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Directions:
SectionIUseofEnglish
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDon
ANSWERSHEET.(10points)
Fromchildhoodtooldage,wealluselanguageasameansofbroadeningourknowledgeofourselvesandtheworldaroundus.Whenhumansfirst1,theywerelikenewbornchildren,unabletousethis2tool.Yetoncelanguagedeveloped,thepossibilitiesforhumankind’sfuture3andculturalgrowthincreased.
Manylinguistsbelievethatevolutionis4forourabilitytoproduceanduselanguage.They5thatourhighlyevolvedbrainprovidesuswithan6languageabilitynotfoundinlowerorganisms.7ofthisinnatenesstheorysaythatour8forlanguageisinborn,butthatlanguageitselfdevelopsgradually,
9afunctionofthegrowthofthebrainduringchildhood.Therefore,therearecritical10timesforlanguagedevelopment.
Currentreviewsofinnatenesstheoryare11.However,evidencesupportingtheexistenceofsomeinnateabilitiesisundeniable.12,moreandmoreschoolsarediscoveringthatforeignlanguagesarebesttaughtin13grades.Youngchildrenoftencanlearnseverallanguagesbybeing14tothem,whileadultshaveamuchhardertimelearninganotherlanguageoncethe15oftheirfirstlanguagehavebecomefirmlyfixed.16someaspectsoflanguageareundeniablyinnate,languagedoesnotdevelopautomaticallyina17.Childrenwhohavebeenisolatedfromotherhumanbeingsdonotpossesslanguage.Thisdemonstratesthat18withotherhumanbeingsisnecessaryforproperlanguagedevelopment.Somelinguistsbelievethatthisisevenmorebasictohumanlanguage19thananyinnatecapacities.Thesetheoristsviewlanguageasimitativelearnedbehavior.20,childrenlearnlanguagefromtheirparentsbyimitatingthem.Parentsgraduallyshapetheirchild’slanguageskillsbypositivelyreinforcingpreciseimitationsandnegativelyreinforcingimpreciseones.
1.[A]evolved
[B]born
[C]produced
[D]originated
2.[A]perfect
[B]favorite
[C]valuable
[D]appropriate
3.[A]evolution
[B]perfection
[C]feasibility
[D]attainments
4.[A]reliable
[B]responsible
[C]available
[D]accessible
5.[A]confirm
[B]inform
[C]claim
[D]acknowledge
6.[A]innate
[B]instinctive
[C]internal
[D]inherent
7.[A]Rivals
[B]Propagandists
[C]Agitators
[D]Proponents
8.[A]potential
[B]preference
[C]affection
[D]passion
9.[A]like
[B]as
[C]similarto
[D]unlike
10.[A]psychological
[B]emotional
[C]biological
[D]ideological
11.[A]mixed
[B]favorable
[C]identical
[D]unanimous
12.[A]Indeed
[B]Inshort
[C]Inotherwords
[D]Inaway
13.[A]thehigher
[B]thelower
[C]standard
[D]various
14.[A]disclosed
[B]revealed
[C]immersed
[D]exposed
15.[A]charters
[B]regulations
[C]rules
[D]constitutions
16.[A]Because
[B]Incase
[C]Although
[D]If
17.[A]sense
[B]vacuum
[C]galaxy
[D]hurry
18.[A]comparison
[B]interaction
[C]exposition
[D]fascination
19.[A]manipulation
[B]inheritance
[C]interpretation
[D]acquisition
20.[A]Forexample
[B]Inshort
[C]Aboveall
[D]Asaresult
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonthe
ANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
WhydidtheUnitedStatesbecometheleadingeconomicpowerofthe20thcentury?ThebestshortansweristhataferociousbeliefthatpeoplehavethepowertotransformtheirownlivesgaveAmericansanunparalleledcommitmenttoeducation,hardworkandeconomicfreedom.
America’sedgeboostedproductivityandgrowth.Butthehappyeraendedaround1970whenAmerica’seducationalprogressslowedtoacrawl.Between1975and1990,educationalattainmentsstagnatedcompletely.Sincethen,progresshasbeenmodest.America’sleadoveritseconomicrivalshasbeenentirelyforfeited,withmanynationssurgingaheadinschoolattainment.
Thisthreatensthecountry’slong-termprospects.Italsowidensthegapbetweenrichandpoor.GoldinandKatzdescribearacebetweentechnologyandeducation.Thepaceoftechnologicalchangehasbeensurprisinglysteady.Inperiodswheneducationalprogressoutpacesthischange,inequalitynarrows.Themarketisfloodedwithskilledworkers,sotheirwagesrisemodestly.Inperiods,likethecurrentone,wheneducationalprogresslagsbehindtechnologicalchange,inequalitywidens.Therelativelyfewskilledworkerscommandhigherprices,whilethemanyunskilledoneshavelittlebargainingpower.
In“Schools,SkillsandSynapses,”Heckmanprobesthesourcesofthatdecline.It’snotfallingschoolquality,heargues.Norisitprimarilyashortageoffundingorrisingcollegetuitioncosts.Instead,Heckmandirectsattentionatfamilyenvironments,whichhavedeterioratedoverthepast40years.Heckmanpointsoutthatbiggapsineducationalattainmentarepresentatage5.Somechildrenarebathedinanatmospherethatpromoteshumancapitaldevelopmentand,increasingly,morearenot.By5,itispossibletopredict,withdepressingaccuracy,whowillcompletehighschoolandcollegeandwhowon’t.
I.Q.matters,butHeckmanpointstoequallyimportanttraitsthatstartandthenbuildfromthoseearlyyears:motivationlevels,emotionalstability,self-controlandsociability.Heusescommonsensetointuitwhatthesetraitsare,butonthissubjecteconomistshavealottolearnfromdevelopmentalpsychologists.Ipointtothesetworesearchprojectsbecausetheskillsslowdownisthebiggestissuefacingthecountry.
Thereisabigdebateunderwayoverthesourcesofmiddle-classeconomicanxiety.Somepopulistsemphasizethedestructiveforcesofglobalization,outsourcingandpredatorycapitalism.Thesepeoplesayweneedradicallabormarketreformstogivetheworkingclassachance.ButthepopulistsaregoingtohavetograpplewiththeGoldin,KatzandHeckmanresearch,whichpowerfullybuttressestheargumentsofthosewhoemphasizehumancapitalpolicies.It’snotglobalizationorimmigrationorcomputersthatwideninequality.It’stheskillsgap.Boostingeducationalattainmentatthebottomismorepromisingthantryingtoreorganizetheglobaleconomy.
Thesentence“America’sleadoveritseconomicrivalshasbeenentirelyforfeited”inparagraph2meansthat
Americahasbeendeprivedofitsleadershipovertheothersineducation.
Americahassurpassedallothercountriesineconomy.
Americagoesaheadmoresteadilyandsurelythanitscompetitorsineducation.
Americaistheleadingcountryovertheothercountriesinschooling.
Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?
America’sfastgrowthresultedfromthehardworkandthriftinessofitspeople.
TheeducationofskilledworkershasmetwithfinancialproblemsinAmericarecently.
TheimprovementineducationinAmericahasbeenstablesincethe1970’s.
Americans’confidenceinchangingtheirlivesmadeAmericatheleadingeconomicpower.
Wemayinferfromthethirdparagraphthat
therecessionofAmericaneconomyenlargesthegapbetweentherichandthepoor.
educationgreatlyinfluencesthefutureofAmericainthelongrun.
itwouldbemoreunequalwheneducationdevelopsfasterthantechnology.
thesalariesofskilledworkerswillincreasesteadilywhenthemarketisfloodedwiththem.
Hickmanthinksfamilyenvironmentsarethemostimportantreasonforthedeclineofskilledworkersbecause
thegreatdifferencesineducationalachievementsareunfoldedatage5.
thefamilyenvironmentshavedegeneratedforseveraldecades.
morechildrenintheworseningfamilyatmospherecan’tachievepropereducation.
theearlyyearsespeciallybefore5shapespeople’skeyqualitiestosucceedinschooling.
Thebesttitleforthetextis
Education—theKeytoaLeadingEconomicPower
TheImportanceofEducationintheEarlyAge
ReasonsfortheDeclineoftheAmericanEconomy
TheRootofAmericanEconomy
Text2
In2002,Microsoftco-founderandphilanthropistPaulAllenaskedahandfulofneuroscientistshowbesthecouldusesomeofhisfortunetoadvancetheirfield.Theresearchersrecommendedthecreationofamapofgeneexpressioninthemousebrain,whichtheysaidwouldcombinewithknowledgegainedfromtheHumanGenomeProjecttoilluminatehowourbrainswork.TheideabecametheinauguralprojectoftheAllenInstituteforBrainScienceinSeattle,Washington;$40millionand4yearslater,themapisnowfinished.
ThecompletionoftheAllenBrainAtlas,announcedthisweek,capsapainstakingeffortthatinvolvedanalyzingmorethan250,000slicesofmousebraintodeterminewhichofthe21,000orsoknowngenesintheanimal’sgenomeareturnedoninthebrain,aswellaswhereandtowhatextent.Theresultisafreelyaccessible,searchabledigitaldatabase.Researchersareecstatic:Theysaythegene-expressionmapwillacceleratethesearchfordrugstotreatpsychiatricillnessesandhelpaddressfundamentalquestionsaboutthedevelopmentandfunctionofdifferentbrainstructures.“SomearecallingittheGoogleofthebrain,”saysJoanneWang,pharmaceuticsresearcherattheUniversityofWashington,Seattle.“Icouldnotthinkofabettertermthanthat.”
Theinterdisciplinaryprojectinvolvedneuroscientistsandgeneticists,aswellasbioinformaticistsandsoftwareengineerswhoworkedonautomatingtheanalysis.“Ittookmorethanayearjusttointegratethemicroscopetothesoftware,”saysAllanJones,thechiefscientificofficeroftheproject.Havingmiceastheobjectofstudyallowedforahighdegreeofexperimentalcontrol,Jonesnotes,notonlyweretheanimalsgeneticallyidentical,buttheywerealsogiventhesamedietandhandledthesamewaytothesameage—56days—beforebraintissuewasdrawnfromthem.
Themapshowsthat80%ofgenesinthemousegenomeareexpressedinthebrain—higherthanthe70%figurethatresearcherspreviouslythought.“Also,roughly25%ofthegenesexpressedinthebrainshowsomekindofregionalrestriction,”Jonessays.Amongthethingsthatthedatasetwillallowresearcherstodo,headds,is“groupcellsinthebrainthathavesimilarpatternsofgeneexpression,whichcouldrevealfunctionallyrelevantbrainstructuresthatarestillunknown.”
Themaphelpsnarrowdownalternativehypothesesquicklyinsteadoftestingthemallthroughhoursoflabwork,saysRoskams.Wanghasfoundthattheatlasaidsherworkonusingmoleculesknownasmembranetransporters,whichferrycargointoandoutofthebrain,todeliverdrugstotargetedbrainareas.Doingthisrequiresunderstandingwhereandhowabundantlydrug-transportergenesareexpressedinthebrain,whichis“notatrivialtaskforindividuallabs,”shesays.“Ihadagraduatestudentworkforalmostawholeyeartomapthebrainexpressionpatternofasingletransportergenediscoveredinourlab.”Now,shecansimplytypeagene’snameintothesiteandclickabuttontoviewitsexpressionprofile.
Accordingtoparagraph1,PaulAllen’sidea[A]wasabouttheestablishmentofamapoftheworld.[B]wasaresearchwithintheHumanGenomeProject.
[C]becamethestartingresearchoftheAllenInstituteforBrainScience.[D]wastousehisfundtoadvancethedesignanddevelopmentofcomputers.
Byreferringtothegene-expressionmap“Googleofthebrain”(Lines6-7,Para.2),theauthorprobablymeans
itcancollectalotofinformationabouttheworldinablink.
itcanquickenthesearchfordrugsthatcanhelptreatbrainillnesses.[C]itisapowerfulnewsearchenginewhichiscomparabletoGoogle.[D]itcanhelpanswerquestionsconcerningpeople’shealth.
Wecanlearnfromparagraph3that
theprojectcalledforthecooperationofspecialistsworkinginmanyfields.[B]ittookmorethanayeartoseparatethemicroscopefromthesoftware.[C]themiceusedintheexperimentsweregeneticallydifferent.
[D]themice’sbraintissuewasdrawnawayhappenedpriortotheirbeinggiventhesamediet.
Fromthelastparagraphwecanlearnthat
peoplecantesthypothesesthroughhoursoflabwork.[B]membranetransporterscanonlytakecargooutofthebrain.
[C]thewaydrug-transportergenesareexpressedisonlysimplelaboratorywork.[D]peoplecanprovedifferenthypotheseseasilywiththebrainmap.
Thebesttitleforthispassagemaybe
PaulAllen’sWiseInvestment.[B]BrainAtlasAdvancingNeurology.[C]GeneCanBeChanged.
[D]ANewSearchEngineComparabletoGoogle.
Text3
Threehoursbyairfromthismetropolisareafewsocietiesofancientlineage:theNicobareseandfiveotherindigenoustribesoftheAndamanandNicobarislands,twoofwhichstillpursueahunter-gathererlifestyle.TheIndiangovernmentisgrapplingwithhowbesttoprotectthesefragilecultures:whethertosharplylimittheircontactwithoutsidersorslowlyintegratethemintomodernsociety.
“Theapproachwetakedoesnotpromotecompleteisolationnordoesitadvocatecompleteintegration,butamiddleground,”saysV.R.Rao,directoroftheAnthropologicalSurveyofIndiainKolkata.“AnypolicyontheAndamanaboriginalgroupsshouldallowthemalargemeasureofindependenceinchoosingtheirownfuture,”addsSitaVenkateswar,asocialanthropologistatMasseyUniversityinPalmerston,NewZealand,whohasstudiedonetribe,theOnge,forseveralyears.
Indeed,thetribesthemselvesarelargelysettingthepaceofintegration.AtoneextremeistheSentineleseoftinyNorthSentinelIslandintheAndamans.Thisgroup,estimatedat100individuals,maybethelastcultureintheworldmaintainingaStoneAgelifestyle,accordingtotheTribalWelfareDepartmentoftheAndamanandNicobarAdministration(ANA).Contactsarevirtuallynil.“WeknowaboutwildtigernumbersinIndiabutdon'tknowtheexactpopulationoftheSentinelese,”saysVishvajitPandya,ananthropologistattheDhirdbhaiAmbaniInstituteforInformationandCommunicationTechnologyinGandhinagar,whohasstudiedtheOngeandtheJarawa.
TheSentinelesepreferisolation.Afriendlycontactoccurred15yearsago,whenanANAteamsailedtotheislandbearinggiftsofcloth,coconuts,andbananas.Butthatoverturewascriticizedbycivilsocietygroupsongroundsthatthetribe,whichhadnotsoughtcontact,shouldbeleftalonetopreventriskssuchasintroduceddiseases.
Since1991,ANAhasenforcedahands-offpolicytowardtheSentinelese.Theonlyexceptionwasamissiontocheckonhowtheyfaredinthe2004tsunami.WhenanIndianAirForcehelicopterflewovertheisland,itwasgreetedwithabarrageofarrowsandturnedback.ThenlastJanuary,twofishersenteredthewatersofNorthSentinelIsland,reportedlytopoachcrabs.Theywereallegedlyslainandburiedinthesand,saysSamirAcharya,presidentoftheSocietyforAndamanandNicobarEcologyinPortBlair,theAndamancapital.PoliceexercisedrestraintbynotpressingchargesorventuringintoSentineleseterritorytoretrievethebodies,Acharyasays.
Butothertribesarereachingout.TheJarawa,oncehostileliketheSentinelese,begantovisitethnicIndiancommunitiesin1998,sometimesseekingmedicalassistance.Theirbenignforaysposeachallengeforthegovernment:Heightenedcontactmayerodetribalculture,whereasahands-offapproachwouldbedifficulttosustainandjustify,particularlywhenmedicalaidissought.ThegovernmenthassinceestablishedahealthoutpostborderingJarawasettlements.
Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,theIndiangovernment
setstokeepancientculturesfromcontactingwithoutsiders.[B]planstointegratethemcompletelyintomodernsociety.[C]pressesfornecessaryassistancetobeprovidedtothetribalpeople.[D]wantstomaintainabalancebetweenisolationandintegration.
Thesentence“WeknowaboutwildtigernumbersinIndiabutdon’tknowtheexactpopulationoftheSentinelese.”(Lines4-5,Para.3)showsthat
thenumberofwildtigersiscomparativelyeasytoidentify.
people’sresearcherinterestisinthewildtigersonNorthSentinelIsland.[C]therearefewcontactsbetweentheSentinelesepeopleandtheoutside.[D]thepopulationoftheSentineleseisnumerous.
WhyisthefriendlycontactwiththeSentinelese15yearsagocriticizedbypeople?
Unpredictabledisastermightbebroughttotheisland.[B]Theenvironmentontheislandisdestroyedbytheconduct.
[C]Itisthoughttobeimpolitetovisitthetribalwithoutinformingbeforehand.[D]Theyshouldnotlurethetribalpeoplewithgiftslikecloth,coconuts,etc.
Wecanlearnfromparagraph5that
[A]ANAhasenforcedapolicytohelpthetribalpeopleregularly.[B]therewasnolandingontheislandinitiatedbyANAsince1991.
[C]anIndianAirForcehelicopteroncelandedontheNorthSentinelIsland.[D]twointrudingfishermenwerekilledbytheSentinelese.
Whichofthefollowingisthemostisolatedtribeaccordingtothepassage?
TheNicobarese.[B]TheSentinelese.[C]TheOnge.[D]TheJarawa.
Text4
Thewillingnessofdoctorsatseveralmajormedicalcenterstoapologizetopatientsforharmfulerrorsisapromisingsteptowardimprovingtheratherdisappointingqualityofamedicalsystemthatkillstensofthousandsofinnocentpatientsayearinadvertently.
Foryears,expertshavelamentedthatmedicalmalpracticelitigationisaninefficientwaytodeterlethalordamagingmedicalerrors.Whattheynoticed,simplyputit,isthatmostvictimsofmalpracticeneversue,andthereissomeevidencethatmanypatientswhodosuewerenotharmedbyaphysician’serrorbutinsteadsufferedanadversemedicaloutcomethatcouldnothavebeenprevented.Thedetailsofwhatwentwrongareoftenkeptsecretaspartofasettlementagreement.
Whatisneeded,manyspecialistsagree,isasystemthatquicklybringsanerrortolightsothatfurthererrorscanbeheadedoffandthatcompensatesvictimspromptlyandfairly.Manydoctors,unfortunately,havebeenafraidthatadmittinganddescribingtheirerrorswouldonlyinviteacostlylawsuit.
Now,asdescribedbyKevinSackinTheTimes,ahandfulofprominentacademicmedicalcentershaveadoptedanewpolicyofpromptlydisclosingerrors,offeringearnestapologiesandprovidingfaircompensation.Itappearstosatisfymanypatients,reducelegalcostsandthelitigationburdenand,insomeinstances,helpsreducemalpracticepremiums.HerearesomeexamplesfromcollegesoftheUnitedStates:attheUniversityofIllinois,of37caseswherethehospitalacknowledgedapreventableerrorandapologized,onlyonepatientfiledsuit;attheUniversityofMichiganHealthSystem,existingclaimsandlawsuitsdroppedfrom262inAugust2001to83inAugust2007,andlegalcostsfellbytwo-thirds.
Toencouragegreatercandor,morethan30stateshaveenactedlawsmakingapologiesformedicalerrorsinadmissibleincourt.Thatsoundslikeasensiblestepthatshouldbeadoptedbyotherstatesorbecomefederallaw.Suchlawscouldhelpbringmoreerrorstolight.Patientswhohavebeenharmedbynegligentdoctorscanstillsueformalpractice,usingotherevidencetomaketheircase.
Admittingerrorsisonlythefirststeptowardreformingthehealthcaresystemsothatfarfewermistakesaremade.Butreformscanbemoreeffectiveifdoctorsarecandidabouthowtheywentastray.Patientsseemfarlessangrywhentheyreceiveanhonestexplanation,anapologyandprompt,faircompensationfortheharmtheyhavesuffered.
Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?
Doctors’confessionofmistakesandapologieshelptobettermedicalcare.
Expertsbelieveitaninefficientwayforpatientstosuefortheirlivery.
Mistreatedpatientsneversueoncesufferanunpreventableadversemedicaloutcome.
Thedetailsofpatients’conditionsareoftenkeptsecret.
Whilemanyspecialtiescallforadisclosuremechanism,somephysiciansareworryingabout
exposuretothemedia
describingtheirmistakesindetails
compensatingvictimspromptlyandfairly
involvementinanexpensivecivilcase
AccordingtoParagraph5,lawsareenactedinmorethan30states
tobeadoptedbyotherstates
tobecomefederallaw
tomakeapologiesformedicalmisconducts
tosparkmedicalpractitionerstoconfessmore
Fromthelastparagraph,wecaninferthatdoctorsshoulddescribethewaytheymademistakesinorderto
admitmalpracticesfirst
makelessmedicalmistakes
avoidlawsuits
beforgiven
Theauthor’sattitudetowardsdoctors’heartyapologiesmaybesummarizedas
skeptical
indifferent
supportive
intolerable
PartB
Directions:
Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
ThecauseofAlzheimer'sdiseaseisunknown,butvariousstudiessuggestthatitsriskfactorsextendbeyondgenetics.Somestudieshaveassociatedthediseasewithadearthofphysicalactivity.1
Anewstudybolsterstheviewthatbothkindsofinactivityposerisks.Peoplewhohavethememoryloss,confusion,anddisorientationofAlzheimer’sdiseaseinoldageweregenerallylessactivephysicallyandintellectuallybetweentheagesof20and60thatpeoplewhodon’thavethediseasewere,accordingtostudycoauthorRobertP.Friedland,aneurologistatCaseWesternReserveUniversitySchoolofMedicineinCleveland,andhiscolleagues.
Theresearcherscollectedlifestylehistoriesof193Alzheimer'spatientswithanaverageageof73.The
scientistscomparedthesewithdataonacontrolgroupof358people,averageage71,withoutAlzheimer's.Theteamthencalculatedtheamountofleisuretimeeachparticipanthadspentbetweenages20and60on
eachofthreetypesofactivities.Passiveactivitiesincludedwatchingtelevision,talkingonthephone,andgoingtochurch.Thescientistsalsotalliedtimespentonintellectualactivities,suchasreading,knitting,andplayingamusicalinstrument,andonphysicalactivitiesthatincludedgardening,walking,andcompetitivesports.
2
Afterestablishinganaverageoverallactivitylevelforallthestudy'sparticipants,theresearchersdiscoveredthattheAlzheimer'spatientswerenearlyfourtimesaslikelyasthepeoplewithoutAlzheimer’stofallbelowthataverage.Inparticular,thenon-Alzheimer'svolunteershaddevotedmoretimeonaveragebetweenages40and60
tointellectualactivitiesandlesstopassiveonesthanhadthosewhodevelopedthedisease. 3
WhilecertaingeneticfactorsseemtoinfluencethebraindeteriorationassociatedwithAlzheimer's,thesedon'taccountforallcasesofthedisease.Indeed,studiesofgeneticallysimilarpeoplelivinginseparatecountriesshowdivergentratesofAlzheimer'sdisease.
Thenewstudyaccountedfordifferencesineducationandincomebutnotoccupation.Itdoesn'tpointtoacauseofAlzheimer'sorevenpredictwhoreinforcethevalueofremainingphysicallyandmentallyactive,Friedlandsays.Fromanevolutionarystandpoint,peoplearestillphysicallydesignedtobeactivehuntersandgatherers.“Beingacouchpotato,”hesays,“isnotournaturalstate.”
“Intellectualstimulationmayworkthesameway,”hesays.4Someresearcherssuggestthatchallengingthebrainbuildsreservesoffunctionalbraintissuethatprotectpeopleagainstthedisease.
“Thisisaveryintriguingstudybuiltonextremelyrigorousdatacollectionandtabulation.”saysMaryS.Mittelman,anepidemiologistatNewYorkUniversitySchoolofMedicine.However,shewonderswhysomepeopleareactiveduringtheirmiddleyearswhileothersaren't.5 “Itcouldbeacombinationofboth,”
Friedlandsays.
Theresearcherstabulatedhowmanydifferentpassive,intellectual,orphysicalpursuitseachpersonperformed,hoursspentonthem,andthepercentageofleisuretimedevotedtoeach.
TheresearchersspentalotoftimeinfindingoutthetruecauseofAlzheimer'sdisease,buttheresultswerenotsatisfactory.
TheresearchersreporttheirfindingsintheMarch13ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.
TheonlysingleactivityinwhichAlzheimer'spatientsonaveragesignificantlyoutperformedtheircounterpartswaswatchingtelevision,Friedlandsays.
OthershavelinkedAlzheimer'sdiseasetoalackofstimulatingbrainwork.
StudiesindicatethatahighereducationallevelmakesapersonlesslikelytodevelopAlzheimer'sdisease.
CoulditbethatasedentarylifestylereallycontributestothedevelopmentofAlzheimer's,ordoestheailmentbeginearlyinlifeandsubtlysteerapersontowardalifestyle?
PartC
Directions:
ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationmustbewrittenclearlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
Althoughtruthandjusticemaybethemostpowerfulimpulsestoshowmoralcourage,thereareothers.Compassionisoneofthese.Tentativelyitcanbesuggestedthatthisisthemaininfluenceuponthosewhourgetheabolitionofcapitalpunishment.(46)Itisrecognitionofcompassion’spartthatleadstheupholdersofcapitalpunishmenttoaccusetheabolitionistsofsentimentalityinbeingmoresorryforthemurdererthanforhisvictim.ThisisnonsensebutwithitsomeorgansofthepopularPressplayedupontheemotionsoftheirreade
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