师范附属中学2017 2018学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题

TaskKazuoIshiguro，theJapanese-bornEnglishwriter，haswonthe2017NobelPrizein .TheSwedishAcademymadetheannouncementThursdayinStockholm.SaraDanius，theacademy'ssecretary，praisedIshiguroasaveryinterestingwriterinmanyways.HisbestknownworkTheRemainsoftheDay，whichwaspublishedin workedasabutler，themainmaleservantinthehomeofarichperson.Helooksbackonalifeinservicetothewealthy.Thebookdeepensintoadarkerstoryoftherepressed(压抑的) andsocialenvironmentof20th—centuryEngland.TheworkearnedIshigurotheManBookerPrize.The1993filmversionofthebookstarredAnthonyHopkinsandEmmaThompson.ThechoiceofIshigurofortheNobelPrizemarkedachangefollowingtwoyearsunconventionalchoices.Lastyear，theprizewenttoAmericansingerandsongwriterBobDylan.In2015,itwenttoSvetlanaAlexievichofBelarus，aninvestigative IshigurowasborninNagasaki，JapanandmovedtoBritainwithhisfamilyattheageof5.AlthoughhedidnotreturntoJapanuntilhewasinhis30s，Japanese5wereimportantinhisfirsttwonovelsAPaleViewofHillsandAnArtistoftheFloatingWorld.TaskTodaytherearemorethan15millionpeoplelivinginAustralia.Until1850mostofthe6camefromBritainandIreland.Thenin1851,7wasdiscoveredinsouth-easternAustralia.700,000peoplewenttoAustralia,mostofwhomwereChinese.Sincethen,manydifferentgroupsofimmigrantshavegoneto1.Duringthe1850sand1860sdifferentinItalywerefighting and1.In1830,Greekswenttoworkin（葡萄园）insouth-easternAustraliaItalianswereforcedtoleavetheirtheirexperienceinmakingwinewas2.In1891thefirstgroupof300Italianswentworkinthesugar-cane（甘蔗）fields 2.Somewenttoworkinthecoalmines3.AlotofItaliansarealsointhe3.Othersstartedcafes,barsand4.AftertheSecondWorld Greecewereverybad:littleworkandverypeople.AustralianeededworkerssowenttheretofindabetterI'dbeentravellingforlonghoursonalonelycountryroadwhenIhadaflattyre.SoIhadtostopandgetthetools theproblem.Itcertainly doingthiswithawhiteshirtandsuitNightfallwasapproaching.Suddenlyacarpulled frombehindme.Amangotoutandoffered me.Seeinghisunpleasantappearanceandtattoos(纹身)onhisarm.Ibecame 15asthoughtsofrobberiesflashedthroughmymind.But Icouldsayanythinghehadalreadybeguntotakethetoolstochangethe17 .WhilewatchinghimIhappenedtolookbackathiscarandnoticedsomeonesittinginthepassengerseat.Thishad18 ，itbegantorain.HesuggestedthatIwaitinhiscarbecausecarwasunsafe.AstherainincreasedgettinguswetwithinsecondsI agreed.WhenIsettledintothebackseat，awoman'svoicecamefromthefrontseat.“Areyouallright?”Sheturnedaroundtome.“Yes，Iam”Irepliedwithmuch whenseeinganoldwomanthere.ItmustbehisMorn，Ithought.Tomy 22，theoldwomanwasaneighborofthemanwhowashelpingme.“Jeffinsistedonstoppingwhenhesawyou23withthetyre.“Iamgratefulforhishelp，”Isaid.“Me，too!”shesaidwithasmile.Hehelpeddrivehertoseeherhusbandtwiceaweekinanursinghome.Shealsosaidthat atthechurchandtutoreddisadvantagedTherainstoppedandJeffandIchangedthetyre.Itriedtoofferhimmoneyandofcoursehe ItwasshamefulthatIjudgedpeoplebythewaythey .AsweshookhandsIbegantoapologizefor .Hesaid“Iexperiencethatsame28 often.Peoplewholooklikemedon'tdonicethings.I thoughtaboutchangingtheway.ButthenIsawthisasachancetomakea .SoI'llleaveyouwiththesamequestionIaskeveryonewhotakestimetoknowme.IfJesusreturnedtomorrowandwalkedamongusagain，wouldyourecognizeHimbywhatHeworeorbywhatHedid?"11.A.B.C.D.12.A.B.C.D.13.A.B.C.D.14.A.B.C.D.15.A.B.C.D.16.A.B.C.D.17.A.B.C.D.18.A.B.C.D.19.A.B.C.D.20.A.B.C.D.21.A.B.C.D.22.A.B.C.D.23.A.B.C.D.24.A.B.C.D.25.A.B.C.D.26.A.B.C.D.27.A.B.C.D.28.A.B.C.D.29.A.B.C.D.30.A.B.C.D.Aask“HForeigntouristsareoftenconfusedinJapanbecausemoststreetstheredon'thavenames;inpeopleuselandmarks(地标)intheirdirectionsinsteadofstreetnames.Forexample，theJapanesewillsaytotravelers，“GostraightdowntothecornerTurnleftatthebighotelandgopastafruitmarketThepostofficeisacrossfromthebusstop.”InthecountrysideoftheAmericanMidwest，therearenotusuallymanylandmarks.Therearenomountains，sothelandisveryflat；inmanyplacestherearenotownsorbuildingswithinmiles.Insteadoflandmarks，peoplewilltellyoudirectionsanddistances.InKansasorIowa,forexample，peoplewillsay，“Gonorthtwomiles.Turneast，andthengoanothermile.”PeopleinLosAngeles，California,havenoideaofdistanceonthemap；theymeasuredistancein“Ohtheyanswer“it'sfromhere.”Yousay“es，buthowmanymilesawayisit?”Theydon'tknow.It'struethatapersondoesn'tknowtheanswertoyourquestionsometimes.Whathappensinsuchasay“SorryI“Idon'tknow.”PeopleinYucatanbelievethtIdon'tknow”isimpolite.Theyusuallygiveananswer，oftenawrongone.Atouristcangetvery，verylostinYucatan!WhenatouristaskstheJapanesethewaytoacertainplace，they describetheplacecarefshowhimamapofthetellhimthenamesoftherefertorecognizablebuildingsandWhatistheplacewherepeoplemeasuredistanceinNew B.LosC. D.PeopleinYucatanmaygiveatouristawrong inordertosave B.asaC.soastobe D.forWhatcanweinferfromtheIt’simportantfortravelerstounderstandculturalIt’susefulfortravelerstoknowhowtoaskthewayPeoplehavesimilarunderstandingsofBOpenLettertoanIhadaninterestingconversationwithareporterrecently–onewhoworksforyou.Infact,he’soneofyourbestreporters.Hewantstoleave.Yourreportergavemeacopyofhisresume（简历）andphotocopiesofsixstoriesthathewroteforyou.Theheadlinesshowedyouplayedthemproudly.Withgreatenthusiasm,hetalkedabouthowhefindsissues（问题）,approachesthem,andwritesaboutthem,whichtellsmeheisoneofyourbest.I’msureyouwouldhatetolosehimSurprisinglyyourreporterisnotunhappy.Infacthetoldmehereallylikeshisjob.Hehasagreatassignment（分工）,andsaidyourunagreatpaper.Itwouldbeeasyforyoutokeephim,hesaid.HeknowsthatthepapervalueshimHeappreciatestheresponsibilityyou’vegivenhimtakesownershipofhisprofession,andenjoyshisfreedom.SowhyishelookingforawayHetalkedtomebecausehewantshiseditorstodemandsomuchmoreofhim.Hewantstobepushed,challenged,coachedtonewheights.Thereporterbelievesthatgoodstoriesspringfromgoodquestions,buthiseditorsusuallyaskhowlongthestorywillbe,whenitwillbein,whereitcanplay,andwhatthebudgetis.Helongsforconversationswithaneditorwhowillhelphimturnhisgoodideasintogreatones.Hewantssomeonetogetexcitedaboutwhathe’sdoingandtohelphimturnhisstoryideaupsidedownandinsideout,exploringthebestwaystoreportit.Hewantstobemorevaluableforyourpaper.That’swhatyouwantforhim,too,isn’tit?SoyourreporterhassetmeOurbesthopeinkeepingourbestreporters,copyeditors,photographers,artists-everyone-istoworkhardertomakesuretheygetthehelptheyaredemandingtoreachtheirpotential.Ifwecan’tdoit,they’llfindsomeonewhocan.WhatdoesthewriterthinkoftheA. B. D.WhatdoesthereporterwantmostfromhiseditorsintheirFindingthenewsvalueofhisGivinghimfinancialHelpinghimtofindImprovinghisgoodWhyprobablywrotetheA.An B.An C.A D.ATheletteraimstoremindeditorsthatthey keeptheirbestreportersatallgivemorefreedomtotheirbeawareoftheirreporters’professionalappreciatetheirreporters’workingstylesandCPacingandSaratriedtobefriendheroldfriendSteve’snewwife,butBettyneverseemedtohaveanythingtosay.WhileSarafeltBettydidn’tholdupherendoftheconversation,BettycomplainedtoStevethatSaranevergaveherachancetotalk.Theproblemhadtodowithexpectationsaboutpacingandpausing.Conversationisaturn-takinggame.Whenourhabitsaresimilar,there’snoproblem.Butifourhabitsaredifferent,youmaystarttotalkbeforeI’mfinishedorfailtotakeyourturnwhenI’mfinished.That’swhatwashappeningwithBettyandSara.Itmaynotbecoincidental（巧合）thatBetty,whoexpectedrelativelylongerpausesbetweenturns,isBritish,andSara,whoexpectedrelativelyshorterpauses,isAmerican.BettyoftenfeltinterruptedbySara.ButBettyherselfbecameaninterrupterandfoundherselfdoingmostofthetalkingwhenshemetavisitorfromFinland.AndSarahadahardtimecuttinginonsomespeakersfromLatinAmericaorIsrael.Thegeneralphenomenon,then,isthatthesmallconversationtechniques,likepacingandpausing,leadpeopletodrawconclusionsnotaboutconversationalstylebutaboutpersonalityandabilities.Thesehabitualdifferencesareoftenthebasisfordangerousstereotyping（思维定式）.Andthesesocialphenomenacanhaveverypersonalconsequences.Forexample,awomanfromthesouthwesternpartoftheUSwenttoliveinaneasterncitytotakeupajobinpersonnel.WhenthePersonnelDepartmentgottogetherformeetings,shekeptsearchingfortherighttimetobreakinandneverfoundit.AlthoughbackhomeshewasconsideredoutgoingandconfidentinWashingtonshewasviewedasshyandretiringWhenshewasevaluatedattheendoftheyear,shewastoldtotakeatrainingcoursebecauseofherinabilitytospeakup.That’swhyslightdifferencesinconversationalstyle-tinylittlethingslikemicrosecondsofpause–haveagreateffectonone’slife.Theresultinthiscasewasajudgmentofpsychologicalproblems–eveninthemindofthewomanherself,whoreallywonderedwhatwaswrongwithherandregisteredforassertivenesstraining.WhatdidSarathinkofBettywhentalkingwithBettywasBettywasanBettydidnottakeherBettypaidnoattentiontoAccordingtothepassage,whoarelikelytoexpecttheshortestpausesbetween B.C.The D.TheWecanlearnfromthepassage communicationbreakdownresultsfromshortpausesandfastwomenareunfavorablystereotypedineasterncitiesoftheone’sinabilitytospeakupisculturallydeterminedoneshouldreceivetrainingtobuildupone’sTheunderlinedword“assertiveness”inthelastparagraphprobably beingwillingtospeakone’sbeingabletoincreaseone’sbeingreadytomakeone’sownbeingquicktoexpressone’sideasDWhensomethinggoeswrong,itcanbeverysatisfyingtosay,“Well,it’sso-and-so’sfault.”or“IknowI’mlate,butit’snotmyfault;thecarbrokedown.”Itisprobablynotyourfault,butonceyouformthehabitofblamingsomebodyorsomethingelseforabadsituation,youarealoser.Youhavenopowerandcoulddonothingthathelpschangethesituation.However,youcanhavegreatpoweroverwhathappenstoyouifyoustopfocusingonwhomtoblameandstartfocusingonhowtoremedythesituation.Thisisthewinner’skeytosuccess.Winnersaregreatatovercomingproblems.Forexample,ifyouwerelatebecauseyourcarbrokedown,maybeyouneedtohaveyourcarexaminedmoreregularly.Or,youmightstarttocarryalongyoutheusefulphonenumbers,soyoucouldcallforhelpwheninneed.Foranotherexample,ifyourcolleaguecausesyouproblemsonthejobforlackofresponsibilityorability,findwaysofdealingwithhisirresponsibilityorinabilityratherthansimplyblametheperson.Asktoworkwithadifferentperson,ordon’trelyontheperson.Youshouldacceptthatthepersonisnotreliableandfindcreativewaystoworksuccessfullyregardlessofhowyourcolleaguefailstodohisjobwell.Thisiswhatbeingawinnerisallabout-creativelyusingyourskillsandtalentssothatyouaresuccessfulnomatterwhathappens.Winnersdon’thavefewerproblemsintheirlives;theyhavejustasmanydifficultsituationstofaceasanybodyelse.Theyarejustbetteratseeingthoseproblemsaschallengesandopportunitiestodeveloptheirowntalents.So,stopfocusingon“whosefaultitis.”Onceyouareconfidentaboutyourpoweroverbadsituations,problemsarejuststeppingstonesforsuccess.Accordingtothepassage, dealwithproblemsratherthanblamemeetwithfewerdifficultiesintheirhaveresponsibleandableblamethemselvesratherthatWhenyourcolleaguebringsaboutaproblem,you findabetterwaytohandletheblamehimforhislackoftellhimtofindthecauseoftheaskamoreablecolleagueforWhenproblemsoccur,winnerstakethem excusesfortheirbarrierstogreaterchallengestotheirchancesforself-Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthe EWhenitcomestofriends,Idesirethosewhowillsharemyhappiness,whopossesswingsoftheirandwhowillflywithmeIseekfriendswhosequalitiesilluminate（照亮）meandtrainmeupforloveItisforthesepeoplethatIreservetheglowinghours,toogoodnottoshare.WhenIwasintheeighthgrade,Ihadafriend.Wewereshyand“tooserious”aboutourstudieswhenitwasbecomingfashionablewithourclassmatestolearnacceptablesocialbehaviors.Wesaidlittleasschool,butshewouldcometomyhouseandwewouldsitdownwithpencilsandpaper,andoneofuswouldsay,“Let’sstartwithatrainwhistletoday.”Wewouldsitquietlytogetherandwriteseparatepoemsorstoriesthatgrewoutofatrainwhistle.Thenwewouldreadthemaloud.Attheendofthatschoolyear,we,too,werechangingintosocialcreaturesandthestoriesandpoemsstopped.WhenIlivedforatimeinLondon,Ihadafriend.Hewasindespair（失望）andIwasindespairourfriendshipwasbasedontheideaineachofusthatwewouldbesorrylaterifwedidnotexplorethisgreatcitybecausewehadfeltbadatthetime.WemeteverySundayforfiveweeksandfoundmanyexcellentthings.Wewalkeduntilourdespairsdisappearedandthenweparted.WegaveLondontoeachForalmostfouryearsIhavehadremarkablefriendwhoseimaginationilluminatesmine.Wewritelonglettersinwhichweoftendiscoverourstrangestselves.Eachofusappears,sometimesinafunnyway,intheother’sdreams.SheandIagreethat,atcertaintimes,weseemtobepartsofthesamemind.Inmymostinterestingmoments,Ioftenthink,“Yes,Imusttell…”Wehavenevermet.ItissuchcomfortingcompanionsIwishtokeep.Onebrighthourwiththeirkindisworthmoretomethanthelifetimeservicesofapsychologistwhowillonlyfillupthehealing（愈合的）silencenecessarytothosedarkestmomentsinwhichIwouldratherbemyownbestfriend.Intheeighthgrade,whattheauthordidbeforedevelopingpropersocialbehaviorwas becomeseriousabouthergotoherfriend’shouselearnfromherclassmatesatsharepoemsandstorieswithherInParagraph3,“WegaveLondontoeachother”probably ourexplorationofLondonwasamemorablegifttobothofwewereunwillingtotearourselvesawayfromourunpleasantfeelingaboutLondonwepartedwitheachotherinAccordingtoParagraph4,theauthorandher calleachotherhavesimilarenjoywritingtoeachdreamofmeetingeachInthedarkestmoments,theauthorwouldprefer seekprofessionalbeleftstaywithherbestbreakthe 10分InChina,parentsoftenteachtheirchildrentobem .（nottalkingtoomuchaboutone’sownabilitiesorachievements）Couldyoumakeashorts ofthisarticleforme?（ashortparagraphthatgivesonlythemainpointsofsomething,notthedetails）Shewasdeeplyu abouthergrandfather’sillness.（unhappyandworriedbecausesomethingunpleasanthashappened）Thelovelykidsinthispooraread abettereducation.（shouldhaveorbegivenShewasc onherbookwhensomeonesuddenlyknockedonthedoor.（togiveallyourattentiontosomething）Large oftheforesthavebeendestroyedbyacidrain.Shedoesn’twanttobed whileshe’sworking.（tointerruptsomebodysothattheycannotcontinuewhattheyaredoing）Doyouthinkit thatthehusbandisyoungerthanthewife?（tobeThemotherfeltg aboutleavingherchildatanearlyage.（feelingashamedbecauseyou’vedonesomethingwrong）Italianfoodhasbeen allovertheworld.（tosellgoodstoanother(某种程度上)，shewasresponsiblefortheHedidn'tshout；he (怒目而视me(与„„相反)what