被动语态学案

初三英语Module2~4PassiveVoice(被动语态)一、英语的两种语态：主动语态(activevoice)(主语是动作的执行者) Ecleanmyroomeveryday.被动语态(passivevoice) (主语是动作的承受者)Myroomiscleanedeveryday.二、 什么时候使用被动语态？当需要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时。Japaneseistaughtinthatschool.当不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。Paperismadefromwood.Threebridgeshavebeenbuilt(bytheworkers)since1988.(试比较：Theworkershavebuiltthreebridgessince1988.(主动语态))三、 被动语态的构成形式被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式，被动语态由be+过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例,各种时态的被动语态形式为：am/is/are+done(过去分词)一般现在时例Visitorsarerequestednottotouchtheexhibits.has/havebeendone现在完成时例Allthepreparationsforthetaskhavebeencompleted，andwe'rereadytostart.am/is/arebeingdone现在进行时例Anewcinemaisbeingbuilthere．was/weredone一般过去时例IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.hadbeendone过去完成时例Bytheendoflastyear，anothernewgymnasiumhadbeencompleted.was/werebeingdone过去进行时例AmeetingwasbeingheldwhenIwasthere.shall/willbedone一般将来时例Hundredsofjobswillbelostifthefactorycloses.should/wouldbedone过去将来时例Thenewswouldbesenttothesoldier'smotherassoonasitarrived.shall/willhavebeendone将来完成时(少用)例TheprojectwillhavebeencompletedbeforeJuly.should/wouldhavebeendone过去将来完成时(少用)例Hetoldmethathisnewclotheswouldhavebeenmadeverysoon.被动语态的特殊结构形式1） 带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词+be+过去分词。例Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.2） 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。例Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.可改为:Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.3） 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构的主语，其余不动。例Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.可改为:Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.4） 在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，变为被动结构时，要加to。例Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改为:Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.5） 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词+介词”，“动词+副词”等，可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词副词也不能省略。例ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.3.非谓语动词的被动语态v.+ing形式及不定式todo也有被动语态（一般时态和完成时态）。例Idon'tlikebeinglaughedatinthepublic.五、不用被动语态的情况。1．不及物动词/动词短语没有被动语态。常见有如下动词：takeplace（发生），happen（发生），comeabout（发生），breakout（爆发），appear（出现），disappear（消失），last（持续），arise（出现，发生），belongto（属于）。2．有些静态及物动词，如have，lack，fit，suit，cost，let，like等。他有一台电脑。正：Hehasacomputer.误：Acomputerishadbyhim.他当时正在洗澡。正：Hewastakingabath.误：Abathwasbeinghadbyhim.我的鞋不适合。正：Myshoesdon'tfitme.误：Iamnotfittedbymyshoes.这架钢琴花了她6000美元。正：Thepianocosther6000dollars.误：Shewascosther6000dollars.误：6000dollarswascosther.这件衣服他穿很合适。正：Thecoatsuitshimverywell.误：Heiswellsuitedbythecoat.宾语是反身代词、相互代词、同源宾语、不定式、v-ing形式及抽象名词等，都不能变为被动句子的主语，如：ItaughtmyselfFrench.我自学法语。（误：MyselfwastaughtFrench.）Theyloveeachother.他们相爱。（误：Eachotherisloved.）Weliveahappylife.我们过着幸福的生活。（误：Ahappyislivedbyus.）Shelikestoswim.她喜欢游泳。（误：Toswimislikedbyher.）六.主动形式表被动1） .谓语是不及物动词或连系动词。（特点：主语通常是物，且有着某种内在的特点。句子简短，且一定有副词。）egl：Theflowerslookbeautiful.eg2：Whathesaidsoundsreasonable.eg3：Therosessmellsweet.eg4：Themedicinetastesbitter.eg5：Theclothfeelssoft.eg6：Thedoorblewopen.2） .一些vi主动形式表被动含义open,close,shut,read,write,translate,wash,clean,lock,sell,wear,cut,cook,eat,weigh,drink,pay,draw,tear,etc.Somesilkswashwell.Thepenwritessmoothly.Thepoemreadsfluently（流利地）.Theshoeswearwell（很耐穿）.Thepapertearseasily.Theplayswon'tact.Hisnovelsdon'tsell.Thedoorwon'topen.Influenzausuallybreaksoutinwinter.流感通常发生在冬季。Usethismoneywhentheneedarises.有需要时就使用这笔钱。3） .英语中的静态动词（如have,lack,fit,hold,suit,resemble等）通常不用于被动语态：Myshoesdon'tfit我的鞋不合适。Theyoungmanlacksexperience.这个年轻人缺乏经验。4） .某些日常用语，谓语是进行时态Thedinneriscooking.Thecakesarebaking（烘烤）.Thebookisprinting.Hepaidallthatwasowing（欠的钱他都还了）.Practicemakesperfect1）•英语被动语态练习题附答案 anewlibrary inourschoollastyear?Is，builtB.Was,builtC.Does;buildD.Did;buildAnaccident onthisroadlastweek.A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happenedCotton inthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow4.Sofar,themoon bymanalready.A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisitedAtalkonChinesehistory intheschoolhallnextweek.A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.givesAlotofthings bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.A.aredoingB.arebeingdoneC.hasbeendoneD.willbedoneThedoctor foryet.A.isn'tsentB.hasn'tbeensentC.won'tbesentD.wasn'tsent--When___thiskindofcomputers ?--Lastyear.A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;usedWho thisbook ?A.did;writtenB.was;writtenbyC.did;writtenD.was;writtenMary showmehernewdictionary.A.hasaskedtoB.wasaskedtoC.isaskedD.askstoAstory byGrannyyesterday.A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldusThemonkeywasseen offthetree.A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump13.Olderpeople well.A.looksafterB.mustbelookedafterC.mustlookafterD.lookedafter14.Ourteacher carefully.A.shouldbelistenedtoB.shouldbelistenC.belistenedD.islistenedInsomepartoftheworld,tea withmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.servedItwasreportedthatthemurderer arrested.A.hasbeenB.hadbeenC.hasD.hadDoyouthinkthatthebridge inayear?A.wouldbecompletedB.willbecompletedC.hadbeencompletedD.isbeingcompletedGreatchanges inChinasincethePeople'sRepublicofChina in1949.A.havetakenplace;wasfoundedB.hastakenplace;wasfoundedC.havebeentakenplace;foundedD.tookplace;founded—WhydoesLingLinglooksounhappy?—Shehas byherclassmates.A.laughedB.laughedatC.beenlaughedD.beenlaughedatDoctors ineverypartoftheworld.A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneedIpromisethatmatterwill .A.betakencareB.betakencareofC.takecareD.takecareofNopermissionhas foranybodytoenterthebuilding.A.beengivenB.givenC.togiveD.begivenI tenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.A.gaveB.wasgivenC.wasgivingD.hadgivenCansuchathing happeningagain?A.preventfromB.preventedfromC.bepreventedfromD.topreventfromAnewhouse atthecorneroftheroad.A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuildingThisbike lastyear.A.boughtB.hasbeenboughtC.wasboughtD.hadbeenboughtDidyouseethehousethat byfirelastyear?A.wasdestroyingB.destroyedC.woulddestroyD.wasdestroyedIt whethershewillgetherworkinthehospital.A.hasn'tbeendecidedB.isn'tdecidingC.doesn'tdecide D.hasn'tdecidedThepen me.Itishers.A.isn'tbelongto B.wasn'tbelongtoC.doesn'tbelongtoD.didn'tbelongtoIcan'tusemybikebecauseit .A.isrepairingB.isbeingrepairedC.willrepairD.wasrepairingThechairmantoldthespeakerthatshe tospeakalittleloudersoastomakeherself .A.wasexpected;heardB.hadexpected;hearC.hadhoped;hearD.washoped;heard32．-Thewindowisdirty.—Iknow.It forweeks.A.hasn'tcleanedB.didn'tcleanC.wasn'tcleanedD.hasn'tbeencleanedBytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasium inBeijing.A.wouldbecompletedB.wasbeingcompletedC.hasbeencompletedD.hadbeencompleted—Howlong atthisjob?—Since1990.A.wereyouemployedB.haveyoubeenemployedC.hadyoubeenemployedD.willyoubeemployed—Whathappenedtothepricelessworksofart?— .A.TheyweredestroyedintheearthquakeTheearthquakewasdestroyingthemTheydestroyedintheearthquakeTheearthquakedestroyedthemThisisTed'sphoto.Wemisshimalot.He tryingtosaveachildintheearthquake.A.killedB.iskilledC.waskilledD.waskillingRainforests andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencutSelectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology sorapidly.A.schangingB.haschanged.willhavechangedD.willchangeHundredsofjobs ifthefactorycloses.A.loseB.willbelostC.arelostD.willloseAnewcinema here.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.A.willbebuiltB.isbuiltC.hasbeenbuiltD.isbeingbuilt・被动语态练习题1)Itissaidthatanewrobot byhiminafewdays.A)designedB)hasbeendesignedC)willbedesigned D)willhavebeendesigned2)Wearelate.Iexpectthefilm bythetimewegettothecinema.

A)willalreadyhavestartedB)wouldalreadyhavestartedC)shallhavealreadystartedD)hasalreadybeenstartedShewillstopshowingoffifnonotice ofher.A)istakenB)takesC)willbetakenD)hastakenDiamond inBrazilin1971.A)isfoundB)hasbeenfoundC)wasfoundD)hadbeenfound5)---“Haveyoumovedintothenewflat?” “Notyet.Theroom .”A)hasbeenpaintedB)ispaintedC)paintsD)isbeingpaintedMypictures untilnextFriday.A)won'tdevelopB)aren'tdevelopedC)don'tdevelopD)won'tbedevelopedTim sincehelosthisjobthreeweeksago.A)hadbeenunemployedB)wasunemployedC)hasbeenunemployedD)hasunemployedAgreatnumberofcollegesanduniversities since1949.A)hasbeenestablish B)havebeenestablishedC)haveestablished D)hadbeenestablishedI'llhavetopushthecartothesideoftheroadbecausewe ifweleaveithere.A)wouldbefined B)willbefinedC)willbeingfined10)“ twoticketsforthenewplayattheGrandTheatreonSaturA)wouldbefined B)willbefinedC)willbeingfined10)“ twoticketsforthenewplayattheGrandTheatreonSaturday.Shallwegoandseeittogether?”A)TheyhavebeengivenB)Ihavebeengiven C)Iamgiven11)Thesubjectoftheselectures bythelecturecommittee.A)isannounced B)havebeenannounced C)areannounced12)Ifoundanaspirinbottle droppedonthefloorofDavid'sroom.D)willhavebeenfinedD)TheyhavegiventomeD)hasbeenannouncedA)wasB)hadC)hadbeenD)isA)wasB)hadC)hadbeenD)isThegoods whenwearrivedattheairport.A)werejustunloadingB)werejustbeenunloadingC)hadjustunloaded D)werejustbeingunloadedIfone bypride,hewillrejectusefuladviceandfriendlyassistance.A)overcomes B)isovercomeC)hasbeenovercomeD)overcomeMostenvironmentproblemsexistbecauseadequatemeasuresforpreventingthem takeninthepast.A)wasnotB)werenotC)werenotbeingD)hadnotbeenYououghttohaveputthemilkintherefrigerator,now sour.A)IsmellB)itissmeltC)itsmellsD)itissmellingAftertherace ,thecelebrationbegan.A)hadbeenwonB)iswonC)willbewonD)hasbeenwonHewashereforalittlewhile,butIdon'tknowswhereshe now.A)is B)was C)hadbeenD)hasbeenTheyoungteacherhas competent.A)beenprovedtobeB)provedtobeC)beenprovedD)provedbeingPluto,theouterplanetofthesolarsystem, photographicallyinMarch1930.A)discoveredB)wasdiscoveredC)bydiscoveryD)whendiscoveredTogetabetterviewofthestage, .A)ourseatshadtobechangedB)ourseatswerechangedC)wehadtochangeourseatsD)ourseatswerechangedbyusAftersynthetic ,engineershadabetterchoiceofmaterial.A)createdB)hascreatedC)hasbeencreatedD)hadbeencreatedIthinkmuchattention yourpronunciation.A)mustbepaidtoB)oughttobepaidtoC)mustpaytoD)shouldbepaidtoSince1970,millionsofenthusiasts VitaminC,whichtheybelievecanremedy(治疗)thecommoncold.A)havetakenB)havebeentakenC)havebeentakingD)havebeentakingIdon'tremember thechancetotrythismethod.A)havingbeengivenB)tohavebeengivenC)havinggivenD)tohavegivenWecouldasksomeonetodotheworkprivatelywithoutit .A)knowB)beknownC)beingknownD)tobeknownTheconstructionofthelaboratory bytheendofnextmonth.\A)mustbecompleted B)musthavebeencompletedC)willbecompleting D)willhavebeencompletingTheywouldtellhowtheAfrican onashiptoanAmericanport.A)wasbroughtB)couldhavebeenbrought C)hadbeenbrought D)wastobebroughtHedoesnotpossessabicycle,thisoneheuses toPeter.A)isbelongedtoB)belongedC)belongsD)isbelongingNegotiation againwithMoscowtomorrow,agreateventwillbediscussedthen.A)istobeopened B)isonthepointofopeningC)isgoingtoopen D)opensThereasonforallthechangesbeingmade tousyet.A)hasnotexplainedB)hasnotbeenexplainedC)didnotexplainedD)werenotexplainedExperimentsinthephotographyofmovingobjects inboththeUnitedStatesandEuropewellbefore1900.A)