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①Many①Manytheoriesconcerningthecausesofjuveniledelinquency(crimescommittedbypeople)focuseitherontheindividualoronsocietyasthemajorcontributing主句：Manytheoriesfocuseitherontheindividualoronsocietyasthemajorcontributingconcerningthecausesofjuveniledelinquencycrimescommittedbyyoungjuvenilea.becausewerebecausewerenotsufficientlypenalizedforprevious childrenengageincriminal引导词宾语从句theyhavelearnedcriminalbehaviorthroughTheoriescenteringontheindividual②Theoriescenteringontheindividualsuggestthatchildrenengageincriminalbehaviortheywerenotsufficientlypenalizedforpreviousmisdeedsorthattheyhavelearnedbehaviorthroughinteractionwith宾语从句宾语从句②②Theoriescenteringontheindividualsuggestthatchildrenengageincriminalbehaviortheywerenotsufficientlypenalizedforpreviousmisdeedsorthattheyhavelearnedbehaviorthroughinteractionwith主句Theoriescenteringontheindividualcenteron集中于宾语从句1childrenengageincriminalengageintakepartinjoininbeinvolved②②Theoriescenteringontheindividualsuggestthatchildrenengageincriminalbehaviortheywerenotsufficientlypenalizedforpreviousmisdeedsorthattheyhavelearnedbehaviorthroughinteractionwith✎宾语从句2orthattheyhavelearnedcriminalbehaviorthroughinteractionwith✎✎because werenotsufficientlypenalizedforprevious引导词主 谓 原因状 Theoriescenteringontheindividualsuggest ✎强调个人因素的理论认 宾语从句 theyhavelearnedcriminalbehaviorthrough连接词引导词主 谓 宾 ✎

childrenengageincriminal引导词主 谓 宾✎③③Theoriesfocusingontheroleofsocietysuggestthatchildrencommitcrimesinresponsetofailuretoriseabovetheirsocioeconomicstatus,orasarejectionofmiddle-class主句Theoriesfocusingontheroleofsocietythatchildrencommitcrimesinresponsetotheirfailuretoriseabovetheirsocioeconomicstatus,orasarejectionofmiddle-classvaluesinresponseto对……作出回应✎

参考译文：强调社会因素的理论则认为，青少年犯罪是因为他们未能①①Mosttheoriesofjuveniledelinquencyhavefocusedonchildrenfromfamilies,ignoringthefactthatchildrenfromwealthyhomesalsocommitMosttheoriesofjuveniledelinquencyhavefocusedonchildrenfromdisadvantagedfamilies现在分词结构伴随状语：ignoringthefact✎②The②Thelattermaycommitcrimesforlackofadequateparentalforlackof因缺乏③③Alltheories,however,aretentativeandaresubjecttobesubjectto常遭受①Changes①Changesinthesocialstructuremayindirectlyaffectjuvenilecrime②For②Forexample,changesintheeconomythatleadtofewerjobopportunitiesforyouthrisingunemploymentingeneralmakegainfulemploymentincreasinglydifficultto主句Forexamplechangesintheeconomyingeneralmakegainfulemploymentincreasinglydifficulttoobtain定语从句：thatleadtofewerjobopportunitiesforyouthandrisingunemployment✎导致年轻人就业机会减少和失业率上升的③The③Theresultingdiscontentmayinturnleadmoreyouthsintocriminaldiscontentninturn转而，反过来turnintoaction付诸行动turnouttobe结果是①Families①Familieshavealsoexperiencedchangestheseyears.②Morefamiliesconsistofone-householdsortwoworkingparents;consequently,childrenarelikelytohavelessathomethanwascommoninthetraditionalfamilyAconsistofBA由B组成AcompriseBA由B组成AmakeupBA构成B的一部分one-parenta.单亲的③This③Thislackofparentalsupervisionisthoughttobeaninfluenceonjuvenilecrime④Otheridentifiablecausesofoffensiveactsincludefrustrationorfailureinschool,theavailabilityofdrugsandalcohol,andthegrowingincidenceofchildabuseandchildoffensivea.攻击的frustrationn.挫折incidencen.发生率abusen.虐待neglectn⑤All⑤Alltheseconditionstendtoincreasetheprobabilityofachildcommittingaact,althoughadirectcausalrel