语言学概论练习题

语言学概论练习题语言学复习1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutlanguageisNOTtrue? A.Languageisasystem. B.Languageissymbolic. C.Animalsalsohavelanguage. D.Languageisarbitrary.2.WhichofthefollowingfeaturesisNOToneofthedesignfeaturesoflanguage?A.Symbolic.B.Dual.C.Productive.D.Arbitrary.3.Whatarethedualstructuresoflanguage? A.Soundsandletters. B.Soundsandmeaning. C.Lettersandmeaning. D.Soundsandsymbols.4.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeusedtodescribe'displacement',oneoftheuniquepropertiesoflanguage?A.Wecaneasilyteachourchildrentolearnacertainlanguage.B.Wecanuseboth'shu'and'tree'todescribethesamething.C.Wecanuselanguagetorefertosomethingnotpresent.D.Wecanproducesentencesthathaveneverbeenheardbefore.5.Whatisthemostimportantfunctionoflanguage? A.Interpersonal B.Phatic C.Informative. D.Metalingual6.Whichofthefollowingisoneofthecorebranchesoflinguistics? A.Phonology B.Psycholinguistics C.Socio-linguistics. D.Anthropology.7.WhichofthefollowingbranchesoflinguisticstakestheinnerStructureofwordasitsmainobjectofstudy? A.Phonetics. B.Semantics. C.Morphology. D.Syntax.8.Whichofthefollowingmodesofstudyemphasizesonthe"standards"oflanguage? A.Prescriptive.B.Descriptive. C.Synchronic. D.Diachronic.9.WhoputforwardthedistinctionbetweenLangueandParole? A.Saussure B.Chomsky C.Halliday D.Anonymous10.Thedistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformanceisproposedby__. A.Saussure B.Halliday C.Chomsky D.thePragueSchool11.AccordingtoChomsky,istheidealuser'sinternalizedknowledgeofhislanguage. A.competenceB.parole C.performance D.langue12. isadesignfeatureofhumanlanguagethatenablesspeakerstotalkaboutawiderangeofthings,freefrombarrierscausedbyseparationintimeandspace. A.Displacement B.Arbitrariness C.Duality D.Productivity13.Thefunctionofthesentence"Aniceday,isn'tit?"is A.informative B.phatic C.directive D.performative14.Generallinguisticsisthescientificstudyof A.languageofacertainindividualB.theGermanlanguageC.humanlanguagesingeneralD.thesystemofaparticularlanguage1-5CABCC6-10ACAAC11-14AABC1.Articulatoryphoneticsmainlystudies.A.thephysicalpropertiesofthesoundsproducedinspeechB.theperceptionofsoundsC.thecombinationofsoundsD.theproductionofsounds2.Wherearethevocalcords? A.Inthemouth. B.Inthenasalcavity. C.Abovethetongue. D.Insidethelarynx.3.Thedistinctionbetweenvowelsandconsonantsliesin A.theplaceofarticulation B.theobstructionofair-stream C.thepositionofthetongue D.theshapeofthelips4.WhichofthefollowingphoneticdescriptionsmatchestheEnglishconsonant[p]? A.Avoicelessbilabialstop. B.Avoicedbilabialstop. C.Avoicelessdentalstop. D.Avoiceddentalfricative.5.Whatisthecommonfactorofthethreesounds:[p],[k],[t]?A.VoicelessB.SpreadC.VoicedD.Nasal6.Whatphoneticfeaturedistinguishthe[p]inpleaseandthe[p]inspeak? A.Voicing B.AspirationC.Roundness D.Nasality7.Whichofthefollowingsoundsisavowelglide?A.[t]B.[o]c.[ei]D.[dau]8.WhichofthefollowingisnotadistinctivefeatureinEnglish? A.voicing B.nasal C.approximation D.aspiration9.Whichofthefollowingisnotoneofthecriteriaofvoweldescription?A.Thepartofthetonguethatisraised.B.Theextenttowhichthetonguerises.C.Theshapeofthelips.D.Theextenttowhichtheteethdrawtogether.10.Whichofthefollowingsoundsisabackvowel? A.[i] B.[w] C.[e]D.[u]11.Thediphthonginthewordbiteiscomposedof:__.A.[a]and[i]B.[e]and[i]C.[a]and[e]D.[o]and[i]12.Englishconsonantscanbeclassifiedintostops,fricatives,nasals,etc.intermsofA.mannerofarticulation B.opennessofmouth C.placeofarticulation D.voicing13.Thephonologicalfeaturesoftheconsonant[k]are__. A.voicedstop B.voicelessstopC.voicedfricative D.voicelessfricative14.[e]isdifferentfrom[a]in A.theshapeofthelips B.theheightofthetongue C.thepartofthetonguethatisraised D.thepositionofthesoftpalate15.[p]isdifferentfrom[k]in A.themannerofarticulation B.theshapeofthelips C.thevibrationofthevocalcords D.theplaceofarticulation16.VibrationofthevocalcordsresultsinA.aspirationB.nasalityC.obstructionD.voicing1-5DDBAA6-10BCDDD11-16AABBDD1.isthebranchoflinguisticswhichstudiesthecharacteristicsofspeechsoundsandprovidesmethodsfortheirdescription,classificationandtranscription. A.Phonetics B.Phonology C.Semantics D.Pragmatics2.studiesthesoundsystemsinacertainlanguage. A.Phonetics B.Phonology C.Semantics D.Pragmatic3.Whichofthefollowinggroupsofwordsisaminimalpair? A.but-pub B.wet-which C.cool-curl D.fail-findMinimalpair(最小语对)referstotwodifferentformsthatareidenticalineverywayexceptforonesoundsegmentwhichoccursinthesameplaceinthestring.Bad-batAllophones(音位变体)referstodifferentphonesthatrepresentaphonemeindifferentphoneticenvironmentsthe[p]inpleaseandthe[p]inspeak4.Minimalpairsareusedto.A.findthedistinctivefeaturesofalanguage.B.findthephonemesofalanguage.C.comparetwowords.D.findtheallophonesofalanguage.5.Iftwosimilarsoundsegmentsneveroccurinthesamephoneticenvironment,thentheyare__.A.twoseparatephonemes.B.twoallophonesofaphoneme.1-5ABCBB6-10CDDCB11-14BABA1.isthesmallestunitoflanguageintermsofrelationshipbetweenexpressionandcontent. A.Word B.Morpheme C.Allomorph D.Root2.studiestheinternalstructureofwords,andtherulesbywhichwordsareformed. A.MorphologyB.Syntax C.Phonology D.Semantics3.Lexeme（义位义素）is__.A.aphysicallydefinableunitB.thecommonfactorunderlyingasetofformsC.agrammaticalunitD.anindefinableunit4.Anlanguageisalanguageinwhichconceptsthatweexpressusingprepositions,possessiveadjectives;andsoonareexpressedasmorphsconcatenatedinthesamewordsastherelevantbase. A.Inflecting B.Agglutinating C.IsolatingD.Analytical5.Inthewordconceive,themorpheme-ceiveisa A.freeroot B.boundroot C.suffixD.prefix6.Thepluralaffixinthewordtablesisa(n). A.inflectionalsuffix B.derivationalsuffix C.freemorpheme D.root7.WhichofthefollowingsoundsdoesnotbelongtotheallomorphsoftheEnglishpluralmorpheme__. A.[s] B.[iz] C.[ai] D.[is]8.WhichofthefollowingprocessesoflexicalchangedoestheChineseword"科技"experienced? A.Blending B.Abbreviation C.Borrowing D.Back-formation9.Whichofthefollowingwordsiscreatedthroughtheprocessofacronym首字母缩略词(由一词组中各重要词的第一字母缩合而成,如:NATO,laser,radar). A.ad B.edit C.AIDS D.Bobo10.AllwordscontainaA.rootmorphemeB.boundmorphemeC.prefixD.suffix11.Whichofthefollowingwordsisaderivationalone .A.blackboardB.teaches C.considerationD.books12. belongstoaclosedwordclass.A.In B.Beautiful C.NounD.Create13.Therelationshipbetween"fruit"and"apple"is .A.homonymy B.hyponymyC.polysemy D.synonymy14.Theword"lab"isformedthroughA.backformation B.blendingC.clippingD.derivation1-5BABBB6-10ACBCA11-14CABC1.WhenwesaythatwecanchangethesecondwordinthesentenceHeiswaitingoutsidewithanotherwordorphrase,wearetalkingabout__insidethesentence. A.syntacticrelations B.paradigmaticrelationsC.Linearrelations D.Government2.Thepartofthegrammarthatrepresentsaspeaker'sknowledgeofthestructureofphrasesandsentencesiscalled. A.lexicon B.morphology C.syntax D.semantics3.Whatdoes'IC'standsforasasyntacticnotionandanalyticaltechnique? A.InferentialConnective B.InflectionalComponent C.ImmediateConstituent D;ImplicativeCommunication4.IfwearetousethetechniqueofICanalysistoanalyzethesentenceshebrokethewindowwithastoneyesterday,whereisthefirstcut? A.betweenstoneandyesterday B.betweensheandbroke C.betweenbrokeandthewindow D.betweenwindowandwith5.__isthedefiningpropertiesofunitslikenoun(number,gender,etc.)andverb(tense,aspect,etc.). A.Partsofspeech B.Wordclasses C.Grammaticalcategories D.Functionsofwords6.WhichofthefollowingitemsisnotoneofthegrammaticalcategoriesofEnglishpronouns? A.gender B.number C.case D.voice7.__isarelationshipinwhichawordofacertainclassdeterminestheformofothersintermsofcertaincategories. A.Concord B.Immediateconstituent C.Syntagmaticrelations D.Government8.__proposedtodefinesentenceasthemaximumfreeform. A.Bloomfield B.Chomsky C.Halliday D.Saussure9.Thephraseboysandgirlsisa(n)__.A.subordinateendocentricconstructionB.coordinateendocentricconstructionC.subordinateexocentricconstructionD.coordinateexocentricconstruction10.Chomskyholdsthatthemajortaskoflinguisticsisto__.A.studyreal'facts'indailysettingsB.tellpeoplehowtospeakappropriatelyC.lookfor'theuniversalgrammar'D.tellpeoplewhatisrightinlanguageuse11.WhatisthefullformofLAD? A.Languageassociativedistrict B.Linguisticacquisitiondistrict C.Languageassociativedevice D.Languageacquisitiondevice12.Aspeaker'sactualutteranceinChomsky'sterminologyiscalled__. A.deepstructure B.linguisticuniversals C.universalgrammar D.surfacestructure13.Chomskystudieslanguagefromapsychologicalpointofview,holdinglanguageisaformof__;whileHallidayfocusesonthesocialaspectoflanguageregardinglanguageasaformof__.A.knowing,doingB.knowing,thinkingC.thinking,doingD.doing,knowing1-5BCCBC6-10DDADC11-13DDA1.Thepairofwords"lend"and"borrow"are A.gradab1eopposites B.converseopposites C.co-hyponyms D.synonyms2.Awordwithseveralmeaningsiscalled__word. A.apolysemous B.asynonymous C.anabnormal D.amultiple3.Thesemanticcomponentsoftheword"gentleman"canbeexpressedas_ A.+animate,+male,+human,-adult B.+animate,+male,+human,+adult C.+animate,-male,+human,-adult D.+animate,-male,+human,+adult4.__isnotincludedinLeech'sassociativemeaning: A.Connotativemeaning B.Socialmeaning C.Collocationalmeaning D.Thematicmeaning5.AmongLeech'sseventypesofmeaningisconcernedwiththerelationshipbetweenawordandthethingitrefersto. A.conceptual B.affective C.reflected D.thematic6.Accordingtothereferentialtheory,awordisnotdirectlyrelatedtothethingitrefersto.Theyareconnectedby A.meaning B.reference C.concept D.sense7.__isaphrasewhichcanonlybeunderstoodasaunit,notasasummationofthemeaningofeachconstituentword, A.Collocation B.Idiom C.Semanticcomponent D.Synonym8."Big"and"Small"areapairof__opposites.A.complementaryB.gradableC.completeD.converse1-5BABDA6-8CBB1.AccordingtoC.MorrisandR.Carnap,__isstudiestherelationshipbetweensymbolsandtheirinterpreters. A.Syntax B.Semantics C.Pragmatics D.Sociolinguistics2.Thereare__deixisinthesentenceshehassoldithereyesterday.A.3B.4C3.“Wecandothingswithwords”—thisisthemainideaof A.theSpeechActtheory B.theCo-operativePrinciples C.thePolitePrinciples D.pragmatics4.__referstotheutteranceofasentencewithdeterminatesenseandreference. A.Locutionaryact B.Illocutionaryact C.Perlocutionaryact D.Speechact5.__maybeusedasanexampleofindirect--speechact.A."Couldyouopenthewindow?"B."IherebydeclareMrWilliamselected."C."Goodmorning!"D."Icommandyoutoreportat6inthemorningtomorrow."6.Inthefollowingconversation:A:BeirutisinPeru,isn'tit?B:AndRomeisinRomania,Isuppose.BviolatestheA.QuantityMaximB.QualityMaximC.RelationMaximD.MannerMaxim7.Themaximof requiresthataparticipant'scontributionberelevanttoConversationA.quantity B.quality C.mannerD.relation8.Forthefollowingconversation:A:Didyouseemybookintheclassroomthismorning?B:Iwasinthelibrary.theconversationimplicatureis.A.BsawA’sbookB.BwasnotintheclassroomthatmorningC.BdidnotseeA’sbookD.BstoleA'sbook1-5CBAAA6-8CDC31.BritainisseparatedfromtherestofEuropebytheEnglishChannelinthe_______andtheNorthSeaintheeast. A.east B.south C.west D.north32.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueabouttheNationalHealthService?A.Itprovidesforeveryresidentafullrangeofmedicalservices.B.Itisadministeredbythecentralgovernment.C.Itsemergencyambulancesareavailablefordoctors'urgentcalls.D.It-hassufferedfromunderfundinginrecentdecades.33.ThefirstimmigrantsinAmericanhistorycamefrom A.EnglandandGermany B.EnglandandIreland C.EnglandandtheNetherlands D.EnglandandSpain34.AustraliahasalwaysbeenacontinentwithfewpeoplemainlybecauseA.AustraliaistoofarawayfromEurope.'B.Australiaisthe,leastmountainousandmostleveloftheworld'scontinents.C.Australiaisseparatedfromtherestoftheworldbyseas.D.mostofthecontinentishotanddry.35.FrankNorrisisanAmericanwriternotedforhis_______aboutAmericanlife. A.naturalisticnovels B.futuristicclassic C.existentialnovel D.psychoanalyticalnovel36.H.G.Wellsisoneofthemostfamouswritersof________novels. A.romantic B.realistic C.classical D.science37.TheGrapesofWrathwaswrittenby " A.JohnErnstSteinbeck. B.Thackeray. C.SirWalterScott. D.JaneAusten.38.A_______actistheactofsayingsomething. A.illocutionary B.locutionary C.perlocutionary D.locational39.Theprefix"pseudo-"asin"pseudoscience"and"pseudoelassic"hasa_____shadeofmeaning. A.poetic B.euphemisticC.pejorativeD.ameliorative40．Ofthefollowingword-formationprocesses,_________istheleastproductive. A.conversion B.derivationC.initialismD.reduplicationBCCDADABCD34.TheEmancipationProclamationwasissued.by_______duringtheCivilWar. A.GeorgeWashington B.AbrahamLincoln C.ThomasJefferson D.FranklinRoosevelt35.ShakespeareistheauthorofthefollowingEXCEPT A.MuchAdo'aboutNothing B.AsYouLikeIt C.HamletD.RobinsonCrusoe36.EugeneO'NeillisanAmerican A.novelist B.poetC.playwrightD.critic37.ParadiseLostwaswrittenbyA.SirJohnBuchanB.JohnMiltonC.SamuelJohnsonD.DanielDefoe38.Thetermtransformational-generativegrammarwasintroducedintolinguisticsinthemid-1950sby A.LeonardBloomfield. B.EdwardSapir. C.NoamChomsky. D.MichaelHalliday.39.Intermsofoppositenessofmeaning,_________isapairofconversives. A."1ong"and"short" B"present"and"absent"C."sell"and"buy" D."dead"and"alive"40.Theword"marshal'''''usedtomean"ahorsetender";nowitmeans"anofficerofthehighestrank".Thewordhasundergoneasortofsemanticchangecalled A.elevation B.degeneration C.extensionD.restrictionBDCBCCA31.Thetwonewest"stateswhichjoinedtheUnitedStatesare A.Alaskaand-Florida. B.HawaiiandOregon. C.AlaskaandHawaii. D.CaliforniaandNewMexico.32.TheBritishconstitutionismadeupofthefollowinglawsEXCEPT A.statutelaw. B.commonlaw. C.commonwealthlaw. D.EuropeanCommunitylaw.33.WhichbranchoftheAmericangovernmenthasthepowertointerprettheconstitution?A.TheSupremeCourt. B.ThePresident.C.TheHouse. D.TheSenate.34.___isthesecondlargestcityofCanadaafterToronto.A.Ottawa B.Montreal C.VancouverD.Hamilton35.TheauthorofPrideandPrejudice(1813)is______A.Austen B.StevensonC.EliotD.Burns36.ThetrioofEnglishpoetrygiantsreferto_______,ShakespeareandMilton.A.Wordsworth B.DickensC.ChaucerD.Wilde37.ScottFitzgerald'sfinestbookwas_______.A.TheGreatGatsbyB.TheInvisibleManC.WaldenD.ScarletLetter38.The______viewoflanguageacquisitionholdsthatchildrenarebornwithaninnateabilitytoacquirelanguagesofaspecifictype.A.behaviourist B.nativist C.structuralistD.psycholinguist39.Thebasicpartofthelexicalmeaningofawordisoftentermedits________meaning.A.social B.stylisticC.connotativeD.denotative40.___firstproposedtheSpeechActTheory.A.Searle B.AustinC.GriceD.H