2021年船长面试问题及参考答案

船长面试问题及参照答案

船长是船上最重要职位，也是个方面规定最高职位。船东在面试船员时对船长考核最认真，最费时间，也是最复杂，作为一名合格船长，不但规定有丰富海上工作经历、娴熟船舶驾驶经验和技术，更要有较好商务操作能力、领导管理能力、极佳个人人品、强大人格魅力和感召力。还要勤于动脑、身体力行，在所有船员面前树立典范。船东在进行面试时，往往提问船长问题最多，也最复杂，考察时间也最长。提问船长问题涉及到国际安全管理规则、安全管理体系、船长资历、船舶管理、各种详细商务和技术问题等等。

下面收集了一某些面试试题，供广大面试船长参照。其中某些问题，不但船长必备，其她干部船员，特别是大副也必要看，轮机长也应当参照一下。Canyoutellmeaboutyoureducationalbackground?实事求是，最佳告诉人家在某个学校学了多长时间，最佳也要告诉人家你接受某些社会培训状况，谦虚好学毕竟是一种美德嘛。Pleaserefertoamaster’sself-introductioninPartOneofthisbook.Whatisaclassificationsociety?Whatisthepurposeofclassificationsurvey?Pleaselistsomefamousclassificationsocietiesintheword.Aclassificationsocietyisusuallyanindependentorganizationthatcarriesoutclassificationsurveys，statutorysurveys，surveysrelatedtoanotarymattersforships，offshoreinstallations，marinefreightcontainers，materialsandmarineequipments.Italsoprovidessafetymanagementcertificationservicestoshippingcompaniesandtheirships.Thepurposeofclassificationsurveyistoevaluatethesituationofashipandthemanagementofacompanyanditsship.Someofthefamousclassificationsocietiesare:NK(Japanese日本海事协会)，CCS（Chinese）,ABS(American)，DNV(Norwegian),SL(BritishLloyd英国劳氏)，GL（GermanLloyd德国劳氏），KR（Korea）,RINA(意大利船级社).Canyoutalkaboutthepreviousvesselsyouworkedonboard?实事求是，若没有做过，千万不要伪造。并且服务簿、书面简历以及你自己口头简介资历内容一定要一致，特别是时间、船型、航区、吨位、船员状况、外派公司、船东及租船公司状况，由于你是船长，应当对自己管理船有非常深印象。Pleaserefertoanmaster’sself-introductioninPartOneofthisbook.Whattypeofcargowascarriedonboardyourlastvessel?曾经在什么船上工作过，运过什么货品也是船东非常关怀问题，由于船东在考虑把她一条船交给你时，对你与否运过某种她们船舶载货品非常核心。由于你只有运过某种货品，才对这种货品特性、装卸时需要注意事项、运送途中需要注意事项有所理解和经验。其实，你如果运过某些货品，你也应当说出来。下面提供几种货品名称，供参照：Bulkcargocement，cementclicker，nickel，ore，iron，sand，phosphorus，potashinbulk，salt，grain，petcoke，coaletc.,Generalcargo：vehicle，loader，wagon，heavylifts，over-lengthcargo，mineequipment，steelconstructionmaterial.Other：Log，plywood，container，andsoon.Whenwasyourlastvesseltradingarea，whichportshaveyoucalled?IhaverichexperienceincallingtheportsintheUS，somedevelopingcountriesandinthepassagethroughtheSuezCanal，PanamaCanalandDenverStrait，andDenmarkStrait.Someusefulexpressionsfortradingareas：全球航线ocean-going,worldwidely,globally,worldwide；固定航线fixedroute.CanyoutellmethedifferencesbetweentheChinesestatesownedshippingcompaniesandforeignshippingcompanies?Basically，inmyopinion，therearenotbigdifferencesatall.Itseemstomethatforeignownersaremoreconcernedaboutthemaster’soverridingauthorityonboardwhiletheChineseshippingcompaniestendtoasktheirlocalagentstodomoreforthevessel.AnothermajordifferencebetweenthemisthattheSafetyManagementSystemoftheChinesecompaniesisinChineseandtheworkinglanguageonboardisChinese.What’smore，mostoftheChineseownersusetheCCSforclassificationwhileforeignownersmayusedifferentclassificationsocieties.各个国家船公司均有自己特点和特色。至于您如何回答这个问题并不重要，核心是不要妄自菲薄；试想一下，如果中华人民共和国船东一无是处话，咱们中华人民共和国船员素质又会如何呢？Incaseofcargodamage，forexample，beforethevesselarrivesatthedischargingport，youfindthequalityofthesurfacecargohaschanged，howwouldyouhandleit?Ihavetolookintothereasonandvolumeofthedamagefirst,andthenI’llcontacttheownerforinstruction.Intheeventofsmallquantityofgrain,Ishalljustthrowitintotheseatoavoiddisputes.OrIwillfollowtheowner’sinstructiontocontactit’stheP&Icorrespondentorlocalagentfortheiradvice.Ifnecessary，I’llprepareaSeaProtesttoclaimthattheshipownerandthecrewhaveexercisedtheirduediligence.关于货损失、方面解决程序，各个公司均有有关操作和程序文献，上面只是普通解决原则。HowdoyouunderstandtheMaster’soverridingauthorityunderemergencysituations?Ifthesituationandtimepermit,theMastershouldalwaysreporttothecompanyfirstbeforetakingactions.However,whentheshipisinimmediatedanger,theMastershallexercisehisoverridingauthorityandtakewhateveractionsnecessaryindealingwithanemergencysituationinordertoprotectthesafetyoftheseafarers,thecargo,thevessel,theportandtheenvironmentwithoutconsideringtoomuchthedemandsoftheshipownerandcharterer.Nevertheless，theMastershouldreporttothecompanyindetailwhathashappenedaftertheevent.CanyoutellmeaboutyourexperienceasaCaptain?Hints：YourexperiencemayincludesuchthingsasthedurationyouhaveworkedasaCaptain，theplacesorportsyouhavebeeneverbeento,thetypesofvesselsyouhaveserved,thetypesforcargoyouhaveeverexperienced,themanagementstylesonthevessels，andsoon.PleasealsorefertoChapterOneformoredetailedanswers.WhatistheMaster’sStandingOrder?ItisbasicallytheMaster’sownsetofinstructionsandordersforthevessel’soperation.Thecontentsmayincludethewatch-keepingdutiesfortheofficers,whentoaskfororderfromthemaster,theportentryprocedure,andhowtodealwithemergencysituationlikeoilpollution,firedisaster,collision,grounding,aswellaswhentocallthemastertothebridge,andsoon.Forspecialvessels(tanker，LPGorcarcarriers，etc.,)thestandingordersmayhavesomemorecontents.TheStandingOrderisnormallyfoundonthefirstpagesofDeckLogBookandintheBridgeOrderBook.Besides，somewarningsshallbeprominentlypostedonthebridgeandreadandsignedbyalldutyofficers.HowdoyouunderstandtheimportanceofkeepinggoodharmoniousrelationshipwiththeChiefEngineerandotherofficerandengineers?WithoutharmoniousrelationshipwiththeChiefEngineerandotherofficersandengineer，theMastercannotmanagetheshipwell.ButhowcantheMasterachieveit?Firstofall,theMastermusthaveclosecontactwiththedepartmentheadsbecausethedailymanagementisdelegatedtothemalthoughtheMasterhimselfisresponsiblefortheoverallsafetyandpersonnelmanagement.Secondly，theMasterhimselfmustknowhisjobwellandknowwhentodowhatandhow.Thirdly，theMastershouldbeverystrictinhimselfindisciplineandbehavior.Fourthly，heshouldbefairinjobassignment，paydistributionandotherdailymanagement.ButifsomeoneonboardbreakstheMaster’sorderortherulesonpurpose，theMasterwillhavetopenalizetheoffenderandcanconsiderfiringhimaccordingtotheprocedureoftheshipowner.这是一种考验船长管理能力问题，也许不同船长有不同管理经验和办法，但是船东但愿船长在这方面有较好办法。有些船长在回答此类问题时，会不假思考地说：“Iwilldismissthosewhodonotlistentome”。咱们这样船长未免太霸道了。上述答案只是笔者个人看法，仅供参照。Didyouhavetheexperienceofworkingwithforeigncrews?Yes，IhaveworkedonfourshipsofmixedcrewfromChina,ChinaTaiwan，Philippine,Vietnam,Russia,SouthKorea，Japan，BurmaandUkraine.实事求是。但是，外派资历外国船东很看中事，如果你有较好外派资历，可千万不要错过让船东懂得机会。HowdoyoudifferentiatetheChinesecrewsandthePilipinocrews?OrhowdoyoulikePilipino(Korea，Vietnamese，Indian，Burmese，Ukrainian，Russian，Britishetc.)seaman?IhadtheexperienceofworkingwiththeFilipinocrew.TheFilipinosaremostlyveryprofessionalandobedient.Sometimestheyarealsodemandingintermsofwages.Asawhole，theyareveryniceseafarers.在回答此类问题时，切忌把其她国家海员说得一无是处，如果你以为人家什么都不是话，那么很难想象你在将来工作中能和人家配合好。何况，无论哪个国家、哪个文化人均有好人和坏人。要尽量说出人家长处。船员队伍本来就很国际化，在一种类似“联合国”工作团队里，能和不同国籍、不同文化、不同性格人相处，显得十分重要。Canyoutellmeaboutthecompaniesyouhaveworkedfor?Whatarethedifferencesamongthesecompanies?ThecompanyIhaveworkedforthepasttenyearsisastate-ownedcompany.Itisagoodcompany.Butthemanagementofthecompanyisinsomeways，differentfromforeignship-ownerscompanies.实事求是。同样，也不但愿你过多地贬低你曾经工作过公司，由于既然你憎恨所有本来公司，你也也许会憎恨你即将服务新公司。而事情往往是，在船东以为，公司和船东发生冲突时，并不见得是你公司问题，也许是你本人就不适合在本来公司工作。Howisapassage/voyageplanmadeonboardships?Whatmaterialsdoyouneedtorefertowhenyoumakesuchplans?Usually，apassageplanshouldbemadebeforeanewvoyagestarts.TheMastershouldgivetheSecondOfficerthesailinginstructionandhisintentionsonthesailingroutesandbeforetheSecondOfficerpreparesthedraftplan.ThentheMasterissupposedtocheckitverycarefully.Ifsomethingwrongisfoundinthepassageplan，theMastershouldasktheSecondOfficertocorrectitimmediately.Ifnothingiswrongaboutthedraft，theplanshallberatifiedandimplemented.WhentheSecondOfficerismakingthedraftplan，theMastershouldhelpprovidesomeimportantinformationsourcesfortheSecondOfficerpreparesthedraftplan.ThentheMasterissupposedtocheckitverycarefully.Ifsomethingwrongisfoundinthepassageplan，theMastershouldasktheSecondOfficertocorrectitimmediately.Ifnothingiswrongaboutthedraft，theplanshallberatifiedandimplemented.WhentheSecondOfficerismakingthedraftplan，theMastershouldhelpprovidesomeimportantinformationsourcesfortheSecondOfficer，suchastheportentryguidance，thesailingdirections，listsoflights，tidalstreamtables，deepdraughtvesselplanningguide，theIMOshiprouteguidance，governmentandportauthority’sregulations，pilotcharts，noticetomariner，weatherinformation，andthevoyageplanandsoon.TheMastershouldensurethattheplancovers“berthtoberth”areainthepassage.AndtheMastershouldhelptheSecondOfficertoselectthebestsailingroutethatwillsavefuelandtime，andavoidbadweatherconditions.CanyoudescribethepreparationproceduresbeforeenteringtheUSports?First，Imustcheckallthecertificatesforthevesselandtheseamentomakesureallthenecessarycertificatesareavailabletodealwiththecustomsclearances，thesanitarychecksandotherportchecks.Inaddition，Imustpreparesuchpublicationsascurrentlycorrectednavigationalcharts，UScostalpilotguide，lightlistbook，tidetable，USinlandrulesofnavigation，andrecentnoticetomariners.Forty-eighthourspriortoaUSport，Ishallconductthefollowingemergencysteeringdrillsandlogthemintotherecordbooks：operationofthemainsteeringgearfromsteeringcompartment，communicationbetweenbridgeandsteeringcompartment，andalternativepowersupply.IshallalsoinformtheQualifiedIndividualofmyarrival.Twenty-fourhoursbeforearrivalinaUSport，IshallnotifytheUSCGofmyship’sarrival.TwelvehourspriortoarrivalinaUSport，thefollowingequipmentshallbetestedandrecordedinthelogbook：primaryandsecondsteeringgear，internalcontrolcommunicationsandalarms，standing-byemergencygenerator，andmainpropulsionmachinery.Drillsarealsotheprioritiesofmypreparatorywork.Usually，theportauthorityoftheUSpaysspecialattentiontothedrills.Soboatdrills，fire-fightingdrillsandotherdrillsmustbecarriedoutbeforeenteringintoanyUSport.Sanitarysituationofmyshipisanotherconsideration.Properdisposalofgarbageonmyshipandanti-pollutiondevicesexaminationareveryimportant.Allinall，muchmorecareshouldbetakenbeforeentryintoanyUSportthanintheportsinothercountries.美国是世界上海事立法最多国家，也是港口检查最严格国家之一，熟悉美国关于海事立法和港口国检查规定对一名船长来说非常重要，这也是船东特别关注问题。DidyouencounteranyproblemsduringPSCinspectionsintheUSports?No，IhavenevermetanybigproblemsbecauseIalwaysmadegoodpreparationbeforemyvesselcalledattheUSport.EachtimeIwasabletogothroughthePSCinspectionssmoothly.Oryoucansay:Yes，IoncehadaproblemduringPSCinspectioninaUSport.TheARPAcouldn’tbeactivatedsincethepowersupplywasoutofwork.TheUSCGonlyallowedusafewhourstorepairit.Totheirsatisfaction，theARPAwasbacktonormalafteronlyonehour.Luckily，wedon’thaveanyfineimposedonus.Iunderstandfromthisexperiencethatgoodpreparationsinadvanceareveryimportant.Evenifthereisaproblem，Iwillaskmycrewtorectifyitintheleastpossibletime.Howshouldthepre-departureseminarbeconductedintheport?Accordingtomyexperience，asafetymeetingshallbeheldpriortodepartureandsomeoftheimportantissuesliketheun-berthingoperationawaycheck，cooperationwiththepilotandotherengineering(technical)mattersshouldbediscussedatthemeeting.WhyshouldtheMasteralwaysbeawareoftheactionsbeingtakenbythepilot?Well，it’sbecausethepresenceofthepilotonthebridgedoesnotrelievetheMasterfromtakinganymeasuresnecessarytoassurethesafetyoftheshipandmarineenvironment.Ifhefindsthatthepilot’sordersaredoubtful，theMasterhastoclarifytheordersimmediately.Whennecessary，theMastershallcommandtheship’snavigationhimself.引航员在船引航时并没有解除船长和船员对于船舶安全责任是ISM体系特别强调一点，船长应当熟知并让每位船员熟知。WhatshouldtheMasterdoifheisunsureabouthislegalstandinginaforeigncountryorastrangeport?Hemustcontactthecompanyatonceforadvice.Heshouldalso，ifnecessary，consultthelocalcorrespondentoftheowner’sP&Iandthelocalagentoftheshipwhocanprovidevaluableandassistance.绝大多数船东但愿远在海上船员能及时和船东沟通，并把某些解决不了或不是很明白问题及时向她们报告。固然，和船东公司在各个国家和港口代理沟通也十分重要。WhatshouldtheMasterdoifthefiguresoftheloadedquantityareabnormallydifferentfromthoseonthebillsoflading?Themastershouldreportthecasetotheshipownerassoonaspossible.Atthediscretionofthecompany，theMastershouldprepareandsendaLetterofProtesttothenotarysurveyorofterminal/portauthorityundertheinstructionoftheshipowner.Insuchcase，theMastershouldalsorequirefurthermeasurementsandcalculationstobemade.WhatcontentsareshownontheBillofLadingiftheshipisloadedwithbulkcargo?Ususlly，thefollowingitemsareshownontheBillofLading(B/L)：measure，quality，quantity，condition，contentsandvalueunknownetc.，DifferentcompaniesmayhaveformatsfortheirrespectiveB/L.AB/Lconsistsofthreeoriginalcopiesthathavethesamelegalvalidity.Thefirstcopytheconsigneeshowswilldenythevalidityoftheothertwocopies.DoyouknowtheinsurancecoverageprovidedbyaP&IClub?AP&IClubisanon-profitassociationofshipownersthatprovidesmutualinsuranceagainstmaritimerisks.ItcoverstherisksthatarenotcoveredbytheHullInsurer，suchaspersonalillnessandinjury，cargodamage，collisionwithanothervessel，stowawaysandrefugees，damagetofixedorfloatingobjects，pollutionandsoon.CouldyouexplainwhattheSOLAS74ANDMARPOL73/78are?WhatistherelationbetweenSOLAS74andISMCode?SOLASistheInternationalConventionfortheSafetyofLifeatSea.ItisthemostimportantinternationalconventiononthesafetyofthelifeatseamadeandpassedbyIMO.TheISMCodeislistedasChapter9oftheSOLAS74.Itistoensuresafetyoftheship，theseamen，theportandthecargo，aswellasthemarineenvironment.MARPOL，73/78istheInternationalConventiononthePreventionofMarinePollution.Thisisthemostimportantinternationalconventionontheprotectionofmarineenvironment.几种国际公约名称，特别是全称应当了如指掌。对公约重要条款更应当懂得。当前，ISMCODE因列为SOLAS公约第9章而变成强制性执行公约，对ISMCODE目、重要内容特别要有比较进一步理解。Priortoship’sdeparture，whattestsshouldbemadeandloggedintheShip’sLogBook?Someofthekeytesttobedonebeforesailing:a)Steeringgeartestb)Ship’sclocksandenginetelegraphtestsandharmonizationc)Internal，externalandportablecommunicationequipmenttestd)Thewhistleandnavigationalliststestse)Relevantelectronicposition-fixingequipment(ARPA，RADAR，GMDSS)testf)AnyotherteststhattheMasterthinksnecessaryHowoftenatleastshouldtheEmergencySteeringDrillbeheld?Itshouldbeheldatleasteverythreemonths.Butactually，themoreoftenthedrillisdone，thebetter.Butbeforeenteringintosomeports，forexample，intheUSwherePSCinspectionsareverystrict，itisveryimportanttohavedrillspriortoentry.Howdoyoumaintaintheminimumunderkeelclearance(MUKC)whenthevesselisduringpassage，infairwaysandinsideports?Duringthepassage，theMUKCshouldbeatleastmorethan20%ofloaddraft，orasregulatedbyportauthority.富余水深多少因不同船、不同航区规定而异，但是，为了保证航行安全，船长应在心目中有个大体数字。WhataretheMaster’sresponsibilitiesongarbagedisposal?TheMastershallensurethattheposterswithasummaryofregulationongarbagedisposalatseaisclearlydisplayedintheship’sgalley，ontheinformationboardsandinanyotherplaceswheregarbageiscollectedpriortodisposal.TheMastershalldiscussthesubjectofshipboardgarbagemanagementwiththecrewatsafetymeetings.TheMastershallcheckthegarbagedisposalsituationonboardthoroughlyfromtimetotime.TheMastershallalsonominateaspecificpersoninchargeofthegarbagedisposal.Canyoudescribethegarbagedisposalproceduresonboardyourlastvessel?Howdidyouclassifythegarbageonboard?Fourstepsshouldbefollowed：collection，processing(separation)，storage，anddisposal.Thegarbagecandividedintothreekinds;Plasticsandplasticmixedwithothermaterials;Foodandaccommodationwaste;Othergarbagecannotdisposedintothesea，e.g.plasticsandplasticmaterials.垃圾解决涉及到污染问题。各个公司ISM手册对于垃圾解决都规定了非常严格程序。垃圾固然也有明确分类，如有公司规定把垃圾提成三类、有提成四类、有提成六类等。船东重要看备选船员在防污染方面与否注重。由于一旦给某些港口国导致污染，船东会受到重罚。WhataresensitivecargoesasdefinedbytheP&IClub?Thecargoesthatareparticularlysusceptibletomoistureanddamagearecalledsensitivecargoes.Specialattentionisrequiredforsensitivecargoes.TheP&IClubdefinethefollowingcargoesassensitivecargoes：cement，grain，andsugarandsoon.Beforethecommencementofeachvoyage，whichpartsofthevesselshouldbechecked?Cargoholds，hatchcovers，ventilationsystem，tank-top，holdlighting，firefightinganddetectorappliances，bilge，soundingpipes，airpipes，cargogears(hooks，grabs，slings，wires)andtherelevantmachineryshouldbecheckedcarefullyinordertoensureseaworthinessofthevessel.Afterthechecks，thechecklistsshallbefilledorrecordsshallbekept.Pleaseexplainthemeaningof“SOPEP”?WhatcontentsshouldbeincludedintheSOPEP?SOPEPmeansShipboardOilPollutionEmergencyPlananditshouldcontainthefollowing:(1)ProcedurestobefollowedbytheMasterorotherpersonsinchargeoftheshiptoreportanoilpollutionincident.(2)Authorityorpersonstobecontactedintheeventofoilpollution.(3)Detaileddescriptionofactionstobetakenimmediatelybypersonsonboardtoreduceorcontrolthedischargeofoilfollowingincident.(4)Listofoilspillresponseequipmentandmaterialstobemaintainedonboard.(Removers，sprayer，oilabsorbent，sawdust，wasterags，scoop，shovels，buckets，bamboobrooms，portablepump，protectiveclothingandportablecontainers).Simplyspeaking，SOPEPshouldincludesuchthingsastheemergencycontacts(telephoneandothermeansofcommunication，address，etc.)，theequipmentusedindealingwithoilpollution，themusterlistintheoilpollution，andthereportprocedurewhentheaccidenthappensetc.Whatpreparationsshouldyoumakebeforeentryintoaport?(1)Togatherthenecessaryinformationonthestateanddestinationportauthorityrequirementsrelatedtopilotage，berthing，customsclearanceandportquarantineinspections，etc.;(2)Tomakesureofanorderlyslow-downofthemainengine，andaskthedutyofficertogivetheETAandthetimeshipisexpectedtobeonmaneuveringspeedtothedutyengineer;(3)ThemainengineistobetestedintheasternmodeandtheMastershouldknowthatinsomecountries(e.g.，inUS)，beforeentryintoport，entiretestofthenavigationalequipmentandmainengineisrequired;(4)Toaskthedutyofficerstoensurethattherightflags，signals，orlightsareshown;(5)Tofacilitatethemachinerymaintenance，theMastershouldgivetheC/EanindicationofETBandETDimmediatelyafterthearrivalatananchorageorberth.WhatshouldaMusterListinclude?WhatkindsofMusterListdidyouhaveonthelastvessel?AMusterListshouldincludethefollowingpoints;(1)Detailsofemergencyalarmsignal;(2)Howabandonshiporderwillbegiven;(3)Substituteforthekeypersonnelwhomaybecomedisabled;(4)Theboattowhicheachpersonbelongsanddutiestobeperformedinanabandonshipsituation;(5)Thespecificgrouptowhichapersonbelongsandgeneraldutiesduringvariousemergencies;(6)Anyadditionalorspecificduties;(7)Specificassemblypointofeachgroup.TheMusterListmustbereadybeforeashipsails.WehadthefollowingMusterListsonboardthelastvessel；Generalemergency，firefighting，fireintheengine，emergencysteering，abandon-ship，manoverboard，oilpollutionpreventionstation.Whenyourshipisinvolvedinanoilpollutionincident，whatshouldmasterdo?AccordingtotheISMCodeandMARPOL，theincidentshouldbeimmediatelyreportedtothenearestcoastalState，andtheshipownerwithoutanydelay.Areportshouldalsobesubmittedtotheflagstate.DoyouallowcargodischargewithoutbeingshowntheB/L?Definitelyspeak：No.TheB/Listhelegalevidenceofthecargo’sownership.However，thecargocanbedischargediftheconsigneeshowsaLetterofIndemnityapprovedbytheshipownerconfirmingtheauthenticityofthedocuments.Howdoyouunderstandshipboardtraining?Itisaveryimportantthingonboard.Routinetrainingonsafetyofthevessel，thecargo，andtheseamenshouldbecarriedoutperiodically.Trainingtonewjoinersisalsoimportant.Theyshouldbebriefedonemergencyprocedures，anti-pollution，safetyequipmentfamiliarization，shipoperationaltrainingandworkingskills.Howcanyoumaintainabalanceofinterestsbetweentheshipownerandthecharterer?Well，thisisadifficultquestion.Myopinionisthattheowner’sinterestsshouldalwaysbeprioritized.Butyouknow，sometimestheMasterisunderheavypressurefromboththeownerandthecharterer.Myexperienceisthatthecharterer’sinterestsshouldbetakegoodcareofwithouthurtingtheinterestsoftheownerandthecrew.船长可以依照自身经验和体会来组织这个问题答案。但普通而言，船东但愿能和租船公司建立良好关系，又能维护船东利益。由于船长拿是船东工资，但船东拿是客户（租家）钱。Whatdoyouknowabouttheinternalandexternalaudit?Duringtheinternalaudit，howwillyoucooperatewiththeauditors?Usually，theinternalauditiscarriedoutonceortwiceayearinaccordancewiththeowner’sSMSmanuals.ItisunderthechargeoftheDesignatedPerson(DP)，oratthediscretionoftheDP.Afterreceivingauditnoticefromthecompany，theMastershouldholdapre-auditmeetingwiththeofficersandengineersafterreceivingtheauditnotice.TheMastershouldmakesurethebestcooperationisprovidedtotheauditorsofthecompanyandthedocumentstobeauditedarewellprepared.TheexternalauditiscarriedoutbytheprofessionalauditorsfromtheClass.Ifmajornon-conformities，non-conformitiesandobservationsarefoundeitherintheinternalorexternalaudit，theshipshouldmakerectificationinthestipulatedtime.Canyoubrieflydescribethehand-overprocedurebetweentheoutgoingMasterandtherelievingMaster?Usually，thehandoverprocedureisasfollows:First，theoutgoingMastershouldprepareahandoverreportasperthecompany’shandoverprocedureandchecklist.Second，theoutgoingMastershouldprepareahandovermemotobeattachedtothereport.Thefollowingshouldbethehighlightsinthehandoverprocedure：Documentation，communication(themeanstocontactallrelatedpersonsandcompanies)，bridgeequipment，storesandaccount，personnel，shipmaintenanceandconditionsetc.Besides，itisalsoveryimportanttogivetherelievingMasteraclearideaofthepersonnel，thelocalagent，theportandsomeotherinformationthatarenotwritteninthechecklist.TrytofillinallthechecklistsatthepresenceofbothMasters.WhatistherelationshipbetweentheMasterandtheChiefEngineer?OrwhatkindofrelationshouldtheMasterandtheChiefEngineerhave?TheMasteristheNo.1leaderoftheship，responsibleforthewholevesselandtheChiefEngineerisonesubordinateoftheMaster.TheChiefEngineerisinfullchargeoftheenginedepartment.Inthemeantime，itisalsoimportantfortheMastertooffersupportandhelptotheChiefEngineerinhisimplementationofduties.Anyway，smoothcooperationandharmoniousrelationshipbetweentheMasterandtheChiefEngineerisveryimportanttothesafeoperationofthevessel.船长和轮机长融洽关系非常重要，但船长对船舶安全绝对权威不能有任何折扣。船东但愿船长既能和轮机长处好关系，又可以树立自己管理权威。Whatshouldtheship’sNightOrdersinclude?HowoftendoyoupreparetheNightOrders?Dowell-preparedNightOrdersmeanyoucanhaveagoodsleep?Theship’sNightOrdersshouldincludesuchinformationassailingcourse，anti-collisionwarning，someprecautions，watchkeepingpoints，dangerouscargoorders，sailingwarninginspecialareasetc.TheMastershouldprepareaNightOrdereverynightbeforehegoestosleep.EvenIhavewellpreparednightorders，Ishallstillbeonhighalertwhenthevesselissailinginsomedangerousareas(i.e.areaswithlowvisibility，somenarrowstraits，alongtheseacoastandthependingarrivalattheport，etc.)这是一种船东非常关怀问题，由于这涉及到船舶行驶安全，船长必要能纯熟说出。Whennewcrewscomeonboard，whattrainingwillyouoffertothem?First，Iwillgetthemfamiliarwiththewholevessel，includingtheequipment，thepersonnelanddocuments.Second，Iwillaskthemtogetfamiliarwiththeirrespectiveduties.Third，Iwillgetthemtrainedonthesafeoperationandemergencyproceduresandsoon.船上船员培训既要符合国际规则规定，也要符合公司体系文献规定。此外，船长也要依照详细状况安排相应培训内容。Whatarethethreegradesofbulkcarriersaccordingtotheirsize?Generally，theyareclassifiedintothreetypes：Handysize，PanamaxsizeandCapesize.TheHandysizebulkerislessthan60,000tonsindeadweithttonnage.Thepanamaxsizebulkerisbetween60,000to70,000tons，usuallycarryingusualcargoessuchascoal，barxite(铝土矿)，Borax(硼砂)，Cement，Grain，Tapioka，Copra(椰子肉)，Pellet，LimeStoneandsoon.TheCapesizeismorethan80,000indeadweighttonnage，and106feetinbreadth，andthecargousuallycarriedbythistypeofabulkerareironore，pellet，andCoal.Howdoyouknowthattheseachartisup-to-date?HowdoyougetthelatestNoticetoMariner?Ineedtocheckthechartscorrectionlogandthechartsconcernedtomakesurethechartisupdated.NormallythecompanysendstheNoticetoMarinerperiodicallyandautomaticallytotheship.IwillsendarequisitiontothecompanyiftheNoticetoMarinerisnotbeingreceived.WhatistheDCPAduringpassage，infairways，inthestraitandinsideports?Atsea，theclosestpointofapproach(DCPA)istwomiles；inthestrait，theclosestpointofapproach(DCPA)istwomiles；inthestrait，theshortestdistancebetweenthetwoshipsisthenewcoursedistancebetweentwovesselsalsodependedonsuchfactorsasweathercondition，thesizesofthetwovesselsandsoon.Howdoyoutreattheenginebilgewater?Theenginebilgewatercanbynomeansbepumpedoutintotheseadirectly.Ifithastobepumpedout，itmustbeproperlytreatedthroughtheoilywaterseparator.Ifthe