《新概念英语》第44篇+Speed+and+comfort（第一段）精读讲义 高中英语拓展阅读讲义（拔尖班）

高中英语拓展阅读讲义（拔尖班）《新概念英语》第44篇Speedandcomfort（第一段）精读语篇导读：这是一篇说明文。本文运用的对比的手法，说明长途旅行，无论是选择旱路、水路还是飞机，都令人多多少少感到疲倦。火车拥挤吵闹、公路堵车、船运晕船，相比之下，飞机出行在速度和舒适度上更胜一筹，乘客抵达目的地时感到精神焕发，不必费时恢复精神。Speedandcomfort指飞机的速度之快和舒适度①Peopletravellinglongdistancesfrequentlyhavetodecidewhethertheywouldprefertogobyland,sea,orair.②Hardlyanyonecan

positively

enjoysittinginatrainformorethanafewhours.③Traincompartments

soongetcramped

andstuffy.④Itisalmostimpossibletotakeyourmindoffthejourney.⑤Readingisonlyapartialsolution,forthemonotonous

rhythm

ofthewheelsclicking

ontherailssoonlulls

youtosleep.⑥Duringtheday,sleepcomesinsnatches.⑦Atnight,whenyoureallywishtogotosleep,yourarelymanage

todoso.⑧Ifyouareluckyenoughtogetasleeper,youspend

halfthenightstaring

atthesmallbluelightintheceiling,orfumbling

tofindyourticketforinspection.⑨Inevitablyyouarriveatyourdestination

almostexhausted.⑩Longcarjourneysareevenlesspleasant,foritisquiteimpossibleeventoread.⑪Onmotorways

youcan,atleast,travelfairlysafelyathighspeeds,butmoreoftenthannot,thegreaterpartofthejourneyisspentonroadswithfewservicestationsandtoomuchtraffic.⑫Bycomparison,ferry

tripsorcruises

offeragreatvarietyofcivilized

comforts.⑬Youcanstretchyourlegsonthespacious

decks,playgames,meetinterestingpeopleandenjoygoodfood--alwaysassuming,ofcourse,thattheseaiscalm.⑭Ifitisnot,and

youarelikelytogetseasick,noformoftransportcouldbeworse.⑮Evenifyoutravelinidealweather,seajourneystakealongtime.⑯Relativelyfewpeoplearepreparedto

sacrifice

holidaytimefor

thepleasureoftravllingbysea.语篇导读：本段讲述人们出行需要乘坐交通工具，而往往会令人疲惫不堪，尤其是火车、长途汽车和轮船。①开篇引入出行要乘坐交通工具的话题；②③⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨这几句话主要描述火车的劣势：车厢狭窄沉闷；火车单调的嘎喳声，无论是白天还是黑夜，都不得安眠；⑩⑪公路出行在路上费时长，会遇上塞车；⑫⑬⑭⑮⑯坐船相对舒服，空间大，有娱乐设施和食物供应，但前提是风平浪静，否则，会晕船。词汇小学堂positively/'pɒzətɪvlɪ/：Youusepositivelytoemphasizethatyoureallymeanwhatyouaresaying.

绝对地，完全地；如：Thisispositivelythelastchancefortheindustrytoestablishsuchasystem.这绝对是该行业建立此机制的最后一次机会compartment/kəm'pɑːtm(ə)nt/：oneoftheseparatesectionswhichacoach/caronatrainisdividedinto（铁路客车车厢分隔成的）隔间，如：Onthewayhomewesharedourfirstclasscompartmentwithagroupofbusinessmen.在回家的路上我们和一群商人共同乘坐头等车厢。cramped/kræmpt/：acrampedroom,buildingetcdoesnothaveenoughspaceforthepeopleinit狭窄的，狭小的，如：Thekitchenwassmallandcramped.这间厨房又小又窄。stuffy/'stʌfɪ/：aroomorbuildingthatisstuffydoesnothaveenoughfreshairinit〔房间或建筑物〕通风不好的，空气不新鲜的，憋闷的，如：Nostuffycubicleshere.没有闷热的隔间。takeyourmindoffthejourney：摆脱旅途的困扰。takeone’smindoff…：不想……，将注意力从……上移开，如：Ihavetakenmymindoffwork.我的心思已经不在工作上了。与第二段“Youdonothavetodevisewaysoftakingyourmindoffthejourney”，所以可以看出文章的结构是很紧凑的。【语篇结构】【近义词辨析】monotonous/mə'nɒt(ə)nəs/:boringbecauseofalwaysbeingthesame单调的，乏味的，一味的，如：Theysimplyhatelivingamonotonouslifeanddoingthesameeverydaythings.他们讨厌千篇一律的生活或做重复单调的事。monotonous：因重重复复而单调烦人，意为“单调乏味的，一成不变的”；如：amonotonousdiet单调的饮食tedious：因时间过长或无趣而枯燥乏味，意为“枯燥乏味的，冗长的”；如：atediouslylongfilm一部冗长的电影dull：因无趣或沉闷而令人乏味，意为“乏味的，无聊的”；如：adullmovie一部沉闷的电影boring：主要是无趣，用法比较宽泛，意为“无趣的，无聊的，乏味的”；如：Lifewasneverboring.生活从来都不无聊。rhythm/'rɪðəm/：astrongregularrepeatedpatternofsoundsormovements节奏；韵律；律动，如：Hecan'tseemtoplayinrhythm.他的演奏好像不合节拍。click/klɪk/：tomakeorcausesthtomakeashortsharpsound使发出咔嗒声；使咔嗒（或咔嚓）响，如：Thecamerasclickedaway.照相机咔嚓咔嚓地不停拍照。clickingontherailssoon：现在分词短语，作定语，表主动，修饰wheelslull/lʌl/：tomakesomeonefeelcalmorasiftheywanttosleep使平静下来；使昏昏欲睡，*lullsomeonetosleep哄某人入睡。如：Thehumofthetyresontheroadlulledhertosleep.一路上滚滚的车轮声使她昏昏欲睡。snatch/snætʃ/：Asnatchofaconversationorasongisaverysmallpieceofit.

(谈话或歌曲的)片断，短时，如：Iheardsnatchesoftheconversation.我听到几段零星的谈话。*insnatches断断续续地，如：Theworkwasdoneinsnatches.这件工作是断断续续做成的。【熟词僻义】manage：①~(onsth)tobeabletolivewithouthavingmuchmoney凑合着活下去；支撑，如：Hehastomanageonlessthan￡100aweek.他就靠每周不到100英镑来维持生活。②tosucceedindoingsth,especiallysthdifficult完成（困难的事）；勉力完成，如：Canyoumanageanotherpieceofcake?(=eatone)你还能再吃块蛋糕吗？*本文用法；③tocontrolorbeinchargeofabusiness,ateam,anorganization,etc.管理，负责（公司、队伍、组织等），如：Weneedpeoplewhoaregoodatmanaging.我们需要擅长管理的人。sleeper/'sliːpə/：anighttrainwithbedsforpassengersonit卧铺列车，如：Dothewindowsopen?Therumouriswe’llbegetting“asleeper,atourbus”.有传闻说这次我们会得到一辆卧铺旅游车。spendtime(in)doingsth.：花费时间做某事。因此staring

at…,orfumbling

to…fumble/'fʌmb(ə)l/：totrytohold,move,orfindsomethingwithyourhandsinanawkwardway笨手笨脚地做，胡乱摸找，如：Shereachedroundtofumblethelighton.她伸手摸索着去开灯。inspection/ɪn'spekʃn/：anofficialvisittoabuildingororganizationtocheckthateverythingissatisfactoryandthatrulesarebeingobeyed视察；检查，如：Aninspectionwascarriedoutattheschool.有人来学校视察了一遍。destination/,destɪ'neɪʃ(ə)n/：theplacethatsomeoneorsomethingisgoingto目的地，终点，如：Mauiisapopulartouristdestina.毛伊岛是很受欢迎的旅游目的地。exhaust/ɪɡ'zɔːst/:tomakesomeonefeelextremelytired使精疲力竭，如：Afullday’steachingexhaustsme.讲一整天课令我精疲力竭。motorway/'məʊtəweɪ/：averywideroadfortravellingfastoverlongdistances,especiallybetweencities高速公路，如：Icrossedthemotorwayandwatchedashedroveoff.我穿过了高速公路，看着他开走了。moreoftenthannot：通常；多半，如：Youfeelirritable,grumpy,orinabadmoodmoreoftenthannot.你通常感觉急躁、爱生气或者处在一种坏情绪中。bycomparison：相比而言，相形之下，如：Bycomparison,only17%oftheguestshelped.相比之下，只有17%的客人在帮忙。ferry/'ferɪ/：aboatthatcarriespeople,vehiclesandgoodsacrossariveroracrossanarrowpartofthesea渡船；摆渡，如：WecaughttheferryatOstend.我们在奥斯坦德及时赶上了渡船。cruise/kruːz/：Acruiseisaholidayduringwhichyoutravelonashiporboatandvisitanumberofplaces.

海上航游，如：Heandhiswifewereplanningtogoonaworldcruise.他和妻子那时正计划进行一次环球海上航游。civilize/'sɪvəlaɪz/：toeducateandimproveapersonorasociety;tomakesb'sbehaviourormannersbetter教化；开化；使文明；使有教养，如：Schooleducationhelpedtocivilizethepeople.学校教育使人们文明起来。civilized：well-organizedsociallywithaverydevelopedcultureandwayoflife文明的；开化的，如：Hisnewtheoryhascausedasensationthroughoutthecivilizedworld.他的新理论轰动了整个文明世界。英语中有很多过去分词作形容词的词语，比如：broken（原形是break，打碎的，破碎的），spacious/'speɪʃəs/：largeandwithplentyofspaceforpeopletomovearoundin宽敞的，如：Theroomisspaciousandbright.这屋子很宽敞，而且光线充足。--alwaysassuming,ofcourse,thattheseaiscalm：破折号引出来，作插入语，进一步说明。seasick/'siːsɪk/：feelingillwhenyoutravelinaboat,becauseofthemovementoftheboatinthewater晕船的，如：Halwasseasickalmostatonce.哈尔几乎马上就晕船了。sacrifice…for…：为……而牺牲……。如：Sometimesyouhavetosacrificeefficiencyforeffectiveness.有时候你需要牺牲效率来达到效果。长难句小学堂Peopletravellinglongdistancesfrequentlyhavetodecidewhethertheywouldprefertogobyland,sea,orair.主干：Peoplehavetodecidewhether...分支：travellinglongdistancesfrequently是现在分词短语，作定语，表主动；whethertheywouldprefertogobyland,sea,orair作decide的宾语从句Ifitisnot,andyouarelikelytogetseasick,noformoftransportcouldbeworse.

Ifitisnot，本句省略了前文的calm；and：asaresult（表示结果）结果是；那么；就，如：Missanotherclassandyou'llfail.你再缺一次课就会不及格了。语法小学堂Inevitablyyouarriveatyourdestination

almostexhausted.

本句中的almostexhausted在句中作伴随状语。

形容词在句子中的主要作用是用作表语、定语、宾语补足语等，但有时它也可用作状语。如：Theboy

nodded,paleandscared.

男孩点点头，脸色苍白十分惊恐。翻译小学堂以it作形式主语的主语从句翻译翻