TEM4(完形填空讲座)

TEM4ClozeClozeSyllabusandCopingTacticsExercises大纲要求1、

测试要求：（a）能在全面理解所给短文内容的基础上，选择一个最佳答案使短文意思和结构恢复完整。（b）考试时间15分钟。2、

测试形式：本部分采用多项选择题。在一篇约250个单词、题材熟悉、难度中等的短文中留出20个空白。每个空白为一题，每题有四个选项。填空的词涉及语法和词汇。3、

测试目的：测试学生的综合语言知识和技能。解题技巧完形填空的每一个空格都不是孤立的,它是整个篇章的一部分,与上下文有着明显或微妙的关系,因此在选择时就要考虑到选项与上下文的联系.通常这种联系或关系为考生做出正确选择提供了各种线索,比如语义逻辑,语法框架,词汇搭配及词义的应用和概念,还有些是非语言形性的一些知识等,下面就几种微观处理选项的技巧简要介绍.一语义线索在完形填空中,某些项的选择可以根据”语义”来决定,即已有的词或句子的语义决定着必须选择某个选项,否则整个文章的语义逻辑就不通,内容就与作者的原意不一致.因此考生在做选择时,不要忽略语义这条重要的线索.例如:

Althoughinteriordesignhasexistedsincethebeginningofarchitecture,itsdevelopmentintoaspecializedfieldisreallyquiterecent.Interiordesignershavebecomeimportantpartlybecauseofthemanyfunctionsthatmightbe(1)____inasinglelargebuilding.A.consistedB.containedC.composedD.comprised根据语义线索(内部装饰变得重要的部分原因是因为一座大楼包含许多用途),可知空格处需要一个表示”包含(括)”意义的动词.在四个选项中consisted“由…构成”,多用于主动且与of连用;compose“组成”多以becomposedof这一固定词组出现;comprise“包含”一般不用于被动语态.contain在用法上和语义上符合题意,故为答案.二语法线索语法线索是指所应填入的词与上下文可能发生的语法方面的联系.利用这种联系可推断出正确的选项.例如:Citiescontainthevery(1)____aspectofasociety:opportunitiesforeducation,employment,andentertainment.Theyalsocontaintheveryworstpartsofsociety:A.wellB.goodC.betterD.best根据第二句中的语法线索theveryworst,我们就可以肯定此空也要用形容词最高级,又因为这两句是对比句,所以只能选D.三词汇线索有些完形填空要填入的词与上下文其他词有各种联系,文中的词往往在词义上或搭配上决定了所应填入的词.这些词就构成了选择答案时的词汇线索.例如Someofthedifficultiestheyexperiencedwhentheyweretryingto(1)_____themselvestothenewmediumweretechnical.A.turnB.adaptC.alterD.modify根据词汇搭配及语义线索,正确选项为B.因为adaptoneselfto是固定搭配,意为”适应,习惯于”,这符合题意.其他三项均有”改变”之意,且不能和oneself搭配.四概念线索在完形填空题的上下文中,有时会出现一些词与空格内需要填的词同指一人或一事物,甚至可以在上下文中找到应填的同一个词.这就是所说的概念线索.五语篇线索有时完形填空的各个选项同为表示一定逻辑关系或承接关系的词或词组.选项同为单词时首先看四个选项是否词性相同.倘若连词,副词混杂,先分析原句成分是否完整,可参考标点符号或其他连词的存在.确定所需的词性后,再判断逻辑题在原文中所涉及的范围.有时只是几个词之间的关系.常出现在完形填空部分的逻辑关系表示方式有连词,副词,语气词及插入语,词组(介词词组):1.因果(注意因与果在句中的相对位置):连词:for/since/as/because/forthereasonthat介词:becauseof,dueto,owingto,thanksto,asaresultof,butfor,inconsequenceof副词:therefore,hence,forthatreason其他:naturally,nodoubt,nowonder,it’snosurprise…2.并列,顺承或递进:and,what’smore,moreover,fortunately,asexpected3.比较/对比:similarly,likewise,while,whereas,onthecontrary,incontrastwith/tosth,bycontrast,otherwise4.解释:inotherwords,thatistosay,thatis,tobeexact,toputitmildly5.例证,列举:forinstance,takesth.forexample,considerthecaseofsb.,tomentionjustafew,suchas,namely6.时间次序:tobeginwith,tostartwith,attheverybeginning,eventually,inthelongrun,attheend,atthesametime,meanwhile,simultaneously,序数词7.总结/收尾:tosumup,inbrief,inshort,inaword,inconclusion,allinall8.转折,让步:however,nevertheless,nonetheless,but,yet,surprisingly,though,although,despite,inspiteof,despite,anyway,though(adv)(注:表转折和让步的词是各类考试所考频率最高的连接词)六超语言线索在完形填空试题中,有时不是利用以上几种线索便可以决定选项,这时往往需要根据对试题内容的有关背景知识的了解来决定填入的选项.CopingTactics（通、做、核）1、通读理解全文：首先要对全文进行通读，（尽量不看选项）力求理解文章内容，同时注意上下文的联系，把握全文的脉络。目标：了解短文体裁（描写、叙事、说明或议论），全文主旨（描写的主体及作者褒贬态度、叙事文的情节大意、说明文的阐述主题及方法、议论文的论点、论据和对立观点）。2、读短文，边读边做题1）注意前后联系：考题中的多处空格破坏了句子，文章信息的完整性，但考题的设计者充分考虑了空格出现的语境，连接代词、副词以及一些特定的短语使段落、句子、分句、句子不同部分构成了紧密的递进、因果、并列、条件等内在逻辑关系。要学会根据语境理顺前后关系，选择出正确的答题。2）注意搭配关系：英语中的搭配管子主要体现在名词与动词、形容词、介词搭配；动词与名词、副词、介词搭配；形容词与名词、介词搭配。3）运用语法知识：利用语法结构、人称、性、数、语态和时态等知识解决问题。4）重点掌握动词：对动词的考核除了各种时态、语态、动名词、分词、不定式、单数第三人称之外，还要注意掌握动词的及物性和不及物性，注意相近词辨析，注意动词和副词、介词、名词的搭配关系，动词对所跟动词、句子形式上的要求等。5）注意难词的处理：出现生词再所难免，有的根本不会对文章产生影响，如果是关键词，可根据语境、上下文或构词法等进行推测。3、仔细检查把关。常见题型1、近义词（25%）2、近形词（10%）3、非近义同类词（20%）4、语篇分析题（15%）5、介词题（5%）6、搭配题（20%）7、修辞题（5%）详见《最新英语专业四级考试指南》P.77-82BACKPARTIIICLOZE[15MIN.]Decidewhichofthechoicesgivenbelowwouldbestcompletethepassageifinsertedinthecorrespondingblanks.Markthebestchoiceforeachblankonyouranswersheet.ExercisesIntheMiddle(1)______.Peopleateanddrankatinnscalledauberges,whichwerebeginningtobebuilt(2)______theroads,atpublichousescalledtaverns,andatcabaretsinthetowns.Atfirst,tavernswereallowedtoservenothing(3)_____drinks.Latertheywereallowedto(4)_____foodssuchasappetizer(whichtheyboughtfromdelicatessensoutside,likeacharcuterieorrotisserie),buttheywere(5)_____toemploychefsinordertoserveprepareddishes.Undertheinfluenceofcabarets,(6)_____,whichwereallowedtoservemeals,taverns,too,graduallycametoserve(7)_____meals,andthedifferencesbetweenthem(8)______.1.A.TimesB.AgesC.PeriodsD.Era2.A.onB.alongC.inD.at3.A.butB.onlyC.justD.besides4.A.serveB.serviceC.provideD.offer5.A.allowedB.forbidC.deniedD.forbidden6.AaswellasB.butC.howeverD.furthermore7.A.considerateB.substantialC.concreteD.staple8.A.appearedB.camebyCdisappearedD.zoomedinBBAADCBCPassage1InthemiddleoftheeighteenthcenturyaParisiantavernkeepernamedBoulangerdecidedtoselladishofsheep’sfeet,(9)_____trotters,inawhitesauceinhiseating-house.Theadvertisementforthedish(10)_____”“Walkup,everybodywhohasaweakstomach.I’ll(11)_____you”.TheFrenchwordfor“restore”isrestaurer.Thisnourishingdishgraduallybecameassociated(12)_____,thewordrestorante,meaning“restorativefood”,andeventuallytheplacewhereitwaseatencametobecalleda(13)_____.9.A.andB.butC.orD.yet10.A.readsB.isread

C.wasreadD.read11.A.helpB.needC.restoreD.keep12.A.inB.ofC.withD.for13.A.restaurantB.storeC.restoreD.tavernCDCCA(14)_____,therestaurantasweknowwasborninthelateeighteenthcentury.ThefirstonewastheGrandeTaverndeLondres,openedbyAntonie

Beauvilliers.It(15)_____alltheconditionsforafirst-classrestaurantas(16)_____byBrillat-Savarin.Thatis,itprovidedeveryluxury(17)_____--choicewines,attractivedinnerware,tidywaiters,and(18)_____,smoothservice.(19)_____thesefinerestaurantevolvedandprospered,servicehasdevelopedtoafine(20)_____.14.A.ThereforeB.Thereof

C.TherebyD.However15.A.completedB.fulfilled

C.finishedD.carriedout16.A.definedB.confinedC.refinedD.profiled17.A.imaginedB.imaginable

C.imaginativeD.imaging18.A.faultedB.faultful

C.faultilyD.faultless19.A.ForB.WithC.AsD.Since20.A.artB.workC.partD.learningDBABDCANootherpeopleintheworldhavemoreinfluenceonus(1)_____ourparents.Whetherwelikeitornot,whetheryouareaparentyourselftodayornot,thetruthisthatthereareno(2)_____parents.Parentsdo(3)_____bestthattheycanwithwhatthey’vegot.Aschildrenwelook(4)_____ourparentsforapproval,fordirection,forlove,foraffection,andforsecurity.(5)_____ourfamilieswererichorpoor,smallorlarge,functionalordysfunctional,ourparentstriedtoshowushowweshouldliveourlives.As(6)_____,wehavetheopportunitytoquestionsomeofthebeliefs(7)_____onusandresolveanyleftoverangerandhurt.1.A.butB.thanC.onlyD.just2.A.goodB.perfect

C.badD.evil3.A.theirB.hisC.aD.the4.A.inB.forC.toD.at5.A.WhetherB.However

C.EitherD.Weather6.A.grown-upB.mature

C.professionalsD.adults7.A.impactedB.imparted

C.exposedD.unfoldedPassage2BBDCADB

Itisuptousto(8)_____ourselvesofthisexcessbaggageifwearetoenjoythejourneyoflifetoits(9)_____.Therearenouniversitiesthatofferdegreesin(10)_____.Youlearnitintheschooloflife.Ifwetreatourchildrenwithlove,kindness,andunderstanding,(11)_____themtoexploreandnourishtheircuriosity,weprovidethem(12)_____unlimitedpotentialgrowthandenrichment.8.A.wipeB.freeC.ridD.clear9.A.fullestB.highest

C.widestD.deepest10.A.parentsB.tobeparentsC.parentingD.beingparenting11.A.allowB.allowing

C.toallowD.andallowing12.A.inB.withC.withoutD.offCACBB

(13)_____totermswithourparentsisessentialtocomingtotermswithourselves,withourinner(14)_____thatinstillstheconfidenceandpeaceofmindtowakeupeachdayandfacetheworldwithjoyandpurpose.Youareprobablymore(15)_____ofyourselfthanyourparentseverwerewhenyouthinkaboutit.Maybeyourparentssaid(16)_____thingsnowandthen.Doyoufindyourselfthinkingthatyouarelessthan(17)____,thatyouareafailureandwillnever(18)_____somethingofyourselfandhavethelifeyousodesire?13.A.WhencomingB.Coming

C.ComesD.Itcomes14.A.soundB.mustC.lifeD.voice15.A.criticalB.crucial

C.criticizedD.critic16.A.harmfulB.wounded

C.hurtfulD.injured17.A.ableB.adequateC.effectiveD.competent18.A.makeB.showC.doD.letBDACDALet(19)_____ofbeingsocrueltoyourself.Letgooftheparentalvoicewithinandlistentothepositive,confidentpartofyou.“Invitethelovingyoutocomeout,to(20)_____tothebeautyadpotentialthatawaityou.”19.A.comeB.goC.runD.be20.AsurrenderB.surround

C.giveD.comeBAAparadoxisanapparent(1)________thatisneverthelesssomehowtrue.Itmaybe(2)_______asituationorastatement.Aesop’staleofthetraveler(3)________aparadoxicalsituation.Asa(4)________ofspeech,paradoxisastatement.WhenAlexanderPopewrotethataliterarycriticofhistimewould“damnwithfaintpraise”,hewasusinga(5)_______paradox,forhowcanamanbedamnedbypraising?1.A.conflictB.contradiction

C.similarityD.difference2.A.eitherB.neither

C.whetherD.not3.A.statesB.tellsC.illustratesD.represents4.A.wayB.flavorC.styleD.figure5.A.verbalB.literal

C.saidD.spokenPassage3BACDAWhenweunderstandalltheconditionsandcircumstancesinvolved(6)________aparadox,wefindthat(7)________atfirstseemedimpossibilitieswasactuallyentirelyplausibleandnotstrange(8)________.Theparadoxofthecoldhandsandhotporridgeisnotstrangeto(9)_______whoknowsthatastreamofairdirecteduponanobjectofdifferenttemperaturewill(10)_______bringthatobjectclosertoitsown(11)________,andPope’sparadoxisnotstrangewhenwerealizethatdamnisbeingused(12)________,6.A.atB.onC.inD.from7.A./B.itC.whetherD.what8.A.atallB.atlast

C.atleastD.inshort9.A.thoseB.anyone

C.anypeopleD.them10.A.intendtoB.carefor

C.tendtoD.watchover11.A.heatB.temperature

C.weatherD.degree12.A.literallyB.orally

C.figurativelyD.plainlyCDABCBCandthatPopemeansonlythata(13)_________reservedpraisemaydamage(14)________authorwiththepublicalmostasmuchas(15)_______criticism.Inaparadoxicalstatementthecontradictionusuallystems(16)________oneofthewordsbeingusedfigurativelyor(17)________morethanonesense.Thevalueofparadoxisits(18)________value.Itsseeming(19)________startlesthereaderintoattentionand,bythefactofitsapparentabsurdity,underscoresthe(20)________ofwhatisbeingsaid.13.A.muchB.so

C.suchD.too14.A.theB.aC.anD.such15.A.adverseB.complimentary

C.favorableD.friendly16.A.toB