2012职称英语理工A真题及答案(不含判断对错)

第一部分：词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有括号，请为每处括号部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1.Heshiftedhispositionalittleinorderto(alleviate)thepaininhisleg.A.controlB.easeC.experienceD.suffer2.Ouraimwasto(update)thehealthservice,andwesucceeded.A.offerB.provideC.modernizeD.fund3.Shemovesfromone(exotic)locationtoanother.A.unusualB.familiarC.similarD.proper4.Nothingwould(induce)metovoteforhimagain.A.teachB.helpC.discourageD.attract5.Thephotographs(evoked)strongmemoriesofourholidayinFrance.A.refreshedB.storedC.blockedD.erased6.Theweatherwas(crisp)andclearandyoucouldseethemountainsfiftymilesaway.A.hotB.heavyC.freshD.windy7.Everyweekthemagazinepresentsthe(profile)ofawell-knownsportspersonality.A.successB.descriptionC.evidenceD.plan8.Hercommentsaboutmenare(utterly)ridiculouscompletely.A.slightlyB.completelyC.partlyD.faintly9.Thewallsaremadeof(hollow)concreteblocks.A.bigB.emptyC.longD.now10.Wealmost(raninto)aRolls-Roycethatpulledoutinfrontofuswithoutsignaling.A.overtookB.hitC.passedD.found11.WhenIheardthenoiseinthenextroom,Icouldn’tresisthavinga(peep).A.chanceB.visitC.lookD.try12.Hehasbeengranted(asylum)inFrance.A.powerB.reliefC.protectionD.license13.Hewas(weary)oftheconstantbattlebetweenthem.A.fondB.tiredC.proudD.afraid14.Newbornbabiescan(discriminate)betweenaman’sandawoman`svoice.A.treatB.distinguishC.expressD.analyzes15.Alltheflatsinthebuildinghadthesame(layout).A.colorB.sizeC.functionD.arrangement【博大考神答案】：alleviate—easeupdate—modernizeexotic—unusualinduce—attractevoked—refreshedcrisp—freshprofile—descriptionutterly—completelyhollow—emptyraninto—hitpeep—lookasylum—protectionweary—tireddiscriminate—distinguishlayout—arrangement三、概括大意与完成句子LearnaboutNobleGases(惰性气体)1Haveyoueverriddenonaballoon?Manytouristspotsofferballoonridesinorderforpeopletoseethebeautyofaplacefromabove.Aballooncontainsanoblegascalledhelium(氦).Formerly,balloonscontainedhydrogenbuthydrogenisveryflammableanddangerouswhenuncontrolled.Therefore,peopleshiftedtohelium,whichissafer.Heliumissafebecauseithasthepropertiesofthenoblegases.2Peopleoncebelievedthatnoblegasescouldn’tchemicallyreactatall.Forthisreason,theywerecalledinertgases(惰性气体).TheywerealsolistedunderGroup0intheoldperiodictablebecausescientistsbelievedthatthegaseshavezerovalence(价)electronsintheiroutershell.Thiswaslaterproventobeuntruewhensomenoblegascompoundswerediscovered.3Thegasesareelements,whichsharesimilarproperties.Thesepropertiesincludebeingmonoatomic,colorless,odorless,beingabletoconductelectricity,andhavinglowchemicalreactivity.NoblegasesincludeHelium,Neon,Argon,Krypton,XenonandRadon.TheseareallfoundinGroup18,intherightmostcolumnoftheperiodictable.Ifyoulookattheperiodictable,youwillnoticethattheseelementsaretheonlyones,whichdonothaveacharge.Heliumhasthelowestmolecular(分子的)weightwhileRadonistheheaviest.4Rememberthatchemicalreactionsoccurbecauseatomshavevalenceelectrons,whichareelectronsintheiroutershell.Whentheoutershellis“unfilled”ortherequirednumberofelectronsisnotyetcomplete,theatomismorereactive.Noblegaseshaveafulloutershell,meaningthattheyhavecompleteelectronsintheiroutershell.Thiscompletenumbervaries.Forinstance,theoutershellofHeliumhas2valenceelectronswhiletheoutershellofXenonhas8electrons.Nowadays,thereremainstobeafewnoblegasesbecauseofthelowchemicalreactivityofthesesaidgases.A.whatistheperiodictable?B.Whatarenoblegases?C.Whatcausesthelowchemicalreactivityofnoblegases?D.Howwerenoblegasesdiscovered?E.Howwerenoblegasesunderstoodinthepast?F.whataretheapplicationsofnoblegases?5becauseoftheirproperties,noblegaseshavemanyimportantapplications.Theyarewidelyusedinmedicineandindustries.Forinstance,liquidHeliumisusedforsuperconductingmagnets(磁体).Thesemagnetsareveryimportantinphysicsandmedicine.Whenadoctorsuspectsthataperson’sbrainhasbeendamaged,hemightrequestforMagneticResonanceImaging(MRI).MRIallowsthedoctorto“see”thebrain,withoutoperatingonthepatient.23.paragraph2__E___24.paragraph3__B____25.paragraph4___C____26.paragraph5___F_____27.Noblegasesarenotverychemically

A28.AmongtheelementsofnoblegasesHeliumisthe

B29.Therequirednumberofelectronsinnoblegases’outershellis

D30.MRImaymakeoperatingonthepatient

FA.reactiveB.lightestC.importantD.completeE.flammableF.unnecessary

参考答案：23、E

24、B

25、C26、F

27、A

28、B29、D

30、F

第三篇GrossNationalHappinessInthelastcentury，newtechnologyimprovedthelivesofmanypeopleinmanycountries.However，onecountryresistedthesechanges.HighintheHimalayanmountainsofAsia，thekingdomofBhutanremainedseparate.ItspeopleandBuddhist(佛教)culturehadnotbeenaffectedforalmostathousandyears.Bhutan，however，wasapoorcountry.Peoplediedatayoungage.Mostofitspeoplecouldnotread，andtheydidnotknowmuchabouttheoutsideworld.Then，in1972，anewrulernamedKingJigmeSingyeWangchuckdecidedtohelpBhutantobecomemodern，butwithoutlosingitstraditions.KingWangchucklookedatothercountriesforideas.HesawthatmostcountriesmeasuredtheirprogressbytheirGrossNatonalProduct(GNP)。TheGNPmeasuresproductsandmoney.Whenthenumberofproductssoldincreases，peoplesaythecountryismakingprogress.KingWangchuckhadadifferentideaforBhutan.Hewantedtomeasurehiscountry’sprogressbypeople’shappiness.Ifthepeople’shappinessincreased，thekingcouldsaythatBhutanwasmakingprogress.Todecideifpeoplewerehappier，hecreatedameasurecalledGrossNationalHappiness(GNH)。GNHisbasedoncertainprinciplesthatcreatehappiness.Peoplearehappieriftheyhavehealthcare，education，andjobs.Theyarehappierwhentheyliveinahealthy，protectedenvironment.Theyarehappierwhentheycankeeptheirtraditionalcultureandcustoms.Finally，peoplearehappierwhentheyhaveagood，stablegovernment.NowtheseissomeevidenceofincreasedGNHinBhutan.Peoplearehealthierandarelivinglonger.Morepeopleareeducatedandemployed.Teenty-fivepercentofthelandhasbecomenationalparks，andthecountryhasalmostnopollution.TheBhutanesecontinuetoweartheirtraditionalclothingandfollowtheirancientBuddhistcustoms.Bhutanhasalsobecomeademocracy.In2008，KingWangchuckgavehispowertohisson.Althoughthecountrystillhadaking，ithelditsfirstdemocraticelectionsthatyear.Bhutanhadpoliticalpartiesandpoliticalcandidatesforthefirsttime.Finally，Bhutanhasconnectedtotherestoftheworldthroughtelevisionandinternet.Bhutanisasymbolforsocialprogress.ManycountriesarenowinterestedinBhutan’sGNH.Thesecountriesareinvestigatingtheirownwaystomeasurehappiness.Theywanttocreatenewpoliciesthattakecareoftheirpeople，cultures，andland.BrazilmaybethenestcountrytousetheprinciplesofGNH.BrazilianleadersseetheprinciplesofGNHasasourceofinspiration.Brazilisalargecountrywithadiversepopulation.IfhappinessworksasameasureofprogressinBrazil，perhapstherestoftheworldwillfollow.41.WhowasJigmeSingyeWangchuck?A.Apresident.B.ABuddhistpriest.C.Ageneral.D.Aking.42.ApartfrommodernizingBhutan,whatelsedidWangchuckwanttodoforBhutan?A.Tomakeitspopulationgrow.B.Tokeepitseparatefromtheworld.C.Toencourageitspeopletogetrich.D.Tokeepitstraditionandcustoms.43.AcountryshowsitsprogresswithGNPbyA.sellingmoreproducts.B.spendingmoremoney.C.spendinglessmoney.D.providingmorejobs.44.AccordingtoGNH,peoplearehappieriftheyA.havenewtechnology.B.canchangetheirreligion.C.haveagood,stablegovernment.D.havemoremoney.45.Today,manycountriesareA.usingtheprinciplesofGNHtomeasuretheirprogress.B.workingtogethertodevelopacommonscaletomeasureGNH.C.takingbothBhutanandBrazilassymbolsforsocialprogress.D.tryingtofindtheirownwaystomeasurehappiness.第三篇SmallButWiseOnDecember14,NASA1blastedasmallbutmightytelescopeintospace.ThetelescopeiscalledWISEandisaboutaswidearoundasatrashcan.Don'tletitssmallsizefoolyou:WISEhasapowerfuldigitalcamera,anditwillbetakingpicturesofsomethewildestobjects2intheknownuniverse,includingasteroids,faintstars,blazinggalaxies3andgiantcloudsofdustwhereplanetsandstarsareborn.

“I'mveryexcitedbecausewe'regoingtobeseeingpartsoftheuniversethatwehaven'tseenbefore,”saidNedWright,ascientistwhodirectstheWISEproject.Sincearrivinginspace,theWISEtelescopehasbeencirclingtheEarth,heldbygravityinapolarorbit4(thismeansitcrossesclosetothenorthandsouthpoleswitheachlap5).Itscameraispointedoutward,awayfromtheEarth,andWISEwillsnapapictureofadifferentpartoftheskyevery11minutes.Aftersixmonthsitwillhavetakenpicturesacrosstheentiresky.ThepicturestakenbyWISEwon'tbelikeeverydaydigitalphotographs,however.WISEstandsfor“Wide-fieldInfraredSurveyExplorer.”Asitsnamesuggests,theWISEcameratakespicturesoffeaturesthatgiveoffinfraredradiation6.Radiationisenergythattravelsasawave.Visiblelight,includingthefamiliarspectrumoflight7thatbecomesvisibleinarainbow,isanexampleofradiation.Whenanordinarydigitalcameratakesapictureofatree,forexample,itreceivesthewavesofvisiblelightthatarereflectedoffthetree.Whenthesewavesenterthecamerathroughthelens,they'reprocessedbythecamera,whichthenputstheimagetogether.Wavesofinfraredradiationarelongerthanwavesofvisiblelight,soordinarydigitalcamerasdon'tseethem,andneitherdotheeyesofhumanbeings.Althoughinvisibletotheeye,longerinfraredradiationcanbedetectedaswarmthbytheskin.That'sakeyideatowhyWISEwillbeabletoseethingsothertelescopescan't.Noteverythingintheuniverseshowsupinvisiblelight.Asteroids,forexample,aregiantrocksthatfloatthroughspace—buttheyabsorbmostofthelightthatreachesthem.Theydon'treflectlight,sothey'redifficulttosee.Buttheydogiveoffinfraredradiation,soaninfraredtelescopelikeWISEwillbeabletoproduceimagesofthem.DuringitsmissionWISEwilltakepicturesofhundredsofthousandsofasteroids.Browndwarfs8areanotherkindofdeep-spaceobjectthatwillshowupinWISE'spictures.Theseobjectsare“failed”stars—whichmeanstheyarenotmassiveenoughtojumpstart9thesamekindofreactionsthatpowerstarssuchasthesun.Instead,browndwarfssimplyshrinkandcooldown.They'resodimthatthey'realmostimpossibletoseewithvisiblelight,butintheinfraredspectrumtheyglow.41.WhatissospecialaboutWISE?AItisassmallasatrashcan.BItissmallinsizebutcarriesalargecamera.CItsdigitalcameracanhelpastronomerstoseetheunknownspace.DNeverbeforehasatelescopecarriedadigitalcamerainspace.42.ThecameraonWISEAisequippedwithexpensivecomputers.Bproducesimagesofobjectsgivingoffinfraredradiation.Creflectslightvisibletothehumaneyes.Dissimilartoanordinarydigitalcamera.43.Itistruethatinfraredradiation.Aisnotdetectabletohumans.Blooksbrighterthanvisiblelight.Cisvisiblelightreflectedoffanobject.Dhaslongerwavesthanthoseofvisiblelight.44.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutasteroidsisNOTture?ATheWISEtelescopecancatchandtakepicturesofthem.BTheydonotreflectlightthatreachesthem.CTheyfloatthroughspacegivingoffvisiblelight.DTheyareinvisibletoordinarycameras.45.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatbrowndwarfs.Agiveoffinfraredradiation.Barepowerstarslikethesun.CbecomemassiveandactiveDareinvisibletotheWISEtelescope.第二篇

DownloadKnowledgeDirectlytoYourBrainForthefirsttime,researchershavebeenabletohackintotheprocessoflearninginthebrain,usinginducedbrainpatternstocreatealearnedbehavior.It’snotquiteasadvancedasaninstantkung-fudownload,andit’snotassleekascognitiveinception,butit’sstillanimportantfindingthatcouldleadtonewteachingandrehabilitationtechniques.

Futuretherapiescoulddecodethebrainactivitypatternsofanathleteoramusician,andusethemasabenchmarkforteachinganotherpersonanewactivity,accordingtotheresearchers.ScientistsfromBostonUniversityandATRComputationalNeuroscienceLaboratoriesinKyotousedfunctionalmagneticresonanceimaging,orfMRI,tostudythelearningprocess.Theywereexaminingtheadultbrain’saptitudeforvisualperceptuallearning,orVPL,inwhichrepetitivetrainingimprovesaperson’sperformanceonaparticulartask.Whetheradultscandothisaswellasyoungpeoplehasbeenanongoingdebateinneuroscience.LedbyBUneuroscientistTakeoWatanabe,researchersusedamethodcalleddecodedfMRIneurofeedbacktostimulatethevisualcortex.Firsttheyshowedparticipantscirclesatdifferentorientations.ThentheyusedfMRItowatchtheparticipants’brainactivity.Theresearcherswerethenabletotraintheparticipantstorecreatethisvisualcortexactivity.ThevolunteerswereagainplacedinMRImachinesandaskedtovisualizeshapesofcertaincolors.Theparticipantswereaskedto“somehowregulateactivityintheposteriorpartofthebrain”tomakeasolidgreendiscaslargeastheycould.Theyweretoldtheywouldgetapaidbonusproportionaltothesizeofthisdisc,buttheyweren’ttoldanythingaboutwhatthediscmeant.Theresearcherswatchedtheparticipants’brainactivityandmonitoredtheactivationpatternsintheirvisualcortices.“Participantscanbetrainedtocontroltheoverallmeanactivationofanentirebrainregion,”thestudyauthorswrite,“ortheactivationinoneregionrelativetothatinanotherregion.”Thisworkedevenwhentestsubjectswerenotawareofwhattheywerelearning,theresearcherssaid.“Themostsurprisingthinginthisstudyisthatmereinductionsofneuralactivationpatternscorrespondingtoaspecificvisualfeatureledtovisualperformanceimprovementonthevisualfeature,withoutpresentingthefeatureorsubjects'awarenessofwhatwastobelearned,”Watanabesaidinastatement.Watanabeandcolleaguessaidthismethodcanbeapowerfultool.“Itcan‘incept’apersontoacquirenewlearning,skills,ormemory,orpossiblytorestoreskillsorknowledgethathasbeendamagedthroughaccident,disease,oraging,withoutaperson’sawarenessofwhatislearnedormemorized,”theywrite.36.whathaveresearchersbeenabletodowiththehelpofthestudy?A.Discoveraperson’slearningprocessinthebrain.B.Makeapersonknowhowtodosomethingwithoutlearning.C.Setupdifferentlearningpatternsfordifferentpeople.D.Enablepeopletolearnkungfuinstantly.37.whathelpsapersontodoaparticulartaskbetterinvisualperceptuallearning?A.TestingB.EncouragementC.Self-assessmentD.Repetition38.whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueoftheexperimentparticipants?A.TheylearnedhowtocontrolMRLmachinesintheexperimentB.TheywerenottoldwhattobelearnedintheexperimentC.TheywerepaidtotakepartintheexperimentD.Theywerenotcooperativeintheexperiment39.thefindingofthestudyismostsignificantinthatlearningA.isfulloffunB.isvisualizedC.happensunconsciouslyD.becomesunnecessary40.whoaremostlikelytobenefitfromthestudy?A.TeenagersB.MusiciansC.SeniorpeopleD.Athletes

参考答案：36、A

37、D

38、B

39、B、40、C

第5部分：补全短文(第46~50题，每题2分，共10分)下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。标题：themysteriesofNazcaA.Otherscientistsarenowsearchingforevidencetoprovethis.B.ASwisswriternamedErichVonDanikenwrotethattheNazcalinesweredesignedasalandingplaceforUFOs.C.Scholarsdifferininterpretingthepurposeofthedesigns.D.Thelargestpicturesmayhavebeenthesitesforspecialceremonies.E.Seenfromtheground,itlookslikelinesscratchedintotheearth.F.HecalledNazca“thelargestastronomybookintheworld”.参考答案：46.【博大考神答案】：E.seenfromtheground,itlookslikelinesscratchedintotheearth.博大考神解析：It指代空格上文中的：oneofthemostunusualartworks47.【博大考神答案】：B.ASwiss(瑞士)writernamedErichwrotethatNazcalinesweredesignedasalandingplaceforUFOs.博大考神解析：theNazcalines回应空格上文中的linesUFOs呼应空格下文中的spaceship48.【博大考神答案】：F.HecalledNazca“thelargestastronomybookintheworld”.博大考神解析：He回指空格上文中的anAmericanexplorerPaulAstronomy回应空格上文中的stars,planets49.【博大考神答案】：D.Thelargestpicturesmayhavebeenthesitesforspecialceremonies.博大考神解析：largest与空格下文中的big呼应Ceremonies与空格上文中的religiousreasons呼应50.【博大考神答案】：A.Otherscientistsarenowsearchingforevidencetoprovethis.博大考神解析：otherscientists与空格上文中的twoscientists呼应第6部分：完形填空(第52~65题，每题1分，共15分)下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。TheOldGateIntheMiddleAgesthevastmajorityofEuropeancitieshadwallsaroundthem.Thiswaspartlyfor51defensive(变化)reasonsbutanotherfactorwastheneedtokeepoutanyoneregardedasundesirable,likepeoplewithcontagious52diseases.TheOldCityofLondongateswereall53demolishedbytheendofthe18thcentury.ThelastofLondonsgateswasremovedacenturyago,54but(变化)byastokeofluck,itwasneverdestroyed.Thisgateis，in55actualfact,notcalledagateatall;its