现在完成时讲解(同名5438)

现在完成时讲解

第一部分：现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，也可表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态。学习现在完成时，先从结构和句式开始：构成：主语

+have/has+

过去分词

+

其他(当主语是第三人称单数时用has，其余人称用have。过去分词：规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同；不规则动词需要特殊记忆。)否定式：主语

+haven’t/hasn’t+

过去分词

+

其他疑问式：Have/

Has+

主语

+

过去分词

+

其他?简略答语：Yes,

主语

+have/has.(肯定)No,

主语

+haven’t/hasn’t.(否定)第二部分：现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响，用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义：1.以already,just和yet为标志already,just和yet表示到现在为止动作或状态已经、刚刚或还没有发生。

Hehasalreadygotherhelp.他已得到她的帮助。

Hehasjustseenthefilm.他刚刚看过这场电影。

He

hasn’t

comebackyet.他还没有回来。2.以ever和never为标志ever和never表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过。

ThisisthebestfilmIhaveeverseen.这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。

HehasneverbeentoBeijing.他从没有到过北京。3.以动作发生的次数为标志

若某一动作到现在为止已经发生了若干次，则要使用现在完成时。

Hesayshehasbeentothe

USA

threetimes.

他说他已经去过美国三次了。4.以sofar为标志

sofar往往表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生。

HehasgottoBeijingsofar.到目前为止他已到了北京。

Shehaspassedtheexamsofar.到目前为止她已经通过了考试。第三部分：过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在，甚至有可能继续延续下去，我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手，进一步学习现在完成时。

“终止”、“延续”要转换英语中的动词从词义上可以分为延续性和非延续性两种。在现在完成时态中一定要注意动词这一特性，应将这类非延续性动词转换为延续性动词。如：“Cats”hasbeenonforhalfanhour.《猫》已经开演半个小时了。Howlonghaveyouhadthisdictionary?这本字典你买了多久了?初中阶段常见的有：come—be,goout—beout,leave—beaway(from),begin—beon,buy—have,borrow—keep,join—beamember/

介词短语,die—bedead,become—be,open(v.)—beopen(adj.)

等。时间“点”、“段”须分清过去开始的动作可以延续到某一点结束，也可能继续延续，这时就要根据时间“点”、“段”选择相应的介词for或since。如：Hehasbeenawayfortwoyears.他已走了两年。(for+时间段)HehasbeenanEnglishteachersince1992.自从1992年以来他一直当英语教师。

(since+过去某一时刻)第四部分：A)

选用have,has填空：1.

I

_______toldhimthenews.2.

She

_______comebackfromschool.3.

You

_______wonthegame.B)

按要求改写下列各句：4.

They

haveboughtacomputer.

(改成否定句)

_________________________________________5.

He

haslosthisbook.

(先改成一般疑问句，再作肯定与否定回答)

—______________________

—

______________________

Key:1.

have

2.

has

3.

have4.

They

havenot/haven’tboughtacomputer.5.

—

Hashelosthisbook?

—

Yes,hehas./No,hehasnot/hasn’t.

怎样区别现在完成时和现在完成进行时

现在让我们来比较一下现在完成时和现在完成进行时。在比较这两个时态时，关键在于对现在完成进行时的基本概念是否理解，因为对于现在完成时我们已经有了一个基本的理解了。现在完成进行时是一兼有现在完成时和现在进行时二者基本特点的时态。由于它有现在完成时的特点，所以它可以表示某一动作对现在产生的结果或影响。由于它有现在进行时的特点，所以它也可以表示某一动作的延续性、临时性、重复性、生动性乃至感情色彩。现在就现在完成进行时的这些特点和现在完成时作一简单的比较：

（1）现在完成进行时和现在完成时皆可表示动作对现在产生的结果，但前者所表示的结果是直接的，而后者所表示的则是最后的结果。如：Wehavebeencleaningtheclassroom.

(a)

Wehavecleanedtheclassroom.

(b)

(a)句可译为“我们打扫教室来着。”其直接结果可能是：我们身上都是灰。(b)句可以译为“我们把教室打扫过了。”其结果是：现在教室很清洁，可以用了。另外，(a)句表示教室刚刚打扫过，(b)句则可能表示教室是昨天打扫的。

Becareful!Johnhasbeenpaintingthedoor.（a）Johnhaspaintedthedoor.（b）1一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。

I

saw

this

film

yesterday.（强调动作发生的时间是yesterday

。）

I

have

seen

this

film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）

2一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：…ago,

last

week/...

In

2008,

in

the

past,

just

now,

the

day

before

yesterday,

yesterday

...

Then(那时),that

day,

one

day,

once(从前)

现在完成时常和recently（近来），ever,

never,

twice,

so

far（到目前为止）,

since，for，in

the

past/last

few

years

,

already（肯定句）,

yet（否定，疑问句）,

just(刚刚),

before（以前）连用。现在完成时不与表示过去的时间状语连用。

现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live,

teach,

learn,

work,

study,

know.

VI.

比较since和for

since

后接时间点，

for后接时间段，试比较：

I

have

lived

here

for

more

than

twenty

years.

I

have

lived

here

since

I

was

born.

My

aunt

has

worked

in

a

company

since

1949.

I

have

not

heard

from

my

uncle

for

a

long

time.

VII.

比较

have/has

been

to、have/has

gone

to

和

have

been

in

have(has)

been

to...表示“曾去过某地，已经从那里回来了”，可以和ever、never、twice等连用。have(has)

gone

to表示“已经去了某地，在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有回来”。have(has)

been

in

表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since,

for,

how

long

等

He

went

to

Shanghai

last

week

上周他去了上海

He

has

been

to

Shanghai.

他(曾经)到/去过上海.(但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了)

He

has

gone

to

Shanghai.

他已经去上海了.(也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许还在路上,反正他人不在这里)

Mr.

Brown

has

been

in

Shanghai

for

three

days.

布朗先生来上海已经有三天了(

)14.

It

___

ten

years

since

he

left

the

army

.

Ａ.

Is

Ｂ.

has

Ｃ.

will

Ｄ.

Was

(

)15.

Miss

Green

isn't

in

the

office.

She_______

to

the

library.

Ａ.has

gone

Ｂ.

went

Ｃ.will

go

Ｄ.

has

been

(

)16.

My

parents

______

Shandong

for

ten

years.

Ａ.

have

been

in

Ｂ.

have

been

to

Ｃ.

have

gone

to

Ｄ.

have

been

(

)17.

The

students

have

cleaned

the

classroom,

____?

so

they

B.

don’t

they

C.

have

they

D.

haven’t

they

(

)18.

has

Mr.

White

been

a

member

of

Greener

China

since

he

to

China?

How

soon,

comes

B.

How

often,

got

C.

How

long,

came

D.

How

far,

arrived

(

)19.

His

uncle

for

more

than

9

years.

has

come

here

B.

has

started

to

work

C.

has

lived

there

D.

has

left

the

university

二、句型转换。

1、He

has

never

surfed,

____________

?（改成附加疑问句）

2、They

have

been

here

since

2001.

(提问)

___________

have

they

been

here?

3、The

old

man

_________

last

year.

He

____________for

a

year.

(die)

（动词填空）

4、This

factory

opened

twenty

years

ago.(同义句转换)

This

factory

____________________

for

twenty

years.

Miss

Green

left

an

hour

ago.

(同义句转换)

Miss

Green

____________________

an

hour

ago.

Her

mother

has

been

a

Party

member

for

three

years

.（同义句）

Her

mother

_______

the

Party

three

years

________

.

三、汉译英。

他昨天收到一封信。________________________________________________

我父亲以前到过长城。_______________________________________________

她去过上海。______________________________________________________

他这些天上哪儿去了？____________________________________

现在完成时练习

：一、

单项选择。

10、—______

you

___

your

homework

yet

?

—Yes

.

I

_____

it

a

moment

ago

.

A.Did

do

finished

B.Have

done

finished

C.Have

done

have

finished

D.will

do

finish

11、

His

father

______

the

Party

since

1978

.

A.

joined

B.

has

joined

C.

was

in

D.

has

been

in

12、—Do

you

know

him

well

?

—

Sure

.We

_________

friends

since

ten

years

ago

.

A.

were

B.

have

been

C.

have

become

D.

have

made

21.When

he

arrived

at

the

bus

stop,

the

bus

_____

for

20

minutes.

A.

has

left

B.

had

left

C.

has

been

away

D.

had

been

away

22.

I

______

the

League

for

5

years

so

far.

A.

joined

B.

have

joined

C.

have

been

in

23.The

factory

____

since

the

February

of

1988.

A

.

has

been

open

B.

has

opened

C.

was

open

D.

opened

24.Mary

and

Rose

____friends

since

they

met

in

2000.

A.

have

made

B.

have

been

C.

made

D.

have

become

26.The

meeting

_____

for

a

week

now.

A.

has

finished

B.

has

ended

C.

has

been

over

27.Miss

Gao

______

this

school

for

nearly

5

years.

A.

has

been

in

B.

has

come

to

C.

has

taught

30.

How

long

_______

he

________

?

A.

died

B.

has,

died

C.

has,

been

dead

31.

He

______

at

eight

yesterday

afternoon.

A.

slept

B.

was

sleeping

C.

has

sleep

D.

had

slept32.He

________

the

car

for

a

week.

A.

bought

B.

has

bought

C.

has

had

33.-----How

long

_____

you

_____

ill

?

-----Two

weeks.

A.

did

fall

B.

have,

fell

C.

have,

been

35.I'll

lend

you

the

book

,

but

you

can

only

_____

it

for

2

days.

A.

borrow

B.

keep

C.

take

40.-----

How

long

can

I

______

the

book?

------

Two

weeks.

A.

borrow

B.

lend

C.

get

D.

keep

二、

句型转换。

1、He

has

never

surfed,

______?（改成反意疑问句）

_______________________________________________

2、This

factory

opened

twenty

years

ago.(同义句转换)

This

factory

______

for

twenty

years.

Her

mother

has

been

a

Party

member

for

three

years

.（同义句）

_______________________________________________

Her

mother

_______

the

Party

three

years

________

.

The

Green

Family

moved

to

France

two

years

ago.

(同义句转换)_______________________________________________

_______

two

years

________

the

Green

family

moved

to

France.

一、用过去时或现在完成时填空：

1.

“_________

you

__________

(have)

lunch

?”

“Yes.”

“When

________

you

__________

(have)

it?”

“I

____________

(have)

it

at

12:00.”

“_________

you

__________

(write)

a

letter

to

your

aunt

yet?”

“Yes,

I

___________.

I

________________

(write)

one

last

week.”

“_________

he

___________

(finish)

his

homework?”

“Not

yet.”

“_________

they

ever

__________

(be)

abroad?”

“Yes,

just

once.”

Your

father

_________

just

___________

(finish)

his

work.

Your

father

_________

(finish)

his

work

just

now.

Last

term

I

__________

(learn)

many

English

words.

8.

They

____________

(not

read)

the

interesting

books

yet.

9.

He

_____________

never

____________

(go)

to

the

science

museum.

10.

____________

you

ever

____________

(drink)

coke?

11.Have

you

_____________

(buy)

a

dictionary?

“

“Yes,

I

__________

.”

“Where______

you

___________(buy)

it?”

“

I

_________(buy)

it

in

a

bookstore.”

“When

___________

you

_____________

(buy)

it?”

“

Yesterday.”

二、用since和for填空

______

two

years

2._______

two

years

ago

3.

_______

last

month

______

1999

5._______

yesterday

6.

_______

4

o’clock

7.

______

4

hours

9.

_______

we

were

children

11.______

she

left

here

12.

He

has

lived

in

Nanjing

________

the

year

before

last.13.

I’ve

known

him

__________

we

were

children.

14.

Our

teacher

has

studied

Japanese

_________

three

years.

15.

She

has

been

away

from

the

city

___________

about

ten

years.

16.

It’s

about

ten

years

__________

she

left

the

city.

三、用have/has

been

to/in,

have

gone

to及go的各种形式填空。

1)

Where

is

Jack?

He

__