主语的关系：doing主动，进行done被动，完成todo主动，目的，将来（1）_______(see)

fromthetopofthehill,ourhouselookslikeacar.（2）_______(see)thedogcomeover,ourfriendranaway.（3）_______(see)moreclearly,theycameupandgotclosetoit.ToseeSeenSeeing3.判断语态时态；（1）Thequestion______________(discuss)nowatthemeetingisveryimportant.（2）Thequestion________(discuss)atthemeetinglastweekisveryimportant.（3）Thequestion_______________(discuss)atthemeetingnextweekisveryimportant.beingdiscusseddiscussedtobediscussed注意时态同样表被动意义的非谓语动词，因时间状语不一样，形式也发生了相应的变化。因此，非谓语动词也是有“时态”的。Step4修饰“the+序数词”,用不定式todo作后置定语。(2).Thelastone________(arrive)paysthemeal.toarrive(1).Theflowers_________(smell)sweetinthegardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.作系动词的感官动词不能用被动形式smelling4.特殊句式，固定搭配(4).______(tire)ofplayingfootball,hewentbacktotheclassroom.(5).______(face)withdifficulty,herushedforwardbravely.(3).______(lose)inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.LostTiredFaced有些过去分词源于系表结构，分词已经形容词化，相当于形容词。做非谓语时，去掉be动词。belostin（埋头于）;beinterestedin;betiredof（对......厌烦）;besatisfiedwith（对......满意）;beexcitedabout;befacedwith（面对）;bedressedin（穿着）；beseated（坐下）6.Thewaterisnotfit_________(drink),soholdoutuntilwegettoashop．

todrink7.Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood__________(breathe).tobreathe非谓语动词在形容词后作补充成分时，使用todo形式作为固定搭配。常见的此类形容词有fit,easy,hard,difficult,expensive,interesting,heavy,pleasant,comfortable,safe,dangerous,good,impossible等，此搭配还习惯用主动式表被动意。Practicemakesperfect高考真题演练

▲2019年全国卷IModernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive64____________(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.

Scientistshaverespondedby67_______

(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(错觉)thatpopulationsarehigherthantheyactuallyare.

toperformnoting解析：64.toperform

该句为“be+形容词+不定式”的固定结构，需用不定式的主动式作状语。67.noting介词后用note的动名词形式noting作宾语。

▲2019年全国卷IIIOnourwaytothehouse,itwasrainingsohardthatwecouldn’thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtake62_________

(get)there.

Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay,wewereinvitedtoattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars,70________

(listen)tomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.

▲2019年浙江卷Butsomestudentsdidn’twant63__________(wear)theuniform.togetlisteningtowear解析：62.toget

分析句子结构可知，ittakes+时间+todosth中，it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。70.listening

主语we与listen之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式作伴随状语。浙江卷63.towear

want后通常接不定式todosth作宾语。

▲2018年

全国卷IYoudon’thavetorunfastorforlong62_______(see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof

_________

(die)earlybyrunning.dyingtosee解析：62.tosee根据句意“要见到效果，你不必快跑或长时间地跑”,

tosee作目的状语。63.dying介词后用die的动名词形式dying。

全国卷II

Anotherreasonforcorn’srise:Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice64__________

(improve)waterquality.

China’sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile70________(feed)itscitizens“offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide,”saysthebank’sJuergenVoegele.

toimprovefeeding解析：64.toimprove

根据语境“改善水质”是“政府鼓励农民种玉米而不种水稻”的目的，动词不定式作目的状语。70.feeding

when/while+现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于when/while引导的时间状语从句，也是它的省略结构。

全国卷IIIIquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid64________(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn'tfeel

65____________

(challenge).

Oncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowedme70_______(stay)andwatch.

浙江卷Istillremember59________

(visit)afriendwho'dlivedhereforfiveyearsandI

wasshocked

whenIlearntshehadn'tcookedonceinallthattime.lookingchallengedtostayvisiting解析：64.looking

avoid后接动名词作宾语。avoiddoingsth意为“避免做某事”。

65.challenged

主语he与challenge（对……挑战）之间为被动关系，故用过去分词形式作表语。70.tostay

allowsbtodosth是固定结构，意为“允许某人做某事”，因此应填tostay。浙江卷59.visiting

rememberdoingsth

意为“记得做过某事”。

▲2017年全国卷IFatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequired63__________(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.Fastfoodisfulloffatan