初中状语从句讲解及习题附问题详解

〔一〕状语从句概述^义状语从句用作状语,是起副词作用的句子.位置状语从句可以放在主句之前,也可以放在主句之后,时间、条件、原因和让-步状语从句放在句首时需要用逗号和主句隔开.■分!根据其作用可以分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、让步、方式和比―拟等状语从句.作用它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语和整个句子.〔二〕状语从句详解1.时间状语从句引导词用法示例When意为"当…的时候〃.When引导从句的谓语动词可以是延续性动词,也可以是瞬间动词.并且when有时表示"就在那时〃Aliarisnotbelievedwhenhespeaksthetruth.说谎者讲真话时也没有人相信.Whenhearrives,I’llcallyou.Whenyoulaughandsmile,yourbodyrelaxes.while意为"在…的时候,在…的同时〃.While引导从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的,发生时间较长,并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生〔或者相对应〕.While有时还可以表示比照.WhileIwasstandingatthewindow,Isawseveralboysrunningalongthestreet.WhileJohnwaswatchingTV,hiswifewascooking.as意为"一边…一边…〃.As引导的动作是延续性的,发生时间较短,一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生；as也可以强调一前一后.ThewriterwasangryashewastravellingonatraintoLondonbecausesomeonehadinvadedhis"space”.Hesmiledashestoodup.after意为"在…之后〃.表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后.主句与从句的动作时间关系与before引导的从句相反.Withmanyhungryvisitorswaiting,don'tstaytoolongatyourtableafteryouhavefinished.Ifanearlyexitisnecessary,youcanleaveafterasceneisover.before意为"在…之前〃.引导的从句不用否认形式的谓语,并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后,有时译成"就,才〃.当主句用将来时,从句总是用现在时；如果before引导的从句谓语用的是过去时,如此主句动词多用过去完成时,这样以便表Youcan'twatchTVbeforeyoufinishyourhomework.Beforeitended,thetheatrewasalmostempty.MyfatherhadleftforCanadajustbeforetheletterarrived.现动作的先后.till意为"直到〃.一般情况下可以和until互换.如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时,必须用否认形式；如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时理肯定和否认形式都可以,但表达的意思不同.Shedidn'tevenknowthatitwasanearthquaketillshesawashaking<movingfromsidetoside>light.Thefiremanworkedveryhardtillthefirewasout.until意为"直到〃.在强调句型中多用UntiL如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时,必须用否认形式；如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时押肯定和否认形式都可以,但表达的意思不同.I'mwaitingformysister.Iwon'tgotoseemyuncleuntilshees.WaituntilIfinishwhatIamdoing.since意为”自从,从…以来〃.引导从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,也可以是瞬时动词.一般情况下,从句谓语动词用一般过去时,而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时.但在Itis+时间+since从句的句型中,主句多用一般现在时.IhavebeenstudyinghardsinceIenteredthehighschool.ItisfouryearssincemysisterlivedinBeijing.ItisfiveyearsmonthssinceourbosswasnotinBeijing.assoonas意为"一…就…〃.引导时间状语从句时,如果主句用了将来时,从句一般使用现在时.Tomwillcallmeassoonashegetshome.IwillcallyouassoonasIarrive.2.地点状语从句引导词用法示例where意为"哪里〃."where引导的地点状语从句，［there+〕主句”"哪里…哪里就…〃.主句在从句后面时,there可用可不用；主句在从句的前面时,一般都不用there.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Theyweregoodpersons.Wheretheywent,theretheywerewarmlyweled.Youshouldhaveputthebookwhereyoufoundit.wherever意〃为^^"^^无^^论^^何地”.anywhere/wherever引导地点状语从句+主句.anywhere本身是个副词,但是常可以引导从句,相当于连词,意思相当于wherever,anywhere弓|导的从句可位于主句之前,也可以位于主句之后.而wherever本身就是个连词,表示"在何处,无论何处〃.Wherevertheseais,youwillfindseaman.I'llgoanywhereyougo.3.条件状语从句引导词用法示例if连词,意为"假设,如果〃.当主句是将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时.Don'ttalkloudlyatthemeeting.Ifyoudo,youwillhavetoleave.We'llgoforaPiicifitdoesn'trainthisweekend.unless连词,意为"除非〔=ifnot〕.当主句是将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时.Don'tdiscusstheproblemswithyourpartnerunlessyouareaskedtodoso.Iwon'tgothereunlessyouewithme.4.原因状语从句引导词用法示例as意为"因为〃.引导原因状语从句时表示附带.说明"双方的原因〃，语气比since弱,较为正式,位置较为灵活〔常放于主句之前〕.Astheweatheriscold,Istayathome.Asitisraining,you'dbettertakeataxi.ASyouaretired,you'dbetterrest.since意为"因为〃.引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之前表示的、显然的理由〔通常被翻译成"既然〃〕，较为正式,语气比because弱.Sincetheearthlookslikeaball,thesuncanshineononlyhalfofitatatime.SincetheraceisinApril,Ihadtorunthroughoutthewinter,andinBoston,wintersarecold.Sinceeverybodyishere.Let'sbeginourmeeting.because意为"因为〃.引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之后,表述直接原因,语气较强,最适合why引导的疑问句.Because引导的原因状语从句有时可以与becauseof短语互换.Thewomanpreferswinterbecauseshecanskate.I'dliketocollectstampsbecausetheyareinteresting.I'mverytiredthesedaysbecauseofstudyingphysics.Hecan'tebecauseheisill.=Hecan'tebecauseofhisillness.for意为"因为〃.引导的原因状语从句并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因,只提供一些辅助性的补充说明,for引导的原因状语从句只能放于主句之后，并且必须用逗号将其与主句隔开.Hemustbeill,forheisabsenttoday.Hecouldnothaveseenme,forIwasnotthere.5.目的状语从句引导词用法示例Sothat意为"以至,以便〃.目的状语的谓语常含有may,might,can,could,should,would等情态动词.Trytospeakloudenoughsothatpeoplecanhearyouclearly.Mr.Greenspeaksveryloudlysothatallthepeoplecanhearhimclearly.inorderthat意为”为了〃，相当于sothat.inorderto后面可以跟动词原形构成目的状语,不是目的状语从句.Weshallletyouknowthedetailssooninorderthatyoucan/maymakeaarrangements.6.结果状语从句引导词用法示例So…that意为"如此∙∙∙以至于...〃.so+adj./adv.原级+that,so是副词,只能修饰形容词和副词.so还可与表示数量的形容词many,few,much,little<这四个形容词表示多或少时›连用,形成固定搭配.so+many或few+复数可数名词+that;so+much或little+不可数名词+that.ThisyearithasrainedsoheavilyinSouthChinathatlotsofproblemsarecaused.Theiceonthelakewassothinthatpeoplecouldn'tskateonit.Toooften,wespendsomuchtimethinkingaboutthefuturethatwefailtoenjoythepresent.TherearesofewnotebooksthatIcan'tgiveyouany.such..that意为"如此…以至于…〃.有三种结构：5口由+2<2口>+24上+单数不可数名词+that;such<+adj.>+不可数名词+that;such<+adj.>+复数可数名词+that,such是形容词,修饰名词或名词词组.有时可与so...that句型转换.It'ssuchawonderfulsongthatwealllikeit.Simonissuchdishonestpersonthatnoonebelieveshim.Theboyissoyoungthathecan'tgotoschool.=Heissuchayoungboythathecan'tgotoschool.7.让步状语从句引导词用法示例though意为"虽然〃.不能和but连用.但是可以同yet<still>连用，构成though...yet<still>.though较普遍,常用于非正式的口语和书面语中.even能和though组合表示强调,在这里eventhough=evenif<nomatterif;though即口使...也…>.though可以独立用作副词,常放在句末,意为allthesame<还是；仍然>或however‹可是；然而›.Soithasliveduptonowthoughitisn'tstrongatall.Thoughtheyaretwinbrothers,theydon'tlooklikeeachother.Evenif/Eventhoughwecouldaffordit,wewouldaffordit,wewouldn'tgoabroadforourvacation.although意为"虽然〃.不能和but连用.但是可以同yet<still>连用，构成although…yet<still>.although较为正式,语气比though重,常用以强调让步概念.even不能和although组合.Althoughhediedseveralyearsago,IcanstillrememberthedaysWespenttogetherandWhathehastaughtmeaboutlove.Althoughwehadlittlefoodwithus,wedecidedtospendthenightinthecar.8.比拟状语从句引导词用法示例as...as…意为"和…一样〃.表示同级的比拟.使用时要注意第一个as为副词,第二个as为连词.其根本结构为：as+adj./adv.原级+as.假设有修饰成分,如twice,threetimes,half,aquarter等,如此须置于第一个as之前.Sheisverygoodatpainting.Shecanpaintaswellashereteacher.Iranoutasquicklyaspossible.notas/so...as意为"和•.・不一样,不如〃.也表示同级比拟.Sheisnotso<as>outgoingashersister.Thisdictionaryisnotas/sousefulasyouthink.9.方式状语从句引导词用法示例as/<just>as...so■■■意为"犹如,就像〃.引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在<just>as...so...结构中位于句首,这时as从句带有比喻的含义,意为"正如…,就像〃，多用于正式文体.WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.Aswateristofish,soairistoman.asif/asthough意为"就像,好似〃.两者的意义和用法一样,引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反,有时也用述语气,表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大.常译作"仿佛…似的,好似…似的〃.Ifwouldneverforgetheresmile,orthewayhereyesshoneasifwewerethesameage.Itlooksasiftheweathermaypickupverysoon.练习一一.单项填空 he’sold,hecanstillcarrythisheavybag.A.ThoughB.SinceC.ForD.So---Doyouknowifhe toplaybasketballwithus?---Ithinkhewilleifhe freetomorrow.A.es;isB.es;willbeC.wille;isD.wille;willbeInthezooifachild intothewaterandcan’tswim,thedolphinsmayeup him.A.willfall;tohelpB.falls;tohelpC.willfall;helpD.falls;helpingIdon’tremember heworkedinthatcitywhenhewasyoung.A.whatB.whichC.whereD.whoWewillstayathomeifmyaunt tovisitustomorrow.A.esB.eC.willeD.isingThepoliceaskedthechildren crossthestreet thetrafficlightsturnedgreen.A.not;beforeB.don’t;whenC.notto;untilD.not;afterIwaslateforclassyesterday therewassomethingwrongwithmybike.A.whenB.thatC.untilD.becauseI’llgoswimmingwithyouifI freetomorrow.A.willbeB.shallbeC.amD.wasIntheexam,the youare, the mistakesyouwillmake.A.careful;littleB.morecareful;fewestC.morecareful;fewerD.morecareful;lessYoushouldfinishyourlessons yougoouttoplay.A.beforeB.afterC.whenD.whileIhurried Iwouldn’tbelateforclass.A.sinceB.sothatC.asifD.unlessWhenyoureadthebook,you’dbettermakeamark youhaveanyquestions.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.thoughTheteacherraisedhisvoice allthestudentscouldhearhim.A.forB.sothatC.becauseD.inorderHetookoffhiscoat hefelthot.A.becauseB.asC.ifD.sinceItis thatwe’dliketogooutforawalk.A.alovelydayB.toolovelyadayC.solovelyadayD.suchlovelyadayMaryhad muchworktodothatshestayedatherofficeallday.A.suchB.soC.tooD.very Ifeltverytired,Itriedtofinishthework. thedaywenton,theweathergotworse.A.WithB.SinceC.WhileD.As wellyoucandrive,youmustdrivecarefully.A.SolongasB.InorderthatC.NomatterhowD.ThemomentWritetomeassoonasyou toBeijing.A.willgetB.getC.gettingD.got二.根据中文意思完成如下英语句子不管他跟我开什么玩笑,我都不生气.Iamnotangrywithhim, jokeshe onme.布鲁斯太太对学生非常亲切,以至于学生把她当做母亲.MrsBrucewas kindtoherstudents they her theirmother.只要我们竭尽全力,父母就会满意我们的表现.Ourparentswillbepleasedwithourperformance wetryourbest.你一到就给我打个好吗？Willyoupleasecallme yougettoShanghai.这个七岁的女孩酷爱钢琴,以至于他已经坚持练习两年了.Theseven-year-oldgirllikesplayingthepiano shehaskeptpracticingfortwoyears.虽然她很忙,他还坚持自学英语. ,shekeptonlearningEnglishbyherself.他长大后相当一名记者.Hewantstobeajournalist .无论刮风下雨,我们的教师总是第一个到校. windyorrainy,ourteacherisalwaysthefirsttogettoschool.如果人人为保护环境做出贡献,世界将会变得更美好. toprotectingtheenvironment,theworldwillbeemuchmorebeautiful.明昨天没来上学,因为他病了.LiMingdidn’tetoschool .练习二Themeetingdidn'tstart___everyonewasthere.A.becauseB.untilC.whyD.if.Theboy___tobed___hismothercamein.A.wentnot;untilB.didn'tgo;afterC.went;untilD.didn'tgo;untilIwon'tbelieveyou___Ihaveseenitwithmyowneyes.A.beforeB.untilC.afterD.when.He___home___shewassatisfied___hisansweryesterday.A.didn'tgo;until;withB.wasn'tgo;after;toC.doesn'tgo;before;withD.didn'tgo;until;to.He___backuntilthework___done.A.isn't;willbeB.isn't;isC.won'tbe;willbeD.won'tbe;is.Theydidn'tstartthework___theirteachercameback.A.untilB.whileC.assoonasD.ifTomwillcallmeassoonashe___Shanghai.A.arrivesB.willreachC.arrivesinD.gettoI'msurehe'lletoseemebeforehe___Beijing.A.willleaveB.isleavingC.leaveD.leavesIwilltellhimthenewsassoonashe___back.A.eB.esC.willeD.cameTomhasgotawatch.He___itfortwoyears.It byhisfather.A.hasbought;wasbought B.hasgot;isbought,C.wasbought;hasbought. D.hashad;wasbought"'Whenhegottothestation,thetrain___.A.leftB.hadleftC.leavesD.hasleftTheboytoldhisfatherwhathe___inthestreet.A.sawB.haveseenC.hadseenD.seeWe___TVwhenthetelephone .A.watched;wasringingB.werewatching;rangC.watch;ringsD.arewatching;rangBytheendoflastterm,I___tenbooks.A.hadfinishedreadingB.havefinishreadingC.hadfinishtoreadD.finishreadI___youforalongtime.Where___you___?A.didn'tsee;did;goB.didn'tsee;have;goneC.haven'tseen;have;beenD.haven'tseen;have;goneTom___Chinafor3years.A.hasbeenB.hasbeeninC.hasbeentoD.hasbeenatIwon'tgotoseethefilmtonight,becauseI___myticket.A.lostB.havelostC.willloseD.didn'tlose-Hello!MayIspeaktoBob?-Sorry,buthe___foramonth.A.hadbeenawayB.wasleftC.leftD.hasbeenawayI___himsinceIbegantoliveinthecity.A.knowB.haveknownC.knewD.willknowZhaoLan___already___inthisschoolfortwoyears.A.was;studyingB.will;studyC.has;studiedD.are;studyingBettydidn'tgotoseethefilmyesterday___shewasill.A.becauseB.butC.untilD.ifMayIsitnearer___Icanseemoreclearly?A.asifB.sothatC.evenifD.so___youworkhard,youwillcertainlysucceed.A.ThoughB.IfC.BecauseD.For___hecametostudyintheuniversity,hehasmademuchprogressinthestudyofEnglish.A.WhileB.WhenC.SinceD.AfterI'dliketogoswimming thewaterisnottoocold.A.forB.unlessC.ifD.whetherThereare___manyleaguemembersinclass2___inClass4.A.both;andB.'so;thatC.either;orD.as;as-Doyouhaveabiglibrary?-No,wedon't.Atleast,not___yours.A.asbigasB.asbigthanC.asbiggerthanD.biggerasSuzhouisnot beautiful Hangzhou.A.as;thanB.so;asC.even;thanD./;thanIronismoreuseful___anyothermetal.A.asB.thanC.thenD.soIwanttoknow___sheisgoingtoseeafilm.A.ifB.thatC.whatD.whichYouaresuretopasstheexam___youstudyhard.A.ifB.thoughC.thatD.sinceI'llgotoseethefilmwithyou___Ihavetimethisevening.A.whetherB.soC.ifD.when___youstudyharder,you'llneverpassthefinalexam.A.IfB.UntilC.UnlessD.ExceptAlthoughitwasraining,stillworkedinthefields.A.buttheyB